法夫酵母整合型表达载体的构建

为了建立法夫酵母虾青素代谢途径研究和分子育种的技术体系,构建了法夫酵母的整合型表达载体.通过测定法夫酵母对G418的抗性来确定抗性筛选物的质量浓度,以来源于法夫酵母本身的rRNA基因为基因同源重组片段,利用法夫酵母肌动蛋白启动子和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(gpd)启动子,构建了携带G418抗性基因的整合型载体pMD-18spakta和pMD-18spgktg.结果表明:法夫酵母对20μg/mL质量浓度的G418敏感,将构建的载体转化法夫酵母菌株后,筛选得到了能够在含有G418的培养基上生长的转化子;利用PCR的方法检测到转化子中存在的抗性基因.将筛选得到的阳性菌株连续传代培养10次后,发现该菌株的G418抗性仍然存在;以总DNA为模板,用PCR的方法仍可检测到G418抗性基因.说明已经构建得到了遗传稳定性良好的法夫酵母整合型表达载体,构建的质粒pMD-18spakta和pMD-18spgktg可作为法夫酵母整合载体应用于法夫酵母的DNA重组实验.     

人血管抑制素基因克隆、表达和生物活性分析

应用PCR技术从人胎肝cDNA库中扩增了人血管抑制素基因。将克隆的基因重组进酵母质粒pPIC9K获得含该基因的重组质粒pPIC9KA3。用电激法将质粒pPIC9K转化毕节酵母GSll5，经PCR检测获得含人血管抑制素基因的酵母工程菌GSll5(pPIC8KA3)。再用G418筛选法，在含不同浓度的G418平板上筛选高拷贝整合的转化子。对高拷贝整合的转化子进行发酵培养和诱导表达。SDS—PAGE及Westem印迹分析显示：表达产物约占胞外蛋白的43％，相当于94mg/L，并具有免疫活性。并能抑制bFGF诱导的鸡胚尿囊膜新生血管的生成。还对用G418筛选高拷贝整合转化子的方法做了探索。     

野生革耳菌漆酶cDNA在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

将分离到的野生革耳菌(Panusrudis)漆酶的cDNA序列克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K上,构建成受强启动子AOX1控制的重组表达载体.重组质粒DNA经BglII线性化后,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115细胞,通过G418筛选和PCR鉴定的重组酵母在甲醇诱导后能分泌表达活性漆酶.低温培养是该漆酶基因活性表达的必要条件.培养基中添加400μmol/L的CuSO4最有利于漆酶的活性表达.     

单链莫奈林基因表达载体的构建及其分泌表达

根据甜蛋白莫奈林的氨基酸序列，选择酵母偏爱密码子，化学合成单链莫奈林(Single-Chain Monellin，SCM)基因片段，并拼接成全基因．基因的DNA序列分析表明，合成的单链莫奈林基因与设计的一致．该基因插入于毕赤氏酵母整合型质粒pPIC9K中置于AOXI启动子的控制下，并通过电转化技术将重组质粒pPIC9K／SCM导入Pichia pastoris，在含有G418的YEPD平板上筛选整合型的多拷贝的转化子．转化子在BMMY培养基中经甲醇诱导表达，用SDS-PAGE检测发酵液，表明SCM的分泌表达蛋白可达发酵液蛋白含量的90％．     

汉坦病毒囊膜糖蛋白G2在毕赤酵母GS115中的表达及鉴定

构建了编码汉坦病毒囊膜糖蛋白G2基因的重组质粒,在毕赤酵母中表达,为汉坦病毒基因工程疫苗的研究提供实验基础。利用PCR法从含汉滩病毒76-118株M基因的M56质粒中扩增编码糖蛋白G2的基因片段,克隆入酵母分泌表达载体pPICZαA,构建重组质粒pPICZαA-G2。酶切鉴定挑取的阳性克隆,转化入GS115工程菌,在含100μg/mLZeocin的YPD培养基上筛选。挑选单菌落,PCR鉴定阳性克隆,用0.5%甲醇诱导表达,并利用SDS-PAGE及Western-Blot鉴定表达产物。序列分析表明所获得的基因片段与编码汉滩病毒76-118株囊膜糖蛋白G2的基因一致;100μg/mLZeocinYPD培养基上筛选出含pPICZαA-G2转化子,PCR鉴定为阳性克隆;SDS-PAGE可见约70kDa处有目的蛋白表达条带,经Western-Blot证实该条带为汉滩病毒囊膜糖蛋白G2。成功地构建了重组酵母表达载体pPICZαA-G2,并在毕赤酵母中初步表达成功,为今后汉坦病毒囊膜糖蛋白G2表达纯化以及基因工程疫苗的制备奠定了一定基础。     

