Short-term international migration trends in England and Wales from 2004 to 2009

Short-term migration estimates for England and Wales are the latest addition to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) migration statistics. This article discusses definitions of short-term migration and the methodology that is used to produce the estimates. Some of the estimates and the changes in the estimates over time are then discussed. The article includes previously unpublished short-term migration statistics and therefore helps to give a more complete picture of the size and characteristics of short-term international migration for England and Wales than has previously been possible. ONS have identified a clear user requirement for short-term migration estimates at local authority (LA) level. Consequently, attention is also paid to the progress that has been made and future work that is planned to distribute England and Wales short-term migration estimates to LA level.     

Providing QoS guarantees for self-similar traffic flows

1.INTRODUCTION Recentanalysesofvariouspacket basednetworking showthatnetworktraffichasvariabilityovermany timescales.Itsperformancedifferswithresultsof queuetheorythatisbasedonthePoissondistribu tion.Statisticalanalysesoflargetrafficdatasetshave revealedthatthestatisticalcharacteristicsofrealtraf ficmaybebestdescribedbyself similarity.Self simi larityimpliesthepresenceoflong rangedependence (LRD)inthetraffic.Thatis,thereexistnon negli giblepositivecorrelationintheburstbehaviorofthe …     

Critical methods and ideology: An international perspective

This article describes approaches to rhetorical criticism used in recent years, reviews the Critical Systems perspective, and examines the relevance of Critical Systems to rhetorical criticism. The argument is that rhetorical criticism must advance the position for improving the human condition, not simply advance our understanding of human communication.     

单播与多速率组播共存网络中的公平资源分配

以最大化网络用户效用值为目标,考虑组播接收者的异构性,将单播和组播任务纳入统一的凸规划模型研究,并应用惩罚函数法推导出一种启发式速率控制算法。该算法在IP网络中分布式实现时,路由器使用RED算法标记报文,反馈拥塞信息;用户端提取拥塞信息计算最优速率,并作相应更新。通过选择合适的算法参数及效用函数,单播与组播将依据比例公平性准则共享网络资源。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。另外,还分析了多速率组播分层实现时,不同的带宽离散化密度对资源分配公平性的影响。     

仿真与国民经济

讨论了仿真技术与国民经济的关系,仿真技术与其它技术的关系。介绍了仿真技术国民经济领域的应用的发展状况。     

Energy flows in complex ecological systems: a review

Energy flow drives the complex systems to evolve. The allometric scaling as the universal energy flow pattern has been found in different scales of ecological systems. It reflects the general power law relationship between flow and store. The underlying mechanisms of energy flow patterns are explained as the branching transportation networks which can be regarded as the result of systematic optimization of a biological target under constraints. Energy flows in the ecological system may be modelled by the food web model and population dynamics on the network. This paper reviews the latest progress on the energy flow patterns, explanatory models for the allometric scaling and modelling approach of flow and network evolution dynamics in ecology. Furthermore, the possibility of generalizing these flow patterns, modelling approaches to other complex systems is discussed. This research is supported by Guozhi Xu Post Doctoral Research Foundation and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60574068.     

A CASE FOR SUSTAINABLE SECURITY SYSTEMS ENGINEERING： INTEGRATING NATIONAL, HUMAN, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

In the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, there is a growing sense of insecurity felt by many citizens around the world. Sustainable security, with roots in the sustainable development and human security literature, seeks positive transformations for the co-evolving and mutually dependent human-environmental condition by integrating (and subsuming) national, human, environmental, and energy security concerns and capitalizing on opportunities provided by human creativity, diplomatic openings, modernization and environmental change. The field of Sustainable Security Systems Engineering is proposed for protecting, restoring, designing, and implementing a set of integrated natural and man-made processes that equitably and responsibly meet the biophysical needs of human communities, while maintaining long-term security, respecting financial constraints, meeting ecological limits, and improving institutional arrangements for transparent and effective governance. Scenario planning is shown to help promote sustainable security by identifying the preconditions of instability and helping to proactively address them in an increasingly complex and uncertain world. The six papers published in this featured collection cross policy domains, geographic, political, and sectoral boundaries and were discussed at forums sponsored by the Systems Engineering and Global Policy group. Collectively, they demonstrate the quality, breadth and depth of systems engineering methodologies that are used to promote sustainable security.     

基于信息流的C2组织结构仿真评价研究

建立了C2(Command and Control)组织的信息流描述图模型与矩阵模型。从决策agent在知识、能力上的宽度与深度两个角度分析了决策agent之间进行信息交换、指挥控制命令传递的特点,在此基础上建立了C2组织中决策agent的功能模型,并定性地分析了多agent之间协同决策在决策质量、时间上的影响因素。最后针对一个简单的作战任务,从信息流的角度应用仿真方法对8种典型的C2组织结构进行了评价,仿真结果反映了C2组织结构的发展趋势。     

The feasibility of making short-term migration estimates

Short-term migration, that is stays of less than 12 months, has received particular attention recently from both national and local level users of population statistics. This interest is part of the wider interest shown in increasing levels of long-term migration statistics in recent years. This article is an initial assessment by ONS of the potential to produce short-term migration estimates for England and Wales, and the challenges faced in doing so. Central to these challenges is the question of how short-term migration should be defined. In addition, illustrative estimates of short-term migration based on the International Passenger Survey (IPS) are provided. These illustrative estimates, along with associated standard errors, are provided at both national and regional levels using a number of definitional bases.     

