长持时爆炸冲击波作用下钢梁动力响应分析

大规模爆炸时引起的长持时平面爆炸波会造成结构的整体破坏,这与接触爆炸或近场爆炸的破坏模式有显著差异,但相关研究不多。为研究长持时冲击波作用下钢梁的动力响应,首先基于耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法建立了大型数值激波管模型,然后采用该数值激波管得到作用在钢梁上的反射超压时程,最后通过显示动力学方法研究了冲击波入射方向、持时、超压等参数对钢梁破坏模式的影响规律。结果表明：本文提出的数值激波管模型能较好的模拟长持时爆炸波的绕射现象,可得到可靠的反射超压和冲量时程;随着冲击波入射角度的增加,简支钢梁跨中位移增大;冲击波超压峰值相同时,随着持时的增加,简支梁跨中的最大位移有增大的趋势,而最大位移的增长速率则会变缓;简支钢梁在长持时爆炸冲击波作用下容易发射受弯破坏,而梁跨中翼缘板会出现局部屈曲现象。     

燃烧法合成纳米长余辉发光材料BaAl2O4: Eu, Nd

目的：应用快速简便的方法制备纳米新型长余辉发光材料。方法：首次利用金属硝酸盐和络合还原剂发生氧化还原反应，燃烧合成了蓝绿色纳米级长余辉发光材料BaAl2O4:Eu,Nd，生成的材料进行了XRD和TEM分析，结果：材料粒子直径为30－70nm，平均为40nm左右，与此同时，发光材料的发射峰位置发生了显著的蓝移。结论：燃烧法是制备纳米发光材料的快速有效的方法。     

Orientation-specific cortical responses develop in early infancy

Neurones in the visual cortex of higher mammals differ from those elsewhere in the visual pathway in that the majority respond selectively to particular edge or bar orientations in the stimulus. We have developed a visually evoked potential (VEP) technique which isolates the response of orientation-selective mechanisms from that of cortical or sub-cortical neurones which lack orientation selectivity. We are unable to find such orientation-selective responses in newborn human infants within the sensitivity of our method, but repeated longitudinal testing of individual infants shows that measurable responses emerge around 6 weeks of age. This result is consistent with the idea that human cortical visual function is very immature at birth, but develops rapidly in the first two postnatal months.     

长联大跨连续梁桥锁死销减震布设方法研究

为明确长联大跨连续梁桥应用锁死销减震的布设方法,以某铁路主桥(62.5+5×96+62.5)m连续梁桥为工程背景,利用ANSYS建立整体有限元模型,以四种地震波为激励源,对不同锁死销布设数量连续梁桥的地震响应进行非线性时程分析,探求连续梁桥滑动墩墩顶锁死销布设数量的取值范围,进一步以不同墩高、不同跨数的连续梁桥为研究对象,对研究所得锁死销布设数量取值范围进行适用性分析,并研究了锁死销最佳布设位置.结果表明:长联大跨连续梁桥利用锁死销减震可明显改善连续梁桥抗震性能,锁死销布设数量取值范围较为宽泛.当锁死销布设数量小于墩台数量时,在固定墩两侧及紧邻端部墩台的桥墩上进行锁死销布设可取得最佳减震效果.     

Somatosensory basis of speech production

The hypothesis that speech goals are defined acoustically and maintained by auditory feedback is a central idea in speech production research. An alternative proposal is that speech production is organized in terms of control signals that subserve movements and associated vocal-tract configurations. Indeed, the capacity for intelligible speech by deaf speakers suggests that somatosensory inputs related to movement play a role in speech production-but studies that might have documented a somatosensory component have been equivocal. For example, mechanical perturbations that have altered somatosensory feedback have simultaneously altered acoustics. Hence, any adaptation observed under these conditions may have been a consequence of acoustic change. Here we show that somatosensory information on its own is fundamental to the achievement of speech movements. This demonstration involves a dissociation of somatosensory and auditory feedback during speech production. Over time, subjects correct for the effects of a complex mechanical load that alters jaw movements (and hence somatosensory feedback), but which has no measurable or perceptible effect on acoustic output. The findings indicate that the positions of speech articulators and associated somatosensory inputs constitute a goal of speech movements that is wholly separate from the sounds produced.     

Selective responses of visual cortical cells do not depend on shunting inhibition

Theoretical analyses of the electrical behaviour of the highly branched processes of nerve cells has focused attention on the possibility that single cells perform complex logical operations rather than simply summing their synaptic inputs. In particular, it has been suggested that the orientation and direction selectivity of cells in the visual cortex results from the action of a nonlinear 'shunting' inhibition that emulates an AND-NOT logical operation. The characteristic biophysical feature of this proposed inhibitory mechanism is that it evokes a large and relatively sustained increase in the conductance of the neuronal membrane while leaving the membrane potential unaffected. This shunting mechanism contrasts with linear 'summative' inhibition in which conductance changes are less prominent, and inhibition is achieved by hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. In a direct experimental test of the hypothesis that the selectivity of visual cortical neurons depends on shunting inhibition we found no evidence for the large conductance changes predicted by the theory.     

