正烷烃、姥鲛烷与植烷对沉积环境的指示意义--以山东济阳坳陷下第三系为例

烃源岩和原油有机地球化学成分中的正烷烃特征与沉积环境类型有密切关系。比较典型的正烷烃分布有４ 种类型：①后峰型奇碳优势正烷烃,一般内陆湖泊三角洲平原沼泽相、湖沼相正烷烃属这种类型;②前峰型奇偶优势正烷烃,一般海相和较深湖相正烷烃属这种类型;③双峰型奇偶优势正烷烃,一般海陆过渡相和内陆湖泊三角洲相正烷烃属这种类型;④偶碳优势正烷烃,一般咸水湖相或盐湖相正烷烃属这种类型。姥鲛烷／植烷（ ｗ（Ｐｒ）／ｗ（Ｐｈ））值对于判断原始沉积环境氧化—还原条件有重要意义。根据正烷烃分布特征和姥鲛烷、植烷特征对山东济阳坳陷沙四上亚段的４ 口钻井岩心进行了分析,结果表明,其正烷烃类型有①,②,④型,结合ｗ（Ｐｒ）／ ｗ（Ｐｈ） 值和ＣＰＩ（Ｃａｒｂｏｎ ＰｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅＩｎｄｅｘ）值进行分析,认为该地层为弱—强还原条件的内陆半咸水—咸水湖相沉积     

正烷烃,姥鲛烷与植烷对沉积环境的指示意义——以山东济阳坳陷下第三系为例

烃源岩和原油有机地球化学成分中的正烷烃特征与沉积环境类型有密切关系。比较典型的正烷烃分布有４种类型：（１）后峰型奇碳优势正烷烃，一般内陆湖泊三角洲平原沼泽相，湖沼相正烷烃属这种类型；（２）前峰型奇偶优势正烷烃，一般海相 和较深湖相正烷烃属这种类型；（４）偶碳优势正烷烃，一般咸水湖相或盐湖相正烷烃属这种类型。姥鲛烷／植烷（ｗ（Ｐｒ）／ｗ（Ｐｈ）值对于判断原始沉积环境氧化－还原条件有重要意义。根据正烷     

厦门港微表层中烷烃富集规律的研究

用气相色谱法测定厦门港微表层和次表层海水中烷烃的含量．微表层直链烷烃含量范围从未检出至４．１μｇ／Ｌ／检出的支链烷烃含量为０．１６～２．６μｇ／Ｌ；次表层直链烷烃含量范围从未检出至２．７μｇ／Ｌ，检出的支链烷烃含量为０．０３～１．４μｇ／Ｌ　微表层对烷烃的富集系数（ＥＦ）为１．０～２１．直链烷烃的ＥＦ值春季较大；支链烷烃的ＥＦ值一般小于同碳数的直链烷烃，植烷例外．根据获得的实验结果，对影响烷烃的含量分布及其ＥＦ值的诸因素进行了探讨。     

依诺沙星的电化学研究

依诺沙星在Ｂｒｉｔｔｏｎ－Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ缓冲液（ｐＨ２．０～１１．０）中产生两个极谱还原峰。两峰强烈地受溶液ｐＨ值的影响，峰Ⅰ（－１．ＩＶ～－１．５Ｖｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）对应于吡啶环的双电子还原，峰Ⅱ（１．５伏～－１．７伏ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）对应于羰基的还原。实验表明电极过程是受扩散控制的不可逆过程，并测定了ｎ，ａ和Ｄ０的值。当ＰＨ＝２．２时，峰Ⅰ的峰电流与依诺沙星的浓度在４．０×１０－８～６．０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间有线性关系，检测限为２．５×１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，可用于依诺沙星的检测。     

掺Sm、Pr的MnBl合金薄膜的磁性、结构和磁光性能研究

讨论了掺 Ｓｍ 、 Ｐｒ 的 Ｍｎ Ｂｉ 合金薄膜的结构、磁性和磁光性能实验表明,经过退火处理（３７５ ℃～４２５ ℃／２ ～４ｈ） ,样品形成 Ｍｎ Ｂｉ 晶体结构掺杂含量 ｘ ＝ ０ ．１ ～０ ．２５ ,样品具有较大的 Ｋｅｒｒ 角（θ Ｋｍａｘ ＝ ２ ．５７°） ,内禀矫顽力 Ｍ Ｈ Ｃ＝ １ ．５ ～５ ．６ ｋ Ｏｅ ,剩余磁化强度 Ｍｒ ＝ ３ ．０ ～５ ．６ ｋ Ｏｅ ,剩磁比ｒ ＝ ０ ．８８ ～０ ．９８磁光谱表明,随着掺杂含量的增大,样品 Ｋｅｒｒ 角的极大值向长波方向移动在变温过程中,样品的矫顽力随温度上升而增大,在薄膜（ ｄ ＜ ２５０ｎｍ ） 情况下矫顽力以形核机制为主     

