Isolation and identification of Sclerotinia stem rot causal pathogen in Arabidopsis thaliana

A new stem rot disease is found to occur naturally on Arabidopsis plants in greenhouses of Fuzhou, China. In order to identify its pathogen, we conducted a series of fungal isolation and purification, plant reinoculation, and ascus and ascospore induction from the sclerotia. The isolate caused typical water-soaked lesions after reinoculation and produced sclerotia both on Arabidopsis plants and culture medium plates, and the sclerotia could be induced to produce discal apothecia and 8 binucleate ascospores per ascus. These disease symptom and fungal morphology data revealed that the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum （Lib.） de Bary was the pathogen for Arabidopsis stem rot. To confirm this, we further amplified its large subunit ribosomal DNA （LSU rDNA） by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, and compared the sequence with the known LSU rDNA sequences in GenBank. The results show that the sequence shares the highest identities with the LSU rDNAs of different S. sclerotiorum strains. Taking all these data together, we concluded that the fungus that caused the Arabidopsis stem rot is S. sclerotiorum （Lib.） de Bary. This is the first report that Arabidopsis is naturally infected by S. sclerotiorum.     

驾驶行为对重型柴油车实际道路行驶排放测试的影响

为探究驾驶行为对重型柴油车实际行驶污染物排放的影响,利用车载便携式排放测试系统(PMES,portable emissions measurement system)对3辆车分别进行了平稳驾驶、正常驾驶和激烈驾驶共9次PEMS试验.对每辆车前后3次试验的市区、市郊、高速路段和总行程路段动力学参数v·apos[95]和比排放进行了计算,并利用动力学参数v·apos[95]对污染物排放特性影响进行了深入分析.结果表明:相较于平稳驾驶,正常驾驶和激烈驾驶行为下3辆车NOx比排放增加33.73％～621.10％,PN比排放增加21.26％～122.40％;同时CO比排放与车辆动力学参数v·apos[95]之间无明显影响关系,市郊、高速路段NOx比排放和PN比排放与车辆动力学参数v·apos[95]存在较强的相关性,可见其驾驶行为对车辆排放的影响不容忽视.     

累计正海拔增量对轻型汽油车实际行驶排放试验的影响

"中国西南地区路面起伏大，对汽车实际行驶排放（real driving emission，RDE）有较大影响。为此，选择1辆满足国六排放标准的轻型汽油车在4条不同累计正海拔增量路线上进行RDE试验，分析了路段和窗口的累计正海拔增量、动力学参数v·a_pos[95]与污染物排放因子（CO、CO₂、NO_x、PN）的相关性。结果表明：在路段中，污染物排放与累计正海拔增量、v·a_pos[95]相关性不强。在窗口中，当v·a_pos[95]较大，CO排放与累计正海拔增量具有明显相关性；CO₂排放随着累计正海拔增量增大而增大，受到v·a_pos[95]影响较小；NO_x排放与累计正海拔增量、v·a_pos[95]明显不相关；当v·a_pos[95]较大，PN排放与累计正海拔增量具有明显相关性，当v·a_pos[95]较小，PN排放与累计正海拔增量明显不相关。建议对市区、市郊和高速路段的累计正海拔增量分段设限。 "     

好氧反硝化菌的物理诱变法育种研究

以实验室SBR反应器分离出的好氧反硝化菌(WXZ-9)为原始菌株,分别用微波和紫外线诱变.通过反硝化性能测定筛选得到的正突变体WXZ-9-8号,96 h后的TIN去除率达到67.20%,比出发菌株WXZ-9号菌提高了7.07%,NO3--N去除率在24 h达到100%;WXZ-9-8号突变体的最大亚硝基氮还原速率达到52.89 mgNO2--N.L-1.d-1,比WXZ-9号菌株高6.90mgNO2--N.L-1.d-1.结果表明:WXZ-9-8号突变体具有更好的亚硝基氮还原酶的活性,并且比出发菌株有更好的生长适应性.     