粘滞性阻尼器在高速铁路长联大跨连续梁中的应用

以杭州钱江铁路新桥主桥(45+65+14×80+65+45)m预应力混凝土连续箱梁为工程背景,利用有限元软件Midas/civil建立有限元模型。采用非线性时程分析方法计算设置粘滞性阻尼器前后墩底反力和墩顶位移的变化,从而评价粘滞性阻尼器对提升桥梁抗震性能的作用。结果表明:粘滞性阻尼器的合理设置可以减小制动墩内力,提升高速铁路长联大跨连续梁的抗震性能。     

Auditory cortical responses in the cat to sounds that produce spatial illusions.

Humans and cats can localize a sound source accurately if its spectrum is fairly broad and flat, as is typical of most natural sounds. However, if sounds are filtered to reduce the width of the spectrum, they result in illusions of sources that are very different from the actual locations, particularly in the up/down and front/back dimensions. Such illusions reveal that the auditory system relies on specific characteristics of sound spectra to obtain cues for localization. In the auditory cortex of cats, temporal firing patterns of neurons can signal the locations of broad-band sounds. Here we show that such spike patterns systematically mislocalize sounds that have been passed through a narrow-band filter. Both correct and incorrect locations signalled by neurons can be predicted quantitatively by a model of spectral processing that also predicts correct and incorrect localization judgements by human listeners. Similar cortical mechanisms, if present in humans, could underlie human auditory spatial perception.     

体感游戏对体育休闲运动的作用

针对体感游戏运动性、愉悦性、安全性等特点,运用文献资料法和访谈法,对体感游戏和体育的关联和作用进行了研究,给出了体感游戏的体育价值和体育潜能,并从体育参与的角度探讨了体感游戏对学校体育、家庭体育、社区体育的辅助性和推动性作用.     

基于体感的突围赛游戏设计和实现

为提高老年人生活品质和改善躯体功能性障碍人士的健康, 提出了一种新的基于体感的游戏。该游戏由CMOS（Complementory Metal Oxide Semiconductor）传感器、 肤色检测和运动控制等组成。单片机配置OV9650传感器后, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)模块读入获取的用户手部图像数据, 将样本图像导入Matlab仿真计算, 以便确定肤色识别范围。游戏过程中, 空中移动手控制屏幕下方的滑板, 使运动的红色小球反弹碰撞上方的砖块。实验结果表明, 在合适的室内光线下, 游戏运行流畅, 有良好的人机交互性。     

电刺激大鼠mPFC对听皮层神经元听反应的影响

实验在40只成年SD大鼠上进行,使用常规电生理学方法,观察了电刺激大鼠内侧额叶前皮质(medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC)对听皮层神经元听反应的影响.在122个神经元上观察了电刺激mPFC对听反应的影响.对其中93个神经元作了详细分析发现,有73个神经元的听反应受到易化（39个,41.9%）或抑制（34个,36.6%）.刺激mPFC对听反应的影响存在最佳刺激间隔,大多数神经元（51个,69%）在10~15 ms之间.结果提示,大鼠mPFC可对听皮层神经元的听反应调制,这种调制可能是通过多级神经元环路实现的.     

基于模糊逻辑的体感算法动感逼真度研究

经典洗出算法存在模拟逼真度不足、惯性虚假暗示和参数设置保守等问题,对洗出算法倾斜协调通道重新设计,改变低通加速度信号的输入效果,大大提高了模拟逼真度,消除了惯性虚假暗示;结合人体感知误差反馈和平台位置用模糊逻辑对滤波器参数进行实时调节,有效克服了经典洗出算法参数设置保守的缺陷,提高平台空间利用率;最后在SIMULINK中对改进洗出算法进行建模仿真,验证其有效性和可靠性。验证表明,优化后的洗出算法提高了模拟逼真度,消除了虚假暗示,提高了空间利用率。     

朱雀卫星伽玛暴持续时间的分布

伽玛暴持续时间的分布是对伽玛暴进行分类的一个依据。本文利用高斯混合模型和最大期望算法对朱雀卫星2005年至2014年在轨运行期间所探测到的741个伽玛暴持续时间的分布进行了分析,同时利用贝叶斯信息准则比较了具有不同高斯成分个数的模型。分析结果支持双高斯成分的模型比其他模型更好的描述了朱雀卫星所探测到的伽玛暴持续时间的分布,同时这一结论与其他卫星数据的分析结果一致,均支持存在两种类型的伽玛暴。     

The functional logic of cortical connections

Patterns of anatomical connections in the visual cortex form the structural basis for segregating features of the visual image into separate cortical areas and for communication between these areas at all levels to produce a coherent percept. Such multi-stage integration may be a common strategy throughout the cortex for producing complex behaviour.