HPLC法测定火炸药组分lnk′与lgKow的关系

该文研究了用反相高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）法间接测定火炸药组分及其相关化合物在正辛醇／水系统中分配系数的方法。通过对参比物容量因子ｋ′与其正辛醇／水分配系数Ｋｏｗ关系的测定，计算出待测化合物的ｌｇＫｏｗ，获得了各种火炸药组分的正辛醇／水的分配系数，给出了其ｌｎｋ′与ｌｇＫｏｗ值的线性关系式及回归系数。即其中当流动相组成为甲醇水＝７５２５时的线性方程为ｌｇＫｏｗ＝０．５９５３＋１．２９１３ｌｎｋ′（ｎ＝８，γ＝０．９９４１）。解决了因火炸药组分大多数水溶性差、易燃、易爆等问题给用传统摇瓶法测定带来的困难。     

Au3+-Hg22+-Ce4+-对氯代苯羟乙酸催化偶联反应的

在０．８～２．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸及９０℃下，Ａｎ３＋对Ｃｅ４＋氧化Ｈｇ_２~（２＋）反应有强烈催化作用。用对氯代苯羟乙酸还原Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）中止反应，生成极谱活性物质对氯苯甲醛（ＥＰ＝－０．８３Ｖｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）。用固定时间法建立检出限和测定范围分别为０．１５ｎｇ／ｍＬ和０．３０～４．５ｎｇ／ｍＬ金的催化反应－导数示波极谱分析法。矿样中痕量金的测定结果表明该法效果较好。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定3H状元胶囊中的1α—羟基维生素D3

使用反外ＨＰＬＣ法测定３Ｈ状元胶囊中的１α－羟基维生素Ｄ３，固定相为Ｃ１８，流动相为乙腈：水（９７：３），测定波长为２６５ｎｍ标样线性范围为０．１～１．０μｇ／ｍＬ（ｒ＝０．９９８８，ｎ＝５）最低检出率为０．５ｎｇ，天内天间精密度分别为１．４１％（ｎ＝１０）和２．７２％（ｎ＝３）平均回收率为９９．１％（ＲＳＤ＝２．７８％），该方法用于测定３Ｈ求元胶囊的１α－羟基维生素Ｄ３，取得较满意的结果。     

一类线性方程可化为常系数方程的条件

ｎ阶线性方程ｄ＾ｎｙ／ｄｘ＾ｎ＋Ｐｎ－２（ｘ）ｄ＾ｎ－２ｙ／ｄｘ＾ｎ－２＋…＋Ｐ１（ｘ）ｄｙ／ｄｘ＋ｐ０（ｘ）ｙ＝０在变换ｘ＝φ（τ）下可化为常系数线性方程当且仅当Ｐｉ（ｘ）＝Ｓｉ／（Ｃ１ｘ＋Ｃ２）＾ｎ－ｉ（ｉ＝０，１，…，ｎ－２）。     

关于刻度参数变点的非参数统计推断

对最多只含一个刻度参数变点的模型Ｘ（ｉ／ｎ）＝ｅ（ｉ／ｎ），ｉ＝１，２，…ｎ．ｅ（１／ｎ），…，ｅ（ｎ／ｎ）相互独立，且对ｉ／ｎ＜ｔ０，ｅ（ｉ／ｎ）～Ｆ（ｘ），对ｉ／ｎ≥ｔ０，本文讨论了上述模型中变点ｔ０和刻度参数ｂ的假设检验和区间估计问题．     

四川峨嵋麦地坪组白云岩有机地球化学特征

四川峨嵋高桥麦地坪组是前寒武系-寒武系连续沉积的重要层型剖面之一,小壳动物化石在该组中出现.对该组小壳动物化石出现层位白云岩的生物标志物以及单体正构烷烃同位素研究结果表明,其规则甾烷中C27甾烷的较高优势,可能与小壳生物的贡献有关.正构烷烃的碳同位素值随碳数增加的曲线变化范围较窄,反映了较为单一的母源输入特征.但被认为是与藻类输入有关的nC19的碳同位素值略低于C21～C26和C27～C37的碳同位素值,显示了不同生物母源的输入,具有藻类和细菌输入的特征.结合生物标志物参数显示,峨嵋高桥麦地坪含胶磷矿白云岩生物母质以蓝藻细菌类生物输入为主,可能含有部分的小壳动物输入.     