Characteristics of Baicalin Synergy with Penicillin or Notopterygium Ethanol Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus

Introduction Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) resistance to most once powerful β-lactame antibiotics is now a severe problem world wide, so agents are urgently needed to reduce or moderate resistance to existing antibiotics. Traditional medicinal herbs …     

Genetic and physical mapping of AvrPi7, a novel avirulence gene of Magnaporthe oryzae using physical position-ready markers

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating crop diseases worldwide. The avirulence gene corresponding to rice blast resistance gene Pi7 in field isolate CHL346 was inherited as a single gene, designated AvrPi7, in a segregating population consisting of 189 ascospore progenies derived from a cross between field isolates CHL346 and CHL42. In order to determine the chromosomal location of the AvrPi7 locus, a total of 121 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed based on the whole-genome sequence of reference isolate 70-15 of M. oryzae. Linkage analysis of the locus with these SSR markers showed that eight SSR markers on chromosome 1 were linked to the locus, among which the closest flanking markers MS1-9 and MS1-15 were 3.2 and 16.4 cM from the locus, respectively. For fine mapping, additional PCR-based makers including eight SSR markers and three candidate avirulence gene (CAG) markers were developed in the region flanking both markers. The AvrPi7 locus was genetically delimited within a 1.6-cM region flanked by markers MS1-21 and MS1-22, and co-segregated with the marker CAG2. To construct a physical map of the AvrPi7 locus, molecular markers linked to the Avr gene were mapped on the supercontigs of the ref-erence isolate 70-15 through bioinformation analysis (BIA). Consequently, the AvrPi7 locus was delim-ited to a 75-kb interval flanked by markers MS1-21 and MS1-22 based on the reference sequence. Merodiploids observed in this study are also discussed.     

龙匙片降血糖作用的实验研究

【目的】龙匙方是广西壮族自治区人民医院俞祝全医生的临床经验方,本文研究其对正常小鼠及几种糖尿病模型小鼠降血糖的作用。【方法】采用链脲佐菌素致糖尿病、肾上腺素致高血糖、大剂量口服葡萄糖致高血糖小鼠模型,分别观察龙匙片对正常和糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响。【结果】高、中剂量组(11500mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)、5750mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))龙匙片对链脲佐菌素致糖尿病、肾上腺素致高血糖、大剂量口服葡萄糖致高血糖小鼠的血糖具有明显的降低作用;但高、低剂量(11500mg·kg~(~(-1))·d~(-1)、3060mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))龙匙片对正常小鼠血糖水平均无明显影响(P0.05)。【结论】龙匙片对糖尿病模型小鼠具有降低血糖的作用。     

南沙石珊瑚来源真菌Aspergillus terreus SCAU139的聚酮类代谢产物研究

为了从海洋来源真菌的次生代谢产物中寻找抗植物病原真菌药物先导结构,采用PCR扩增技术对一株南沙石珊瑚来源真菌进行种属鉴定,运用柱色谱分离方法和波谱分析手段分离鉴定该菌株的次级代谢产物,并结合滤纸片扩散法测试单体化合物的抗菌活性。菌株鉴定为Aspergillus terreus,从其代谢产物中分离鉴定出7个已知化合物,分别为4-hydroxy-3-（3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl）-benzaldehyde（1）、terrein（2）、4-hydroxybenzaldehyde（3）,monacolin K（4）、butyrolactone I（5）、pernolide D（6）、hydroxysulochrin（7）,以上单体化合物对苹果黑点致病菌Alternaria alternate和菠萝黑心致病菌Curvularia australiensis的生长无明显抑制效果。石珊瑚来源真菌的次级代谢产物含有多种结构类型的聚酮类化合物。     

一株产菌核青霉的生物学特性研究

从土壤样品中分离到73株青霉,从中筛选出能够产生菌核的Q1菌株.通过菌落形态和个体形态特征的观察,初步将Q1菌株鉴定到青霉属汤姆青霉系(Penicillium thomil series).实验结果表明Q1菌株形成菌核的最适温度为25℃,最适pH为6.5,麦芽汁培养基为最适培养基.供试的4种无机盐中,K_2HPO_4的单因子效应最好,说明K_2HPO_4对于Q1菌株的茼核形成有重要作用.培养基的碳氮源对Q1菌株的菌核生物量有较大影响,麦芽糖是最好的碳源,酵母膏是最好的氮源.培养基的含碳量保持在20 g/L,含氮量保持在0.24 g/L～0.48 g/L时,对Q1菌株菌核形成有利.     

