重组人表皮生长因子促进兔烫伤创面愈合的实验研究

观察重组人表皮生长因子 (rh EGF)对兔深II度烫伤创面愈合的作用及其量效关系。将 1 5只兔随机分成 5组 ,即 3个剂量rh EGF组、rh EGF基质组及空白对照组。每只兔的背部制成 6个深II度烫伤创面 ,治疗后以烫伤创面面积的变化 ,组织学改变评价愈合效果。结果各组烫伤创面面积随伤后时间延长而逐渐缩小 ,其中以rh EGF高剂量组治疗的创面缩小最为明显。组织学检查可见经rh EGF高剂量组治疗的创面肉芽组织生长活跃 ,创面的再上皮化迅速。rh EGF可以加快烫伤创面组织愈合速度并显示出一定的量效关系 ,即高剂量组 (50 μg/g)效果最佳     

椒目仁油合用盐酸小檗碱治疗烫伤的研究

目的：考察椒目仁油对烫伤的治疗作用。方法：采用大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,创面用不同配比的椒目仁油和盐酸小檗碱进行治疗,以京万红为阳性对照药,通过观察烧伤创面愈合率、愈合时间和组织病理变化,研究椒目仁油和盐酸小檗碱合用对大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤的治疗作用。结果：烫伤伤后第6、12、18、23天合用药组的创面愈合率随椒目仁油用量的增加而增加;椒目仁油组的脱痂时间与模型组相比有显著性差异（P<0.05）;伤后第14天,椒目仁油和盐酸小檗碱（8︰1）合用组、椒目仁油组与模型组比较成纤维细胞增殖多,真皮胶原纤维排列整齐;而模型组、溶剂组真皮胶原纤维排列较紊乱,肉芽少;伤后第21d椒目仁油组新生表皮已连接成片,表皮层厚,染色深,而模型、溶剂组新生表皮未完全覆盖创面。结论：椒目仁油可增快胶原合成,促进上皮细胞增殖,加速烧伤创面愈合。     

正常人皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤动物模型的建立

利用正常人皮肤裸鼠移植模型,建立一种深Ⅱ度烫伤动物模型.首先将正常人全厚皮肤移植于裸鼠背部,待皮片完全成活后,用高压蒸气消毒锅及自制蒸气烫伤装置,以压力0.12 MPa、直径1.5 cm 在裸鼠背部植皮区作用8 s,分别于伤后24 h、2、4、6周取标本行组织学观察,观察毛囊、汗腺等皮肤附件的损伤程度、创面愈合时间及被毛生长等情况.结果表明,正常人全厚皮肤于移植后2周完全成活,具有正常的组织结构;高压蒸气作用8 s,可造成所移植皮肤组织的深Ⅱ度烫伤,创面于伤后3周愈合,6周后有少量被毛生长.该模型可成功复制正常人皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤创面,为研究创面愈合过程中皮肤附件的病理变化提供了实验工具.     

荔枝草鲜汁治疗烫伤的实验研究

目的观察荔枝草鲜汁对大鼠实验性烫伤模型的治疗作用。方法SD雄性大鼠背部脱毛后浸入85℃恒温水浴中15s,使之造成深Ⅱ度烫伤,烫伤部位外涂不同浓度的荔枝草鲜汁,同时设烧伤灵阳性对照,每隔5d用透明胶片描绘烫伤面积,以透明胶片重量为指标比较各组烫伤面积大小以及各时段的愈合情况,连续25d。结果荔枝草鲜汁高剂量组在烫伤后第5d开始、中剂量组在烫伤后第10d开始的皮肤烫伤面积的胶片重量明显轻于模型对照组（P〈0．05）;病理切片结果显示荔枝草各剂量组愈合程度明显好于模型对照组。结论荔枝草鲜汁对大鼠实验性烫伤模型有显著的治疗作用．     