Geochemical study and significance of sequential extraction in reservoir rocks of Turpan-Hamin Basin

Seven samples collected from the Turpan-Hamin Basin were treated by sequential extraction method. Analytical results indicate that the free oils, inclusion oils (oil-bearing fluid inclusions) and clay-adsorbed oils vary significantly. The geochemical characteristics of inclusion and clay-adsorbed oils correlate well with the lacustrine mudstones. The characteristics are as follows: (i) with higher Ph/nC18 ratio and lower Pr/Ph ratio; (ii) with higher values of C26 tricyclic/C24 tetracyclic terpane, C23 tricyclic ter-pane/(C23 tricyclic terpane+C3017α(H) hopane), C21/(C21+C29) sterane, Ts/Tm and C29Ts/C29l7α(H) norhopane and lower value of C19/C21 tricyclic terpane; (iii) with relatively high content of C27 and C28 sterane and lower abundance of C29 sterane and diasterane. They indicate that the early charged oils are derived from the pre-Jurassic lacustrine mudstones and the later charged oils are from the Jurassic coal-bearing strata or coals.     

牛蹄塘组页岩气储层有机质微生物来源的证据

针对牛蹄塘组页岩气储层中有机质来源的问题,从微体古生物化石和有机地球化学两方面开展了研究。采
用环境扫描电镜–能谱系统（ESEM – XEDS）对岩芯中的微生物化石形态和化学组成进行了研究;此外,还采用气相色
谱–质谱法（GC – MS）对岩芯抽提物进行了检测。结果表明,牛蹄塘组页岩中发现的微生物化石C 和N 元素含量较
高（大于30%）,从外部形态大致可将其分为3 类：同心环状结构,表面光滑的球体以及细胞壁开口的球体。岩芯抽提
物检测结果表明,牛蹄塘组页岩nC12 ∼ nC32 的正构烷烃均有检出,且具有低碳数（主峰碳nC16）偶碳优势;此外,抽提
物中还检出了含量较高的类异戊二烯烃,包括,姥鲛烷、植烷和角鲨烯。这些微生物化石的发现和有机地球化学组成
特征为晚震旦-早寒武世扬子浅海微生物的繁盛和牛蹄塘组烃源物质的微生物起源提供了有力的证据。     

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界不同沉积环境煤系烃源岩分子地球化学特征及意义

内蒙古乌达地区上古生界煤系烃源岩主要在海陆过渡相和陆相沉积环境的控制下沉积而成。精选出五种沉积环境下形成的煤系烃源岩样品,深入研究其分子地球化学特征。研究表明,泛滥平原形成的烃源岩以高氧芴、高姥鲛烷、高C29规则甾烷、高C19三环萜烷和高C24四环萜烷为主要特征;河控三角洲除氧芴含量稍低,具有和泛滥平原沉积环境相似的地化特征;潮坪和泻湖相的烃源岩中伽马蜡烷、植烷含量均较高,C26+三环萜烷丰度相对较高,三环萜烷绝对浓度大,规则甾烷以C27占优势,硫芴含量相对较丰富;潮控三角洲除Pr/Ph较高外,其余生物标志物特征与潮坪、泻湖环境下的烃源岩相似。     

Molecular source of biomarkers by genetic engineering techniques

The mutant lacking ORF469 fragment inSynechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (cyanobacterium) was created by means of DNA recombination. In its genome,ORF ₄₆₉, the key DNA fragment controlling the light-independent pathway of chlorophyll biosynthesis was deleted and replaced by erythromycin resistance cassette. The operation resulted in the fact that the content of chlorophyll in mutant cells was fully controlled by illumination and two kinds of cells were harvested, one is high chlorophyll with concentration of 9.427 μg· mg⁻¹ and the other is low chlorophyll with concentration of 0.695 μg · mg¹. They were subjected to thermal simulation respectively at 300°C for 100 h. The alkanes biomarkers from pyrolysates were analyzed by GC-MS and main difference between high and low chlorophyll cells was found at their contents of isoprenoid hydrocarbons. Pr/nC₁₇ and Ph/nC₁₈ from pyrolysate of low chlorophyll cells were 0.192 and 0.216 respectively, which were about 1/3 and 1/7 of that from high chlorophyll cells. The results provide direct evidence that isoprenoid hydrocarbons such as phytane(Ph) and pristane (Pr) could be derived from chlorophyll. The lipids in algal cells would be the most important contributors to hydrocarbon production in their thermal degradation. The results also indicated that the combination of molecular biology and organic geochemistry would provide a new path to investigate the molecular sources of biomarkers.     

