日本肝癌疫苗临床效果良好

日本细胞制药公司前些时候宣布,临床试验显示该公司利用肝癌患者自身癌变组织生产的一种治疗性疫苗,可有效防止患者肝癌复发,延长寿命。据共同社报道,细胞制药公司生产的这种治疗性疫苗是日本理化研究所、中国中山医科大学等单位的共同研究成果。制作疫苗利用的是肝癌患者通过手术切除的癌组织样本。研究人员从中提取2克样本,将其粉碎后与免疫激活剂和生理盐水混合,再分3次注射到提供样本的患者身上。在中山医科大学进行的临床试验中,研究人员以乙型肝炎转化为肝癌并接受了手术的患者为对象进行比较研究。结果显示,没有接受这种疫苗治疗的2 …     

肿瘤生物治疗研究进展

生物治疗是应用生物技术对各种疾病(诸如恶性肿瘤、先天性遗传病、传染性疾病、心血管疾病、风湿免疫性疾病等)进行治疗的一种新的治疗手段。生物治疗研究范围非常广泛,主要包括基因治疗、免疫治疗(过继免疫治疗、疫苗治疗、抗体治疗、细胞因子治疗等)、抗血管生成治疗、干细胞治疗、诱导分化及凋亡、内分泌治疗等,下面主要就肿瘤基因治疗、免疫治疗和抗血管生成治疗的现状和发展进行阐述。     

放射治疗在宫颈癌综合治疗中的应用进展

放射治疗在宫颈癌的治疗中应用广泛,是各期患者综合治疗的重要组成部分。放疗与手术、化疗等治疗手段结合的综合治疗模式多样,其中同步放化疗已经成为局部晚期宫颈癌患者的治疗标准,其不同的使用方案以及在术前、术后的应用仍在进一步临床研究中。本文就宫颈癌综合治疗模式中放疗与化疗、放疗与手术结合方式的研究进展做一综述。     

肝癌复发转移的临床与实验研究进展与展望

90年代以来肝癌已成为我国第二位癌症杀手，为此肝癌的防治至关重要。至今，外科仍然是肝癌获得根治的最好疗法，但复发和转移是进一步改善预后的障碍，近年复发和转移的研究已成为包括肝癌在内所有实体瘤的研究热点。本文复习相关文献，并重点叙述我所的有关工作。临床方面，对亚临床期复发的再切除是进一步提高疗效的有效途径，但复发的预防则困难得多，化疗/免疫/栓塞治疗可能有助。实验研究方面，已建成裸鼠人肝癌高转移模型，研究了与侵袭性相关的分子水平变化（如c-erb-B2、p16、p21、p53、mdm2、VEGF、TGFa、EGF受体、MMP-2、ICAM-1等与侵袭性呈正相关，而nm23-H1、TIMP-2、整合素a5、Kai-1等则与侵袭性呈负相关），并探索了使用反义H-ras、抗HBx/抗CD3的双功能抗体、TNF与TK基因的基因治疗，BB94（基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂）、TNP-470（抗血管生成）等的干预治疗。预期生物治疗、基于分子生物学发现所设计的新疗法、综合干预等可能重要，而针对肿瘤血管的控制对肝癌可能有特殊意义。     

全新结构抗肿瘤药物TNBG对裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制作用及药物毒副作用初步评价

目的观察TNBG对人肝癌细胞株QGY-7701裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制情况,初步评估药物的毒副作用。方法采用裸鼠复制人肝癌移植瘤模型。实验分对照组和给药组,腹腔注射给药,持续5周。治疗期间定期测量肿瘤大小,观察裸鼠生存状况。实验结束时处死裸鼠,测量肿瘤体积计算抑瘤率;眼眶取血,分离血清检测血脂、肝、肾功能;摘取裸鼠肿瘤及主要脏器组织作苏丹Ⅲ染色观察脂质沉积情况。结果TNBG对移植瘤的抑瘤率为60．1％;各实验组裸鼠血脂、肝、肾功检测与对照组比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;苏丹Ⅲ染色显示给药组裸鼠主要脏器组织内无脂质沉积,而肿瘤组织中可见大量脂质沉积。结论TNBG对人肝癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤有较明显的抑制作用,毒副作用小,抗肿瘤作用具有选择性。     

靶向CD133的RNA干扰对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的生长抑制作用

目的利用RNA干扰技术下调SMMC-7721肝癌细胞中CD133的表达,观察其在肝癌细胞增殖和侵袭方面的作用.方法构建CD133特异性的siRNA真核表达载体,转染SMMC-7721肝癌细胞并筛选出稳定表达siRNA的转染克隆;应用RT-PCR和Western blot检测CD133 mRNA和蛋白的表达;流式细胞仪检...     