毛郁金乙醇提取物降血脂作用研究

【目的】研究毛郁金(Curcuma aromatica)乙醇提取物降血脂作用,为其综合开发利用提供依据。【方法】通过高脂饲料喂养及脂肪乳剂灌胃,建立高脂血症大鼠模型,连续3周给予毛郁金乙醇提取物进行治疗,设正常组、高脂模型组、辛伐他汀组和毛郁金乙醇提取物高、中、低剂量(生药18g·kg-1·d-1,12g·kg-1·d-1,6g·kg-1·d-1)组,以动物实验研究毛郁金乙醇提取物降血脂的作用。【结果】毛郁金乙醇提取物可降低大鼠血清总胆固醇(CHOL)、三酰甘油(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的含量,并提高血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)含量,对血清CHOL、LDL-C的降低作用:高中低剂量组,中剂量组对降低TG、升高HDL-C含量具有较好作用,毛郁金各给药组均对大鼠血清LDL-C含量有极显著降低作用。【结论】毛郁金乙醇提取物具有明显的降血脂作用。     

淡水养殖鱼类中香港海鸥型菌Laribacter hongkongensis的分离和鉴定

首次从广东省淡水养殖鱼类肠道中分离到了引致人类严重腹泻的新现病原菌-香港海鸥型菌,描述了该菌的培养特性、菌落特征和菌体形态,并进行了理化鉴定;初步研究了该菌对抗生素的抗性谱.     

一株有抗菌活性的云南重楼植物内生真菌的鉴定

首次从云南重楼植物中分离得到的1株内生真菌(编号c 196),发现它对多种病原菌有抗菌活性.通过进一步对其培养特征,显微形态特征,电镜扫描特征的观察以及ITS序列测定和系统发育树构建与分析,发现该菌与巴西青霉(P.brasilianum)的赫昆青霉(P.paraherquei)的亲缘关系最为接近,相似性为99.6%,但形态特征存在差别,c 196菌株的分生孢子小梗有1~3个分支,而巴西青霉和赫昆青霉[1,2]的分生孢子小梗都是4~7个分支.因此我们建议将其定为P.paraherquei的1个变种———赫昆青霉云南变种(Penicillium para-herqueivar.yunnanensisn.var Sun et Chen).     

Cloning and characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">UL</Emphasis>34 gene of pseudorabies virus HB isolate

In this study, China isolate HB of pseudorabies virus (PRV) was confirmed and genotypically characterized by amplifying and sequencing of partial UL34, a conservative gene involved in the egress of nucleocapsids from the nucleus, for phylogenetic analysis. The open reading frame (orf) of UL34 of PRV HB isolate is composed of 786 nucleotides, which encoded 262 amino acids. In addition, a potential transmembrane domain (241-260 aa) and 11 potential phosphorylation sites were also found in the UL34 of PRV HB isolate. Multiple amino acids alignment indicated that UL34 proteins of PRV strains derived from different geographic origins were highly conservative, but some mutations were also found. Phylogenetic analysis based on UL34 protein indicated that PRV HB strain was evolutionarily distinct from other recent China strains sequenced so far, forming a single clade within the phylogeny. Moreover, PRV HB isolate had close evolutionary relationship with BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 within the Alphaherpesvirinae. Taken together, these results indicated that PRV strains were in the progress of evolution. This study has expanded the knowledge of genetic profiles of PRV strains.     

行程动力学参数与污染物排放特性的相关性分析

为了探讨行程动力学参数v·apos[95]和RPA(relative positive acceleration)对轻型汽油车在实际行驶排放试验(RDE,real driving emission)中排放特性的影响,采用OBS-ONE便携式车载排放测试系统(PEMS,portable emission measure system)对3辆国Ⅵ轻型汽油车进行了平顺、正常和激烈3种驾驶行为的实际行驶排放试验,计算各路段的窗口行程动力学参数和法规规定的行程动力学参数,并与各污染物排放特性的相关性进行对比分析.结果表明:相比法规规定的行程动力学参数,窗口的行程动力学参数v·apos[95]和RPA与3辆车的CO、PN排放因子有更强的相关性,在市区、市郊和高速路段下的相关系数波动幅度分别下降25％ ～44％、38％ ～64％ 和73％ ～96％,且N O x排放因子只与窗口的RPA有较强的相关性.其结论是窗口的行程动力学参数v·apos[95]和RPA与污染物排放因子的相关性更加明显,能更好地反映不同驾驶行为下各污染物的排放水平.     

