水成膜泡沫阻热性能模型

 水成膜泡沫(AFFF)灭火剂是扑灭大型舰船甲板油面火灾最有效的灭火剂.阻热作用是水成膜泡沫灭火剂的主要灭火机制之一,当AFFF在火灾表面形成薄膜层后,一方面由于铺展作用,外部不断地补充AFFF;另一方面,由于火灾的热辐射作用,AFFF内部不断发生消融.消融的存在使AFFF厚度变薄,其阻热能力也不断降低,当AFFF下方的燃油达到闪点时,由于AFFF内部存在空气,下方的燃油可能发生复燃.定量分析AFFF的阻热性能,研究热态环境下AFFF内部温度场的分布情况是研究AFFF灭火效能的重要组成部分,对于防止火灾复燃和消防决策有重要意义.本文在建立固态消融模型的基础上,结合AFFF的消融特点和假设条件,建立AFFF消融的稳态模型,并补充AFFF密度、消融速率和组分速率计算模型,通过仿真求解AFFF内部温度场的分布,并和实验进行对比,得到实验值高于仿真值,误差在10%以内.通过该模型的研究可以定量指导和计算单位面积油火需要的AFFF流量.     

高原环境对水成膜泡沫灭火剂灭火性能影响

使用水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF)分别在都江堰(海拔700 m)和康定机场(海拔4 290 m)进行灭航空煤油池火实验,研究高原低压低氧环境对水成膜泡沫灭火剂灭火性能影响。实验研究发现高原环境下航空煤油池火火功率减小,燃烧速率降低,水成膜泡沫灭火剂的灭火性能增强。     

浅谈铁路长隧道消防系统的设计

以西安-安康铁路秦岭长隧道消防设计为例,主要介绍了长隧道的火灾起因,消防方案选择,水成膜泡沫灭火原理,设计原则,主要消防设施简介及消防组织说明.     

复合型添加剂增强细水雾灭火性能研究

采用实验模拟研究了自制复合型添加剂对细水雾灭火性能的影响．重点考察了细水雾灭火有效性随添加剂浓度的变化规律．结果表明：复合型添加剂显著增强了细水雾的灭火性能，最大可缩短灭火时间5～8倍。并且随着细水雾中添加剂含量的不断增加，油池火的灭火时间呈现出先快速下降，尔后略微增长的趋势；而木垛火的灭火时间则表现为平缓下降，并趋于饱和．对应最短灭火时间，油池火的最佳添加剂灭火浓度约为临界胶束浓度（CMC）的2～3倍，木垛火的最佳添加剂灭火浓度为临界胶束浓度的（CMC）8～10倍．含添加剂细水雾扑灭火焰是物理化学复合作用机制，但主导灭火机理是燃料表面的冷却与隔离作用．并且对于油池火，添加剂灭火关键是表面活性剂在油面快速成膜．而对于木垛火，添加剂灭火关键是在表面覆盖较厚泡沫层．     

基于Ergun方程的菱镁球团填充床层阻力特性实验

菱镁球团重烧竖炉内的气流流动分布较为复杂,获得料层阻力特性规律是开展竖炉内气体流动及气固换热过程研究的基础.从颗粒填充床的气体动力学出发,以Ergun方程为基础,首先系统测量了菱镁球团颗粒关键宏观特性——粒径分布、密度、球形度及空隙率;通过冷态实验修正了Ergun方程中黏性阻力系数和惯性阻力系数,获得了适用于描述菱镁球...     

三相泡沫防治煤炭自燃的特性及应用

介绍了三相泡沫的防灭火特征,分析了三相泡沫的覆盖效果和阻化特性,实验研究了三相泡沫扑灭多孔介质中的高位火源. 结果表明,靠大流量的三相泡沫不断渗透、堆积和扩散,能将整个采空区完全覆盖,可防治采空区内任何位置的火源. 根据矿井采空区及三相泡沫的特性推导出三相泡沫的扩散距离、注浆管出口离工作面的距离及连续注三相泡沫的时间. 通过三相泡沫在大兴煤矿N2 703综放工作面的实际应用,提出了向采空区预埋管注三相泡沫的方案,并成功地防治了该面的煤炭自燃.     

圆柱形容器中垂直激励的弱黏性流体界面波

利用两时间尺度的摄动展开法,研究了在圆柱形容器中由垂直强迫激励引起的两种互不相容液体的弱黏性流体界面驻波运动.假设在圆柱形容器中的流体是不可压的,运动是无旋的,考虑了外部激励和表面张力的影响.基于弱黏性流体的假设,流场分解为外势流部分和黏性边界层部分.由相容性条件推导出振幅方程,并给出阻尼系数的解析表达式.     

某罐区低倍数固定泡沫灭火系统设计

低倍数固定泡沫灭火系统,是扑救甲、乙、丙类液体火灾普遍使用的灭火系统。该系统具有安全可靠、经济实用、灭火效率高等优点。在石油化工厂火灾危险性大的甲、乙、丙类液体的储罐区和其它危险性场所,通常使用固定泡沫灭火系统进行消防。根据某石油化工厂丙烯腈储罐区低倍数泡沫灭火系统工程实例,介绍了固定泡沫灭火系统的设计与计算。     

油罐区低倍数泡沫灭火系统新工艺研究

本文根据油罐区消防工程实际,分析油罐低倍数泡沫灭火系统工艺设备组成,对泡沫比例混合装置的特点进行探讨。阐述了满足泡沫比例混合装置的配置要求。对传统油罐低倍数泡沫灭火系统不同形式存在的优缺点进行讨论,在此分析基础上,提出一种油罐低倍数泡沫灭火系统新工艺,使油罐消防灭火系统可靠性得到提高。     

某城区区域消防力量需求分析

该文以东部某市某城区为研究对象,在分别设定该城区区域内下辖的四个中队辖区内最不利火灾规划场景的基础上,计算了该区域对消防车辆装备类型、数量、功能的需求和人员数量的需求。在文中主要设定了4个最不利火灾规划场景,在此基础上计算了四个消防中队分别到达四个设定的场景地点的距离以及分别到达四个设定场景地点展开灭火所需时间。以此为基础,对这四个设定的场景消防流量需求进行了计算,以期为科学合理的制定消防灭火战术提供支持。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with