帕金森病治疗的新策略

以左旋多巴为主的替代疗法仍然在当今临床治疗帕金森病中扮演主要角色。近年来随着现代科技的发展和人们对帕金森病发病的病因和病理的再认识,以神经保护性治疗为主的一些新的治疗方案正日渐成熟并在逐步走向临床,而与此同时另一些新的治疗方案和药物正在不断被提出和研制。可以预期这些新疗法的实施将会为有效地缓解帕金森病病人的痛苦和延缓疾病的进展作为贡献。本文旨的对方面的研究作一介绍。     

环磷酰胺抑瘤作用及含药血清对肿瘤细胞凋亡水平的影响

目的:采用小鼠腋下接种瘤株的方法,建立肝癌荷瘤小鼠动物模型;利用血清药理学的方法,观察环磷酰胺(CTX)舍药血清体外的抑制肿瘤细胞生长及调亡作用的研究.方法 :小鼠肝癌细胞混悬液用生理盐水按1:1进行稀释制成含瘤腹水混悬液,在给药前24 h,每只小鼠腋窝皮下接种0.2 ml.CTX对小鼠肝癌抑瘤实验连续给药10 d,测定肿瘤作用端粒酶活性与细胞凋亡表达.结果:(1)CTX能够明显抑制肝癌肿瘤的生长(P＜0.01);(2)30%、20%和10%含药血清高中低剂量含药血清对HepG2肿瘤细胞具有明显的抑瘤作用,Hochest染色肿瘤细胞出现凋亡形态;而流式细胞仪检测可见含药血清高中低剂量的促肿瘤凋亡率,明显高于正常血清组.CTX能够明显升高肝癌荷瘤小鼠体内bc1-2的水平(P＜0.01);(3)CTX能够明显促进肝癌细胞的凋亡.结论 :CTX具有抑制小鼠肝癌的作用;能够明显促进肝癌细胞的凋亡;CTX的抑瘤作用可能与升高动物体内的bcl-2水平及促进癌细胞的凋亡有关,从而表现抗肿瘤的作用.     

携SiRNA的聚乳酸羟基乙酸微球对Bel-7402/5-Fu细胞MDR1基因沉默作用的研究

目的 探讨携SiRNA的聚乳酸羟基乙酸(PLGA)微球通过沉默肝癌耐药细胞多药耐药基因(MDR1)基因,实现肝癌耐药的逆转.方法 合成针对MDR1的RNA干扰小片段(SiRNA),通过超声复乳法制备携药微球,转染肝癌耐药细胞Bel-7402/5 -Fu.运用Real-time PCR与Western blot方法,通过检测其mRNA及P糖蛋白表达水平,评价RNA干扰对MDR1表达的影响.MTT法检测RNA干扰逆转Bel-7402/5 Fu细胞对药性的效果,通过实验组细胞和对照组细胞之间的半数抑制剂量(IC50),计算RNA干扰组细胞的耐药逆转倍数.结果 在肝癌耐药细胞Bel-7402/5-Fu中,RNA干扰明显抑制了MDR1 mRNA和蛋白产物P糖蛋白的表达水平,且出现了P糖蛋白的持续低表达.MTT法显示,相同药物浓度下,实验组细胞生长明显受到抑制,表明其耐药性明显下降,其对药逆转倍数为11.56.结论 携SiRNA的PLGA微球能够有效减少肝癌耐药细胞Bel-7402/5-Fu的MDR1mRNA及P糖蛋白的表达水平,降低其耐药性.     

肝癌细胞系Hep3B中CD133+细胞亚群的分离及其特性的研究

目的研究CD133在人肝癌细胞系Hep3B中的表达以及CD133+细胞的体外增殖、自我更新及体内成瘤能力,初步探讨肝癌中CD133+细胞亚群的干细胞特性。方法流式细胞仪检测未分选的Hep3B细胞中CD133+细胞表达情况;免疫磁珠分选技术纯化CD133+肿瘤细胞;MTT法检测CD133+细胞体外增殖能力;无血清培养纯化...     

Vasopressin antagonists

Effects of vasopressin via V1a- and V2-receptors are closely implicated in a variety of water-retaining diseases and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, hyponatraemia, hypertension, renal diseases, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, cirrhosis and ocular hypertension. As vasopressin receptors are found in many different tissues, vasopressin antagonists may benefit the treatment of disorders such as cerebral ischaemia and stroke, Raynaud’s disease, dysmenorrhoea and tocolytic treatment. V1b selective vasopressin antagonists are discussed in terms of their usefulness in the treatment of emotional and psychiatric disorders. The vaptans are vasopressin receptor antagonists with V1a (relcovaptan) or V2 (tolvaptan, lixivaptan) selectivity or non-selective activity (conivaptan) which may be advantageous in some disorders. The V1a/V2 non-selective vasopressin antagonist conivaptan is the first vaptan which is approved by the FDA for the treatment of euvolaemic hyponatraemia. Received 3 February 2006; received after revision 16 March 2006; accepted 26 April 2006     

Effect of chronic alloxan diabetes and insulin administration on intestinal brush border enzymes.

Brush border sucrase and lactase activities are significantly elevated in alloxan-induced chronic diabetes and are restored to control levels after insulin treatment. Alkaline phosphatase and Mg-ATPase levels remain unchanged in diabetes, compared to a control group. Insulin treatment alone to control animals also led to enhanced activities of these enzymes.     

