碳素纤维强化碳化硅复合材料

日本东北金属材料研究所和特殊无机材料研究所共同开发成功了一种新型的复合材料—碳素纤维强化碳化硅。据称,这是一种将纸或布浸透了碳化硅的原料—聚碳硅烷     

发散法合成乙烯基封端的超支化聚碳硅烷

超支化聚碳硅烷具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐磨、良好流动性和溶解性,可望用于催化剂载体、陶瓷前驱体和发光材料等诸多领域.超支化聚碳硅烷合成方法有收敛法和发散法,其中收敛法通常仅用于合成较低代数的超支化聚碳硅烷.本文通过发散法,以廉价易得的甲基三氯硅烷与烯丙基溴格氏试剂反应,合成了超支化聚碳硅烷,并对所得产物进行了FT-IR、NMR、TGA和DSC等表征.     

采用聚硅碳硅烷与乙酰丙酮铝合成聚铝碳硅烷的机理

聚铝碳硅烷是耐超高温Si-Al-C纤维的先驱体. 为了制备合适的先驱体,采用聚硅碳硅烷与乙酰丙酮铝反应合成聚铝碳硅烷,并对其反应机理进行了详细的研究. 其中聚硅碳硅烷是含有Si-Si-Si和Si-C-Si的低聚物. 通过在反应过程中从反应体系中抽取样品,并采用FTIR、GPC、1H-NMR、27Al-NMR和紫外可见光谱对反应过程进行追踪分析. 结果表明:反应过程中存在Si-Si-Si向Si-C-Si转化的Kumada重排反应;乙酰丙酮铝的交联作用使得聚铝碳硅烷的相对分子质量和支化度大大提高,乙酰丙酮铝的反应主要发生在330 ℃以下和400 ℃以上,反应产物中Al以Si-O-Al结构存在.     

发散法合成超支化聚碳硅烷的研究进展

超支化聚碳硅烷是一种新型有机硅超支化聚合物,具有高流动性、化学惰性、热稳定性等优点,分子中存在纳米空腔和大量活性端基,因此具有广阔的应用前景.文章集中探讨了发散法合成超支化聚碳硅烷的研究进展,对这些方法的优缺点进行总结,并对超支化聚碳硅烷合成的新方法进行了展望.     

聚碳硅烷的高温陶瓷化机理

通过TG-DTA,IR,XRD和SEM等测试方法分析研究聚碳硅烷(PCS)的热分解过程及在真空高温条件下物相成分及晶形的变化过程。研究结果表明:聚碳硅烷质量损失主要发生在300~700℃之间,300~450℃主要发生小分子聚合物以及裂解产生的分子碎片的挥发;450~650℃之间,Si—H和C—H键发生断裂,生成氢气、烷烃等气体;650~900℃,PCS发生有机无机转变,裂解产物开始具有无机特征;900~1200℃,裂解产物基本不再具有有机特征,PCS完全转化为无定型SiC;1 200℃以后,SiC结晶形成β-SiC和α-SiC,温度升高结晶度增加且伴随晶粒的长大,2 000℃时有SiC的升华现象,且2 000℃的XRD可以证明C在PCS的陶瓷化过程中有一定富余。     

聚碳硅烷/二乙烯基苯与聚硅烷/二乙烯基苯的交联与裂解

以二乙烯基苯(DVB)作为交联剂的聚碳硅烷(PCS)／二乙烯基苯(DVB)和聚硅烷(PS)／二乙烯基苯(DVB)两种体系来制备SiC陶瓷．对比了DVB加入量对于交联状态、陶瓷产率的影响，用SEM观察裂解样品的微观结构，用XRD研究了裂解样品的相组成．实验结果表明：PS／DVB体系的陶瓷产率高于PCS／DVB体系；且PS／DVB体系的陶瓷微观结构比PCS／DVB体系致密；其XRD分析表明所得陶瓷含β-SiC．     

碳化硅纤维及中间产物的元素分析法

在碳化硅纤维的研制中,对其中间产物、产品中各元素的测定,不仅是评价中间产物、产品质量的重要因素,而且对研制过程工艺条件的控制,亦具有重要的指导意义。根据对国内某些单位的调研和现有参考资料的查阅,虽有局部性的分析原理可借鉴,但未见到介绍这类现成可用的分析方法,特别是对碳化硅纤维具有耐高温、耐酸碱、抗氧化的特性,而聚硅烷,聚碳硅烷在空气中容易燃烧甚至爆炸的特点,给化学分析带来了一定的困难。经反复试验研究,解决了试样的分解处理及分析过程中遇到的许多技术问题,建立了碳化硅纤维中总碳,游离碳和硅的测定方法,以及中间产物中硅、碳、氢的测定方法。设备简单、操作方便、速度较快、准确度较高。现已配合碳化硅纤维研制过程的试样的测定,取得了满意的结果。     

含端炔基聚碳硅氮烷的合成、耐热及陶瓷化性能

采用对苯二胺分别与甲基氢二氯硅烷(MeHSiCl2)或二甲基二氯硅烷(Me2SiCl2)胺解,以间氨基苯乙炔(APA)封端,制备含端炔基聚碳硅氮烷PCSN-A和PCSN-B。用FT-IR对其结构进行了表征,通过DSC研究了聚合物固化行为,采用TGA和XRD对其固化物的耐热性能和陶瓷化性能进行了研究。结果表明,PCSN-A由于结构内含有硅氢键(Si—H),Si—H键可参与固化,提高交联密度,其固化物具有优异于PCSN-B的耐热性能和陶瓷化性能,氮气下失重5%的温度(Td5)为564℃。氩气下1 450℃裂解的陶瓷化率为78.4%,得到β-SiC,α-SiC和α-Si3N4陶瓷,聚碳硅氮烷可用作耐高温树脂基体和陶瓷前驱体。     

有机硅高聚物作为纤维前驱体的研究概况

通过合成聚碳硅烷已制得ＳｉＣ纤维，而且聚碳硅烷的合成方法在不断地得到改进，使合成反应条件更易控制。在聚碳硅烷中引入金属合成含金属的有机硅高聚物，从而制成改良型ＳｉＣ纤维。近年来，这一研究十分活跃。该文将阐述这一领域的发展状况。     

碳热还原制备碳化硅纳米线

以二氧化硅粉和竹炭粉为原料,在无催化剂的条件下,于1 400℃下用碳热还原制备了SiC纳米线.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析了该纳米线的形貌和化学组成,同时探讨了SiC纳米线的形成机理.结果表明,所制备的纳米线为β-SiC,纳米线直径为100～150 nm,长度可达数毫米.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that