合成孔径雷达实时距离徙动校正算法研究

对于合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)信号处理,特别是SAR实时信号处理,徙动校正算法是非常关键的一个步骤。一方面,徙动校正处理算法的性能直接影响最终的成像质量;另一方面徙动校正处理的运算量也关系着整个处理系统的设备量、实时性。给出了目前几种常用的SAR处理算法中距离徙动校正的方法,结合计算机仿真方法,分析了在实时处理环境下各方法的误差性能与运算量,并最终得到结论:对于实时处理,多项式插值方法是较好的选择。     

The use of patient registers to estimate migration

This article presents information discussed at the recent regional seminars on population statistics. It describes a new data source for estimating internal migration between local and health authorities in England and Wales, discusses the way that the data have been collected and processed, and how limitations in the raw data have been addressed. It then goes on to explain the way that the new internal migration estimates have been used in the calculation of population estimates for local and health authorities. This is a change to the method of estimating migration in the calculation of population estimates.     

MULTILATERAL COMPARISON ON CHINESE MANUFACTURING＇S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

This paper analyses Chinese manufacturing performance from a multilateral perspective in 1980–2004. The PPPs, relative price levels, labor productivity and ULCs in multilateral comparison are used to explore Chinese manufacturing competitiveness. The PPPs are based on the benchmark year 1997. These results are compared to the previous estimates based on the 1987 benchmark. The findings are as follows: the PPPs derived by the different approaches in the base year 1997 in Chinese manufacturing are approximately 3.7 yuan/international $. Since the middle 1980s, China’s relative price level has been the lowest among all five countries and declined during the period of time. Its ULC has also been declining with some fluctuation. In the 1980s, there was “no catch-up rapid growth” in its labor productivity. However, after 1992, a beginning has been made with catch up distinctly, though from a very low level. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 70173029, 70571004 and 70531010. Ruoen Ren Professor of School of Economics & Management in Beihang University received Ph.D. in Economics in Renmin University of China in 1987. As one who enjoys the Government Special Allowance, he specializes in the study of international competitiveness, macroeconomics analysis, input-output table research, and credit risk management etc. His primary academic achievements are as follows: ICP in China, ICOP in China, KLEMS in China, Credit risk management in China commercial bank. In addition to his teaching and research at school, he is a chief economist in China Development Bank, a member in Science & Technical committee in Ministry of Education, and an executive director in China’s Input-output Association, etc. Haitao Zheng Doctorial candidate of School of Economics & Management in Beihang University, majors in the study on international competitiveness and insurance actuary. Meanwhile, he is an Associate of Society of Chinese Actuary.     

国家创新体系的系统构成及建设重心

国家创新体系是一个巨系统,由知识生产系统、技术创新系统、政策支撑系统、知识产权保护系统、科技中介服务系统、创新文化环境系统构成。现阶段,其中各子系统的工作重心在于建设科学研究与高等教育的协作机制、确立企业的主体地位、强化政府采购、建立知识产权审判新格局、提升科技评估水平、培育创新教育观。     

国家小麦工程中心的发展模式和运行探索

农业工程技术研究中心是我国科技体制改革的一个新生事物,适宜的发展模式和运行机制是持续发展的保证,也是深化科技体制改革发展的需要,因而对此进行了探索。参3。     

A new area classification for understanding internal migration in Britain

This article details the development of a new area classification for Britain based on internal migration variables taken from the 2001 Census. An explanation of why general-purpose area classifications already in existence are not ideal for internal migration analysis is provided, before an account of the construction of the new classification is given. The latter involves justification of the choice of variables, explanation of the methodology adopted and presentation of the final typology.     

Control in the National Health Service

This paper reviews the objectives behind the installation of control systems within the National Health Service. It outlines how the introduction of market concepts in the National Health Service necessarily changes the objectives of the service and hence its control systems, particularly its financial control systems. The paper then examines various control models, to establish exactly what elements are being controlled and to diagnose some of the shortcomings of the existing system. In conclusion, the authors point to the need for a recognition of multiple (and often conflicting) objectives and for more open debate about the appropriateness of the current simplistic measures to overcome the danger that the faults of the original control system will emerge again, with an emphasis on inputs into the system rather than outputs.     

未来从这里起步——国家管理科学瞻望

这是一篇从整体论、系统论、行为科学、管理科学的角度,对国家管理所进行的思考.与现有思维不同,本文所谈属一个全然不同的理念,除强调思维方式的转变以外,更提出以管理学为指导对整个国家管理的思考布局,并以大量事例具体阐述了什么是国家管理的科学.     

系统辩证地认识我国经济“又好又快”地发展

党的十七大提出了要促进我国经济“又好又快”地发展,这是党对经济发展规律认识的深化和经济建设指导思想的升华,是迈向现代化的中国对发展路径的坚定抉择。我们必须系统辩证地认识和理解经济“又好又快”发展的内涵和意义;提出经济“又好又快”发展的依据;实现经济“又好又快”发展的必由之路;同时,要提高国民的环保意识和忧患意识,共同爱护地球这个人类唯一的家园。     

国民经济动员仿真演练情景生成与调度

国民经济动员仿真演练涉及的参演单位众多,流程复杂,组织机构结构不确定,要求仿真演练系统框架能够适应较大的变化,具有较高的通用性。现有的基于EBAT的团队训练方法扩展性和重用性较差,不能很好的满足国民经济动员仿真演练的通用性需求。为了解决这一问题,在EBAT的基础上提出了一种通用的情景生成与调度框架。同时,针对演练情景的描述、生成与调度等核心问题提出了相应的解决方案。这种框架设计灵活、可扩展性强,提高了系统的通用性,并且已经在国民经济动员仿真演练中得到了实际应用,其有效性得到了验证。