无菌大鼠深二度烫伤感染金黄色葡萄球菌机体炎性反应的研究

目的 为探究无菌大鼠深二度烫伤创面感染金黄色葡萄球菌后机体的炎性反应,试验应用无菌大鼠及SPF级大鼠分别建立深二度烫伤模型和烫伤后金黄色葡萄球菌感染模型,分析愈合过程、炎性反应及病理变化。方法20只6周龄雌性Wistar无菌大鼠,在超净工作台内采用恒温恒压烫伤仪94℃作用8 s造成大鼠深二度烫伤,随机分为两组,一组伤口感染浓度为1×1~08CFU/m L金黄色葡萄球菌0. 5 m L,一组不做处理,创面保持无菌状态; 20只6周龄雌性SPF级Wistar大鼠,在相同条件下烫伤,随机分为两组,一组伤口感染浓度为1×10~8CFU/m L金黄色葡萄球菌0. 5 m L,一组不做处理。分别观察4组大鼠的伤口结痂时间、脱痂时间和愈合时间,并在烫伤前(0 h),烫伤后24 h、48 h、3d、5 d、7d、10 d、14 d时取血清,检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的变化;烫伤后24 h、3d、7 d、10 d伤口处皮肤HE染色,观察病理变化。结果 感染金黄色葡萄球菌无菌大鼠伤口脱痂及愈合时间显著短于其他3组(P<0. 05);感染金黄色葡萄球菌SPF级大鼠,结痂、脱痂及愈合时间显著长于其他3组(P<0. 05);感染金黄色葡萄球菌SPF级烫伤大鼠组由于双重损伤使血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1α水平升高,且在烫伤后72 h显著高于其他3组(P<0. 05);无菌大鼠由于对烫伤及金黄色葡萄球菌刺激反应激烈,烫伤后血清TNF-α、IL-1α和EGFR水平迅速升高,且在烫伤24 h时显著高于2组SPF大鼠(P<0. 05),在烫伤48 h时血清EGFR水平显高于两组SPF大鼠(P<0. 05)。病理显示,感染金黄色葡萄球菌SPF烫伤大鼠伤口处新生血管及肉芽组织生成时间均长于其他3组;感染金黄色葡萄球菌无菌烫伤大鼠伤口处新生血管及肉芽组织生成时间均短于其他3组。结论 无菌大鼠由于其免疫系统处于休眠状态,受到烫伤和金黄色葡萄球菌的双重刺激,迅速激活其全身免疫系统,加快了伤口愈合; SPF烫伤大鼠感染金黄色葡萄球菌后产生的多种免疫逃避分子加重了机体的炎性反应,延缓了伤口愈合。     

深Ⅱ度烫伤后小型猪皮肤愈合的组织病理学研究

目的 建立猪深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,观察皮肤在不同时间点修复的组织病理学变化。方法 通过使用恒温烫伤仪制备小型猪皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤创面。分别在第1、3、7、14、21、28天观察皮肤创伤愈合的肉眼形态学变化并进行创面愈合率的测定,根据皮肤组织愈合的规律及实验的可操作性,选择性地在第1、14、28天取样,利用HE、Masson染色及免疫组化CD31染色的方法观察皮肤在不同时间点修复的动态病理学变化。结果 通过对创面愈合率的测定,雄性猪与雌性猪相比,雄性猪烫伤创面的愈合速率较快。烫伤后皮肤组织经不同染色方法证实损伤已累积到真皮深层,达到深Ⅱ度烫伤的标准。在随后选择的第14天和28天,损伤后皮肤组织分别进行了不同程度的组织修复。深Ⅱ度烫伤28 d后,小型猪皮肤已经基本愈合,但皮肤组织还未完全成熟。除表皮各层相对成熟外,真皮层内还未完全形成瘢痕组织。结论 雄性猪与雌性猪相比,雄性猪烫伤创面的愈合速率较快。     