雨生红球藻农杆菌转化体系的建立

文章以植物表达载体pBI121、农杆菌EHA105为体系,建立了农杆菌介导的雨生红球藻转化方法,通过筛选羧苄青霉素、G418等抗生素对雨生红球藻生长的影响,确定了以200μg/L G418和500mg/L羧苄青霉素为筛选体系。转化的雨生红球藻以CaMV 35S和来源于番茄的八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因的启动子(PDS启动子)成功表达了报告基因GFP和YFP,拓宽了pBI121载体的应用范围,为雨生红球藻的转化提供了一个新的遗传转化途径。番茄来源的PDS启动子能够启动报告基因的表达,表明植物源的启动子能够在雨生红球藻中表达,为植物源的启动子验证及基因瞬时表达提供了一个新的方法。     

RGD-拖丝蛋白基因的构建及其在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

根据天然拖丝蛋白的高度重复性序列,引入与细胞黏附有关的精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(RGD)三肽序列,以毕赤酵母偏好的密码子化学合成RGD-拖丝蛋白基因单体,通过"头尾相连"的多聚化策略,倍加成16聚体与32聚体基因.分别将这两种多聚体与分泌型表达载体pPIC9K连接,转化毕赤酵母GS115,用G418筛选毕赤酵母重组菌.通过甲醇诱导表达,培养液上清的SDS-PAGE分析表明RGD-重组拖丝蛋白获得分泌型表达.     

人甲状旁腺素在甲醇毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

选用酵母偏爱的密码子，人工合成长度为282bp的人甲状旁腺素(hFTH)基因，将其克隆于M13载体中，DNA测序验证正确。通过PCR从含有hFTH基因的M13载体获得了该基因，将其插入到含有AOX1启动子和α因子信号肽序列的表达载体pPIC9K中，构建了重组质粒pPIC9K-hFTH，电击法转化甲醇毕赤酵母(Picha pastoris)GS115菌株，经G418筛选得到高拷贝转化子，甲醇诱导表达，Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明在9．3kDa处有明显的诱导蛋白带，与报道的hFTH的相对分子质量相近；酶联免疫沉淀法(ELISA)检测证明表达的蛋白具有hFTH免疫活性为132ng／L。     

3-酮基嘌呤还原酶(TSC10)基因表达载体的构建及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

TSC10基因所编码的3-酮基嘌呤还原酶是酵母中神经酰胺合成的重要因子。设计了一种从酵母中提取神经酰胺经济、便捷、高效的方法:(1)利用构建含有TSC10基因的毕赤酵母GS115表达载体p PIC3.5K-TSC10;(2)电转化法将该表达质粒转化到GS115感受态细胞中;(3)用G418筛选以及PCR鉴定;(4)使用qRT-PCR和SDS-PAGE进行检测。结果经过G418筛选以及PCR鉴定后确定获得了包含TSC10基因的毕赤酵母转化子,经过qRT-PCR和SDS-PAGE进行检测后发现TSC10基因在20个阳性菌株中均可以稳定、高效表达。成功构建了3-酮基嘌呤还原酶高表达的毕赤酵母菌株,并为后续获得高收率神经酰胺奠定了基础。     

表达人胰岛素前体的毕赤酵母菌株的构建

将人胰岛素前体 (HIP)基因插入到毕赤酵母Pichiapastoris的分泌表达质粒pPIC9K中,得到分泌表达质粒pPIC9K/HIP并用电转化法转化P.pastorisGS115。筛选出整合型His⁺Mut^s 菌株,进一步用G418筛选获得高拷贝转化子。经诱导培养后,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)证明HIP在毕赤酵母中能有效分泌表达。对毕赤酵母中外源基因的稳定性进行了研究,结果表明外源基因在毕赤酵母中很稳定.     

