基于SWAT模型的江西八里湖流域氮磷污染负荷研究

基于SWAT模型, 通过社会调查和统计数据获取模型所需的空间数据及污染源输入数据, 构建江西八里湖流域的氮磷负荷模拟模型, 并利用当地 2010—2014年的气象、径流和水质观测资料, 对模型进行率定和验证。依据该模型, 分别在时间和空间上对研究流域的氮磷污染物分布进行模拟。结果表明: 流域氮磷污染主要来自城镇生活源、农田施肥和畜禽养殖, 工业源最少; 氮磷负荷主要集中在汛期(5—9月), 占全年的55%, 汛期污染负荷主要受农村生活和农业施肥的面源影响, 随着降水增大等因素导致冲刷作用增强, 径流中总氮和总磷的负荷也随之增大。氮磷等营养物负荷主要分布在流域内人口密集的九江县、浔阳区和庐山区, 与对应区域大量城镇生活污水的排放相关。     

基于环境容量的入湖污染负荷削减分析

水环境污染是困扰城市发展和影响人居生活的重要因子。为探索研究河湖水环境改善措施,尤其是研究与人居环境密切相关的城市内湖水环境提升,以武汉市南湖为例,开展了典型城市公园型湖泊的水质提升问题。通过对南湖汇水范围内污染物来源的进行精细化定量解析,结果结果表明南湖入湖总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)负荷分别为835.6 t/a和92.56 t/a;污染负荷空间分布有三个典型峰值区域,其面积仅占汇水范围的10.7%,而其TN产污负荷占25.18%,总磷产污负荷占23.97%。采用狄龙模型计算得出南湖水域TN环境容量为315.2 t/a,TP环境容量为21.01 t/a。在完成城镇生活污水和底泥释放中60%TN去除和75%TP去除的基础上,同时地表径流中TN控制率达到67%、TP控制率达到87%,即TN和TP排放量控制在环境容量限值以内,可使TN浓度达到1.5 mg/L,TP浓度达到0.1 mg/L,南湖水质总体达到地表水Ⅳ类要求。基于环境容量分析的入湖污染物来源定量解析,以及进一步对汇水范围内污染负荷的空间分析,可为河湖水环境污染治理措施的合理安排提供科学依据。     

南水北调中线陕西水源区非点源总氮负荷估算

目的 估算南水北调中线陕西水源区非点源总氮污染负荷并分析其影响.方法 利用输出系数法计算水源区非点源,TN污染负荷.结果 水源区陕西汉丹江流域非点源TN约为8.2×104t/a,主要来自汉江流域.结论 非点源污染是影响陕西水源区水环境质量的一个重要方面,陕西水源区非点源污染的控制管理已刻不容缓.     

基于SWAT模型的农业施肥对梅江流域营养盐产出变化的影响分析

以梅江流域为研究区域,基于SWAT模型构建适用于该流域的氮磷污染负荷模型,模拟分析了农业施肥影响下的流域内氮、磷营养盐产出的时空分布变化特征,为该流域营养盐污染控制和综合治理提供有益参考.结果表明:1)研究区氮、磷营养盐产出的增加与农业化肥的施用有关,在时间变化上,2011年流域内总氮和总磷的产出分别增长了99.33 mg/L和17.64 mg/L,总氮、总磷负荷产出的增加主要集中在4—8月,分别占全年总产出的87.3％和68.5％;2)在空间分布上,总氮、总磷污染负荷变化的空间分布特征基本一致,均集中在研究区的中部和北部.     

西北地区城镇生活污水排放规律探究 ——以兰州市为例

采用抽样调查法,对典型城镇兰州市不同生活区域污水管网处理前端水量、水质进行检测分析,对生活污水产污系数进行核算.结果表明,城市生活污水排放与人居生活习惯及人群活动频繁度密切相关,不同生活区域污水排放量存在差异;生活污水中主要污染因子为CODCr、BOD5、氨氮、总氮、总磷、动植物油、石油类,其中CODCr、BOD5、氨...     

伊犁河流域水质量评价及防治对策研究

分析和评价了伊犁河流域各断面的水质量,并提出流域控制断面水污染防治对策.根据国家水质量评价标准,伊犁河流域背景断面水质量无污染,控制断面水质量中度污染,其中控制断面水质量污染是由工业废水和生活污水所致.建议通过制定伊犁河流域控制断面水污染负荷,限制控制断面污水排放量,实现伊犁河流域水质量安全.     

基于输出系数法的苕溪流域面源污染负荷估算

位于浙江北部的苕溪流域是浙江八大水系之一,具有典型的平原水网特征,地势平坦,水系复杂,河网密布.由于人口密集,工农业生产强度大,导致经济环境之间的矛盾日益严重,为探究苕溪流域主要污染源总氮总磷污染负荷现状,采用输出系数法对苕溪流域氮磷污染负荷进行核算,从农村生活、畜禽养殖、农业种植、水产养殖四大来源进行了统计.结果 表...     

变化情景下的漳卫南运河流域水量水质模拟

漳卫南运河流域是我国一个水资源短缺、水质恶化的典型流域.本文应用SWAT模型,结合设置的9种变化情景(包括降雨量、灌溉量、点源排放量、面源污染量),模拟了流域内主要站点(辛集、元村、合河、庆云、四女寺、临清、观台和淇门站)的径流量、总氮、总磷质量以及流域蒸散发在不同情景下的响应.结果表明:降雨量增加25%,将增加径流量147%、总氮50.2%、总磷83.3%、蒸散发8%;灌溉量减少10%,将增加径流量约4%,降低蒸散发3%;点源污染按达标排放将减少总氮24%、总磷8%;按环境容量排放将减少总氮15%、总磷9%;按排放量消减15%,将减少总氮7%、总磷15%;面源污染量减少10%,将减少总氮4%、总磷2%.为了增加入海流量、减少人海污染量,最佳情景组合(即降雨量维持现状、灌溉用水量减少20%、点源按达标排放、面源污染量减少20%),将增加径流量43.6%,总氮和总磷含量减少29.9%和14.2%.这些结论可为漳卫南运河流域的水量配置和水质污染控制措施提供一定的科学依据.     

太湖流域土地利用方式演变及其对水体氮磷负荷的影响

为研究太湖流域的水环境现状和污染特征,通过分析研究区氮磷负荷变化对土地利用方式的响应,对太湖流域各土地利用方式与氮磷负荷特征的相关性及其影响因素进行研究.结果表明:1980年至2010年,太湖流域耕地面积占比由63.89%降到47.02%;而建设用地面积占比由9.70%增加到25.16%;林地面积微缩小;水域面积微提升;草地和未利用地面积不大且变化可忽略.各土地利用状态指数D_i大小依次为:建筑用地耕地未利用地水域林地草地.太湖流域由于土地利用方式的转变带来的氮和磷排放对水体总氮(TN)负荷和总磷(TP)负荷的贡献均呈逐年递增趋势. TN在1980年3.71万t的基础上,2010年排放量增加了67.51%. TP负荷从0.33万t增加到了2010年的0.85万t.     

生物炭添加对潜流湿地污水净化效率的影响

[目的]为了提高农村生活污水的出水水质,探索利用生物炭降低污染负荷的可行性.[方法]以人工潜流湿地为研究对象,利用单因素方差分析法进行生物炭添加前后潜流湿地污水净化效率的对比,探究生物炭对潜流湿地污水系统中总磷、总氮、速效磷及氨氮质量浓度的影响,分析生物炭对潜流湿地氮、磷的吸附去除效率.[结果]1)随着生物炭添加,总磷...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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