基因重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进创面愈合的临床研究

目的 :观察基因重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (rbFGF)对急性创面和慢性创面愈合的促进作用。方法 :治疗组 (12 82例 )和对照组 (439例 )被分为深Ⅱ度烧伤、浅Ⅱ度烧伤、供皮区 (包括刃厚和中厚供皮区 )和慢性 (包括残余小创面和慢性溃疡 )创面 4大类。分别观察应用rbFGF后不同时间创面愈合面积的百分比、创面完全愈合时间 ,以及用药前后的全身情况和不良反应。结果 :浅Ⅱ度烧伤 8d愈合率和创面完全愈合时间 ,对照组为 5 1 7%± 2 6 4 %和 (12 6± 2 9)d(P <0 0 0 1) ,治疗组为 70 6 %± 2 5 0 %和 (10 5± 2 4 )d(P <0 0 0 1)。深Ⅱ度烧伤 15d愈合率和创面完全愈合时间 ,对照组为 5 3 3%± 2 5 4 %和 (2 1 9± 5 5 )d(P <0 0 0 1) ,治疗组为 6 9 7%± 2 7 0 %和 (18 5± 4 4 )d(P <0 0 0 1)。供皮区创面 8d愈合率和创面完全愈合时间 ,对照组为 5 7 6 %± 2 9 4 %和(11 4± 2 7)d(P <0 0 0 1) ,治疗组为 72 1%± 2 8 0 %和 (9 5± 2 4 )d(P <0 0 0 1)。慢性创面完全愈合时间 ,对照组为 (2 8 0± 18 0 )d ,治疗组 (2 2 1± 16 )d(P =0 0 6 8)。用药前后血常规、肝、肾功能无异常变化。结论 :基因重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能够显著地促进创面     

比较烫伤和烧伤致小型猪皮肤深二度损伤的异同

目的研究五指山小型猪的深二度皮肤损伤模型的制备方法,并比较烫伤和烧伤两种不同途径所致五指山小型猪的深二度皮肤损伤存在的差异。方法使用烫伤仪于92℃下,持续接触12 s在五指山小型猪皮肤上烫伤8个创面,同时使用含有无水乙醇的4 cm×5 cm纱布贴敷在去毛位置,点火燃烧18 s,烧伤8个创面,计算创面愈合率并进行病理检测,比较两种造模方法对深二度皮肤烧伤的异同。结果观察烧烫伤部位在临床观察、愈合率和病理检查方面的动态变化过程。结论实验结果表明烫伤法和烧伤法均可在五指山小型猪皮肤上制备深二度烧烫伤动物模型。     

rhEGF治疗严重擦挫伤创面的临床观察

目的:观察重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)治疗严重擦挫伤创面的效果及不良反应.方法:将56例患者共148个不同创面分为两部分,在常规治疗基础上,治疗组使用rhEGF,对照组使用0.05%碘伏消毒液,观察记录两组创面愈合时间.结果:治疗组浅Ⅱ度、深Ⅱ度创面愈合时间为(9.56±1.74)d、(15.16±2.67)d,对照组(12.75±3.18)d、(21.26±3.83)d.两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,0.01).rhEGF治疗有效率为90.72%.结论:rhEGF对擦挫伤创面愈合有促进作用,以深Ⅱ度创面的作用较明显.     

脱细胞生物敷料对烫伤创面愈合的影响

目的研究脱细胞生物敷料对小型猪深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合的影响。方法巴马实验用小型猪24头,雌雄不限,体质量(15±3) kg通过铜锭制备大小为4 cm×6 cm的深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,随机分为两组,试验组使用脱细胞生物敷料,空白对照组使用脱脂棉纱布。术后1、2、3、4周统计创面愈合率和愈合时间,并进行临床观察、组织病理学观察及创面羟脯氨酸含量检测,分析创面愈合情况。结果试验过程中动物全部存活,且无创面感染情况发生,试验组术后创面干燥,2周结痂,3周脱痂并长出被毛;空白对照组术后1周创面表面局部有渗出,其余部位干燥,2周结痂,4周脱痂并长出被毛。创面愈合时间试验组为(20. 83±0. 75) d,空白对照组为(27. 33±0. 82) d。2周和3周时两组创面愈合率具有显著性差异。试验组术后3周皮肤各层结构清晰,烫伤面基本愈合,4周时皮肤各层结构完整;空白对照组皮肤各层结构和附件的形成与试验组相比皆滞后6 d左右。术后1周、2周和3周两组创面炎性细胞浸润情况和羟脯氨酸含量具有显著性差异。结论脱细胞生物敷料能够有效促进烫伤创面愈合,可缩短治疗周期。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-