New evidence for the origin of natural gas in Ordos Basin from hydrocarbons of oil water

The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the controversy origin of natural gas in the Ordos Basin by using the hydrocarbons of oil water. New evidence has been found: There is relatively high content of light hydrocarbons and low content of heavy components in the hydrocarbons fraction of oil water in the middle gas field of the Majiagou Formation, Ordovician reservoir. The hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 have relatively high abundance of tricyclic terpane. Tricyclic terpane/hopane of the two samples are 1.48 and 0.36, respectively. They also show that pregnane and hompregnane are in relatively high abundance with lower hopane/sterane ratio. Pr/Ph is less than 2.0. These characteristics reflected the source input of marine carbonate sedimentary environment. In contrast, the hydrocarbon of Well Shan 81 is lack of tricyclic terpane series and pregnane. It has a high hopane/sterane ratio and Pr/Ph is 3.27. These parameters are typical character of terrestrial organic matter. Furthermore, the hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 37 and Well Shan 34 is between the two typical situations. They have little content of tricyclic terpanes. They may be derived from a mixing source of marine carbonate and terrestrial organic matter input. Similarly, the maturity parameters approve this suggestion. The samples of Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 which derived from marine carbonate have relatively high maturity and samples derived from terrestrial organic matter have lower maturity. The maturity of the hydrocarbons of mixing source is between these two situations. The suggestion coincides with the geological background and source rocks distribution.     

Sequential extraction and compositional analysis of oil-bearing fluid inclusions in reservoir rocks from Kuche Depression, Tarim Basin

The free oils, adsorbed oils and oil-bearing fluid inclusions have been extracted separately and analyzed by GC and GC-MS in reservoir rock samples collected from the Kuche Depression. The results demonstrate that the molecular compositions of oil-bearing fluid inclusions are significantly different from those of the free oils (the current oils). Compared with the current oil, the oil-bearing fluid inclusions are characterized by relatively high values of parameters Pr/nC17and Ph/nC18, low values of Pr/Ph, hopanes/steranes, C30-diahopane/C30-hopane and Ts/Tm, low content of C29Ts terpane and high maturities as indicated by C29 steranes 20S/(20R+20S). In addition, the oil-bearing fluid inclusions correlate very well with the oils in northern and central Tarim Basin, which were derived from Cambrian-Ordovician marine source rocks. The adsorbedoils appear to be an intermediate type between free oils and oil-bearing fluid inclusions. The above analytical data indicate that there are at least two oil-charging episodes for these reservoir rock samples. The early charging oils were derived from Cambrian-Ordovician marine source rocks, and the later charging oils, from Triassic-Jurassic terrestrial source rocks. The primary marine oils were overwhelmingly diluted by the following terrestrial oils.     

Occurrence and significance of prist-1-ene in kerogen pyrolysates

A SERIES of acylic isoprenoid alkanes, of which pristane and phytane are typical, frequently occurs in crude oils, shales, coals, bitumens and so on. It is generally agreed that the primary source of these compounds is the phytyl side chain of chlorophyll(1,2) although the mechanisms of its incorporation into sediments and its subsequent diagenesis, are not completely understood. At present, little is known about the role of kerogen as a source, or sink, of isoprenoid moieties and we report here that the principal isoprenoid, obtained by the high temperature (600 degrees C) pyrolysis of kerogens has been identified as prist-1-ene.     

准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区油源分析

在对准噶尔盆地莫索湾地区地化特征的研究和大量地化参数处理的基础上,利用原油δ13C,Pr/Ph和(Pr+nC17)/(Ph+nC18)以及饱和烃轻重比∑C21-/∑C22+和(C21+C22)/(C28+C29)等参数对原油进行了对比分析,并结合原油运移分析及其他地质特征的研究,最终确定了莫索湾地区的油源:盆参2、芳2井区油源主要为昌吉凹陷二叠系;盆5、盆6井区油源主要为盆1井西凹陷二叠系;两井区交汇地带的盆4井和莫5井一带原油是混源的.     

贵州瓮安新元古代陡山沱组磷块岩中的有机化合物

对保存有多细胞藻类原植体、细菌和疑原类化石的贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩所作的地球化学分析表明,磷块岩有机质演化程度较高,最高热解温度t_max达597℃。岩石抽提物中以非烃化合物和沥青质为主要成分,烃类含量不足20%。色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析图谱显示正烷烃的碳数范围很宽,有显著的高碳数正烷烃峰群(C₁₉—C₃₁),奇偶优势明显,烃类有机组分中除正烷烃外还包含有萜烷、甾烷、芳香烃和类异戊二烯烃等。其中生物标记化合物及其组成特征指示了有机物的主要来源是当时生存的真核的多细胞藻类、细菌和古细菌,这与所观察到的磷块岩中保存的古生物化石组成相吻合。某些特征有机物和生物标记物还指示了磷块岩沉积环境特征：强还原性、高盐度、低陆源输入以及与水热活动相关的局部高温。这与沉积学和岩石学的观察相符。