Effect of chronic alloxan diabetes and insulin administration on intestinal brush border enzymes

Summary Brush border sucrase and lactase activities are significantly elevated in alloxan-induced chronic diabetes and are restored to control levels after insulin treatment. Alkaline phosphatase and Mg-ATPase levels remain unchanged in diabetes, compared to a control group. Insulin treatment alone to control animals also led to enhanced activities of these enzymes.     

MicroRNA-mediated gene regulations in human sarcomas

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with mesenchymal origins. Sarcomas are broadly classified into bone and soft tissue sarcomas with over 50 subtypes. Despite recent advances in sarcoma classification and treatment strategies, the prognosis of some aggressive sarcoma types remains poor due to treatment infectiveness and development of drug resistance. A better understanding of sarcoma pathobiology will significantly increase the potential for the development of therapeutics and treatment strategies. Recently, expressions of microRNAs (miRNA), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have been found to be deregulated in many sarcomas and are implicated in sarcoma pathobiology. Comprehensive understanding of gene regulatory networks mediated by miRNAs in each sarcoma type and the conservation of some shared/conserved miRNA-gene networks could be potentially investigated in the prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and as multi-modal treatment options in these cancers. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of miRNA–gene regulatory networks in various sarcoma types and give a perspective of the complex multilayer miRNA-mediated gene regulation in sarcomas.     

Effects of oral contraceptive steroids (norethisterone/mestranol) on the activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in iron-deficient anemic rats

Either oral contraceptive steroid (norethisterone/mestranol; N/M) treatment or iron-deficiency (Fe(-] anemia alone caused an increase in NADPH cytochrome c reductase and in three hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities in female rats. When N/M treatment and the Fe(-) diet are combined, no further change in hepatic enzyme activity is seen compared with that with either treatment alone.     

On glioblastoma and the search for a cure: where do we stand?

Although brain tumours have been documented and recorded since the nineteenth century, 2016 marked 90 years since Percival Bailey and Harvey Cushing coined the term “glioblastoma multiforme”. Since that time, although extensive developments in diagnosis and treatment have been made, relatively little improvement on prognosis has been achieved. The resilience of GBM thus makes treating this tumour one of the biggest challenges currently faced by neuro-oncology. Aggressive and robust development, coupled with difficulties of complete resection, drug delivery and therapeutic resistance to treatment are some of the main issues that this nemesis presents today. Current treatments are far from satisfactory with poor prognosis, and focus on palliative management rather than curative intervention. However, therapeutic research leading to developments in novel treatment stratagems show promise in combating this disease. Here we present a review on GBM, looking at the history and advances which have shaped neurosurgery over the last century that cumulate to the present day management of GBM, while also exploring future perspectives in treatment options that could lead to new treatments on the road to a cure.     

膜分离处理印染废水研究进展

印染废水具有水量大、色度高、成分复杂、环境污染严重等特点。膜分离技术处理印染废水具有选择性好、生产效率高和处理成本低等特点。基于对近年来的文献调研,综述了膜分离技术在印染废水处理中的研究进展情况,指出了膜分离法处理印染废水还存在的主要问题和未来发展方向,并对膜分离技术处理印染废水应用前景作了展望。     

Activation of stress signalling pathways enhances tolerance of fungi to chemical fungicides and antifungal proteins

Fungal disease is an increasing problem in both agriculture and human health. Treatment of human fungal disease involves the use of chemical fungicides, which generally target the integrity of the fungal plasma membrane or cell wall. Chemical fungicides used for the treatment of plant disease, have more diverse mechanisms of action including inhibition of sterol biosynthesis, microtubule assembly and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, these treatments have limitations, including toxicity and the emergence of resistance. This has led to increased interest in the use of antimicrobial peptides for the treatment of fungal disease in both plants and humans. Antimicrobial peptides are a diverse group of molecules with differing mechanisms of action, many of which remain poorly understood. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly apparent that stress response pathways are involved in the tolerance of fungi to both chemical fungicides and antimicrobial peptides. These signalling pathways such as the cell wall integrity and high-osmolarity glycerol pathway are triggered by stimuli, such as cell wall instability, changes in osmolarity and production of reactive oxygen species. Here we review stress signalling induced by treatment of fungi with chemical fungicides and antifungal peptides. Study of these pathways gives insight into how these molecules exert their antifungal effect and also into the mechanisms used by fungi to tolerate sub-lethal treatment by these molecules. Inactivation of stress response pathways represents a potential method of increasing the efficacy of antifungal molecules.     

塑料排水板堆载预压软基处理变形观察分析

采用塑料排水板堆载预压法对某软土路基工程进行处理,对路基变形及孔隙水压力等进行了严密观测;同时采取浅层沉降监测、深层沉降监测、孔隙水压力监测、地下水位观测等手段,以及地表沉降、孔隙水压力等变化规律,推算出预压荷载下的最终沉降量和固结度,深入分析塑料排水板堆载预压软土地基处理方法的加固效果。分析结果表明,该方法能有效地加快软基的固结沉降,提高地基土的稳定性和承载力,可供软土地基处理设计与施工参考。