High expression of EPO gene using un-dhfr negative cell

Erythropoietin (EPO) genomic gene was cloned and its expression vector pOP13/EPO was constructed. CHO_K12 cell was transfected by this vector using lipofectin method. A stable expression cell strain C10 cell with the EPO production at 160IU/d in 10\+6 cells were obtained at 400 μg/mL G418. Based on the C10 cell, another vector pHY/dhfr (dihydrofolate reductase) that carries a dhfr gene and a selecting marker of hygromycin B resistant gene was transferred to this cell. Several cell clones were obtained at 200 μg/mL hygromycin B. These cell clones that can express both EPO gene and exogenous dhfr gene were selected under the progressively increased concentration to 1 μmol methotrexate(MTX). Some high EPO expression cell clones were obtained, the highest expression was 2 400 IU/d in 10\+6 cells, 15 times higher than that without MTX pressure. Then, a method of EPO high expression by using un_dhfr negative cell was primarily established. EPO bioactivity was found by using TF_1 cell.     

花特异表达启动子的克隆及花色调节基因Lc表达载体的构建

克隆了矮牵牛花特异表达基因CHSA启动子，并定向插入到已含有花色调节基因Lc的质粒pBI121中，取代原有的CaMV 35S启动子．所构建的新表达载体可用于花色改良研究．     

水稻16kDa醇溶蛋白启动子克隆及载体构建

水稻种子16 kDa醇溶蛋白是水稻种子成熟过程中,由16 kDa基因编码,16 kDa醇溶蛋白启动子调控,在胚乳中特异表达的蛋白质.以水稻基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增技术得到16 kDa启动子片段,序列分析结果表明:获得的启动子片段的大小为931 bp,与已报道的该启动子序列相比较,其核苷酸序列同源性为99.9%.该启动子区域含有TATA-box,CAAT-box,GCN4基序,Prolamin-box等胚乳特异表达启动子所必需的正调控元件.利用该启动子构建了植物种子特异表达载体pC16 kDP.     

Kas基因启动子区的克隆及功能初步分析

利用TAIL-PCR技术,克隆到了与辣椒素合成有关的胎座特异表达基因——3-酮酯酰．ACP合成酶基因（Kas）上游400bp的调控区域．将其全长片段与GUS基因连接构建植物表达载体并转化烟草．GUS组织化学染色表明,克隆到的440bp片段具有启动子活性．对该片段进行序列分析发现,在起始密码子ATG上游存在2个TATA-box,分别为-316～-311位的TATAAA和-224～-219位的TATAAA;在TATA-box上游还存在1个位于-378～-374处的CAAT-box,序列为CCAAT．该研究旨在为利用基因调控辣椒素的生物合成,提高辣椒果实中的辣椒素含量奠定基础．     

丝状真菌米曲霉外源基因表达系统的构建

以米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae RIB40的基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到启动子、终止子、筛选标记基因等表达元件,依次连接到载体pUC119上,构建了米曲霉的重组表达载体pNMA. 将米赫根毛霉脂肪酶基因(RML)连接于pNMA的启动子下,得到表达载体pNMA-RML,通过ApaI酶切线性化转化米曲霉宿主菌A.oryzae niaD300,得到整合型的阳性转化子A.oryzae ONL1. 其培养7天的培养液上清在以三丁酸甘油酯为底物的平板上形成清晰的水解透明圈,碱滴定法酶活测定表明培养液酶活可达2.5 U/mL,培养液上清的SDS-PAGE图谱在32.5 kDa处有RML的特征条带. 以上结果表明RML已经在米曲霉中成功表达,同时证明所构建的米曲霉外源基因表达系统是有效的.     

Construction and expression of inverted configuration of retroviral vector containing intron 1 of hFIX

Intron was found to play an important role in improving gene expression. To improve the human factor IX(hFIX) expression level in hemophilia B gene therapy study, the retroviral vector containing intron 1 of hFIX gene was constructed in forwarded configuration, but the intron 1 was found spliced in virus particles by RT_PCR detection. So the inverted configuration vector G1NaPAi′IX was suggested and constructed on the basis of SNMBAIXm and transfected into PA317. Then C2C12 cells were transfected using the above virus supernatant and the G418_resistant clones were selected. PCR and RT_PCR detection found that intron 1 structure existed in C2C12 clones and retroviral particles. And the expression level of inverted vector was 3 times higher than that of forwarded vector. These results showed that the inverted configuration vector was in deed able to avoid splicing of intron 1 during the process of retroviral packaging and improved the expression level of hFIX protein.     