码相位估计辅助m-序列串行捕获

提出了一种扩频序列捕获的改进算法．针对没有任何先验码相位信息的直扩m-序列,利用一个特殊序列与输入信号互相关来粗略估计出它的相位,同时利用短时内信道的平稳和时不变特性,由两次的互相关值得出本地伪随机序列产生器的改进方向．这种方法克服了串行捕获速度慢的缺点,有效地提高了捕获速度．采用流图法给出了本算法平均捕获时间的闭式解．理论分析和计算机模拟表明,对于周期1023以上的长伪随机序列,该算法在正常工作条件下与常规双路串行捕获方法相比至少可缩短平均捕获时间一半以上,且性能改善随着伪随机序列周期N和惩罚因子k的增大而增大,随着信噪比的降低而减小．     

甘蔗糖蜜总糖中提高蔗糖纯度的菌株分离鉴定及生物纯化性能

从甘蔗糖厂周边环境采集污泥、土壤及污水样品,通过甘蔗糖蜜纯化发酵试验筛选提高甘蔗糖蜜总糖中蔗糖纯度的菌株,并对菌株进行形态观察、生理生化特征比较和26SrDNA基因序列同源性分析鉴定。结果筛选获得1株提高甘蔗糖蜜总糖中蔗糖纯度的菌株m-6。菌株m-6纯化发酵10h,甘蔗糖蜜中葡萄糖、果糖的去除比例分别为96.5%、100%,蔗糖在糖蜜总糖中的纯度由初始的55.6%提高至85.7%,菌株m-6对甘蔗糖蜜有良好生物纯化作用。菌株m-6属于库德毕赤酵母(Pichia kudriavzevii)。     

鸡蛋花鞘锈菌重寄生真菌的种类鉴定及其寄主范围测定

鉴定鸡蛋花鞘锈菌Coleosporium plumeriae重寄生真菌的种类,明确其寄主范围,为鸡蛋花锈病及其他植物锈病的生物防治提供依据。通过分离和纯化鸡蛋花锈病叶背夏孢子堆上的重寄生真菌,经单孢纯化获得12个单孢菌株,其菌落及分生孢子特征一致,菌落白色,分生孢子近圆形或卵圆形,单胞,无色,呈头状聚生在分生孢子梗顶端。选取菌株PR-CPH1作为代表,分析3个片段的核苷酸序列,PR-CPH1的ITS(MW505984)、SSU(MW505988)和LSU(MW505987)序列与Simplicillium subtropicum的ITS(AB603990)、SSU(LC496895)和LSU(LC496880)序列的一致性分别为99.00%、98.11%和98.11%。系统发育树分析发现,菌株PR-CPH1的ITS-SSU-LSU联合序列与S.subtropicum(菌株号：JCM18180)聚在同一个分支。结合形态特征和ITS、SSU、LSU的序列分析,鉴定鸡蛋花鞘锈菌重寄生真菌为S.subtropicum。测定S.subtropicum寄主范围的结果显示,在8种植物锈菌中,菌株PR...     

降解低浓度二氧化硫废气的菌株分离及其固定化研究

 从硫泉中分离得到17株细菌,用碘量法测定了它们氧化降解SO₂的性能.结果表明,菌株R-1氧化降解性能较强,经鉴定,R-1是氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans).用海藻酸钠(sodiumalginate)进行固定化包埋试验,通过单因素分析,确定了最佳包埋条件.用上柱通气法测定其净化气相SO₂的能力,其氧化降解SO₂的效率最高达97.01%.结果显示,利用固定化细菌净化低浓度SO₂烟气具可行性,但对其稳定性尚待进一步研究.     

葡聚糖产生菌(Leuoconostoc mesenteroides)发酵培养基优化初步研究

采用单一因素确定法研究分离自明阳糖厂的一株肠膜明串珠菌菌株摇瓶发酵生产葡聚糖的适宜培养基 ,结果得到适宜培养基的组分为 :蔗糖 1 0 %、酵母膏 0 .4%、磷酸氢二铵0 .6%、磷酸二氢钾 0 .1 %、硫酸镁 0 .1 %、Mn Cl2 · 4H2 O0 .0 0 0 3%、Zn SO4· 7H2 O0 .0 0 0 5%、Fe SO4· 7H2 O0 .0 0 5%、Ca Cl2 · 2 H2 O0 .0 0 2 %。     

A miniature insertion element transposable in Microcystis sp. FACHB 854

A 186-bp sequence with imperfect terminal inverted repeats and target direct repeats but without any transposase-encoding capacity was found to be transposable in an isolate derived from Microcystis sp. FACHB 854. This miniature insertion element, designated as ISM854-1, and with its homologues present at least 10 copies in the genome of Microcystis FACHB 854, is inserted into the 8-bp long and AT-rich target sequences, but none or few in other Microcystis strains. A variant of ISM854-1, denoted ISM854-1A, has perfect inverted repeat sequences and may transpose in pairs in a structure like a composite transposon. This is the first report of non-autonomous transposition of a mini-IS in a cyanobacterium.