番茄红素β-环化酶基因（LcyB）启动子调控LcyB RNAi双元载体构建

根据番茄基因组DNA序列信息设计引物进行PCR扩增了Micro-Tom中番茄红素-环化酶（Lycopene -cyclase, LcyB）基因起始密码子上游1 534 bp启动子区域序列（LcyBp）,生物信息学分析表明,该启动子序列中存在TATA-盒、CAAT-盒、昼夜节律响应元件Circadian、光响应元件Box I、真菌激发子响应元件Box-W1、低温响应元件LTR、响应赤霉素的作用元件P-box、乙烯响应元件ERE、响应生长素的作用元件TGA-element等顺式作用元件. 依据番茄LcyB基因序列,设计2对含有不同酶切位点的特异引物进行PCR扩增LcyB基因3端特异的276 bp DNA片段,利用RNAi载体pKANNIBAL构建了LcyB启动子-LcyB基因正义片段（Sense）-PDK内含子-LcyB基因反义片段（Antisense）-OCS终止子的RNAi表达框,并将这一RNAi表达框插入植物双元表达载体pART27的Not I位点,构建成本研究的LcyB启动子驱动的LcyB基因RNAi植物双元表达载体pART-LcyBp-RNAi-LcyB. 为利用RNAi技术特异性敲除LcyB基因进而提高番茄果实中番茄红素含量奠定实验基础.     

Fractalkine基因真核表达质粒的构建及其在小鼠肝癌细胞中的表达

为克隆小鼠趋化因子Fractalkine(．FK)基因，构建真核表达质粒，并在小鼠肝癌细胞中表达，用以进行肿瘤的基因治疗，用RT-PCR法，从小鼠乳腺癌细胞D2F2扩增FK的cDNA，插入pCR2．1 TOPO载体，测序证实后，将其亚克隆至质粒pIRES中构建FK真核表达载体；用脂质体将重组质粒转染小鼠肝癌MM45 T．Li细胞，经G418筛选获得抗性细胞克隆，用RT-PCR和免疫化学方法鉴定转染细胞中FK基因的表达．结果表明：经限制性内切酶酶切图谱分析和DNA序列测定证实目的基因已插入重组质粒，RT-PCR和免疫化学方法证明转基因MM45T．Li细胞克隆中存在小鼠FK基因的表达。     

Production of transgenic calves by somatic cellnuclear transfer

Bovine fetal oviduct epithelial cells were transfected with constructed double marker selective vector(pCE-EGFP-IRES-Neo-dNdB) containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and neomycin-resistant(Neo^r) genes by electroporation, and a transgenic cell line was obtained. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was cartied out using the transgenic cells as nuclei donor. A total of 424 SCNT embryos were reconstructed and 208 (49.1%) of them developed to blastocyst stage. 17 blastocysts on D 7 after reconstruction were transferred to 17 surrogate calves,and 5 (29.4%) recipients were found to be pregnant. Three of them maintained to term and delivered three cloned calves.PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of transgene in all of the three cloned calves. In addition, expression of EGFP was detected in biopsy isolated from the transgenic cloned calves and fibroblasts derived from the biopsy. Our results suggest that transgenic calves could be efficiently produced by SCNT using transgenic cells as nuclei donor. Furthermore, all cloned animals could be ensured to be transgenic by efficiently pre-screening transgenic cells and SCNT embryos using the constructed double marker selective vector.     

Identification of a bi-directional promoter from Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus

A bi-directional promoter of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) was obtained with the total DNA from TYLCCNV isolate Y10 infected tobacco leaves as a template. Plant expression vectors were constructed by fusing the amplified DNA fragment with the gus gene and nopaline terminator in different orientations. The vectors containing promoter fragments were transferred into leaf cells and plant stems of Nicotiana benthamiana by Agrobacterium-mediated method. Transient expression results showed that both the complementary and virion-sense promoters could drive the gus gene to express, and the GUS activity of the complementary-sense promoter was stronger than that of the virion-sense. Co-expression of the vector containing βC1 gene of TYLCCNV DNAβ with the vector containing a bi-directional promoter revealed that the βC1 protein has no impact on expression of either the virion- or the complementary-sense promoter.