Strontium Substituted Nanohydroxyapatite Incorporated 3D Printing Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

The customized implants which are composed of polycaprolactone( PCL) and strontium substituted nanohydroxyapatite( SrHA) were fabricated successfully by using fused deposition modeling( FDM),which is a simple 3 D printing technology for fabricating personalized products. The physical and chemical properties of composite scaffolds were characterized by transmission electron microscopy( TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR), X-Ray diffraction( XRD) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy( ICPAES). The results suggested that strontium element was successfully doped into nanohydroxyapatite and all scaffolds showed the homogeneous network structure. Furthermore, the in vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated by cell counting kit-8( CCK-8) assay. The data indicated that the prepared scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs). Besides,strontium element can be released from PCL-SrHA scaffolds in a sustained manner. Therefore,the 3 D printing PCL-SrHA scaffolds hold great potential for bone tissue engineering.     

溶剂浇铸-粒子沥滤法制备PBS/PCL组织工程支架

选用聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/聚ε-已内酯(PCL)共混材料作为组织工程支架材料基质,氯化钠和葡萄糖颗粒作为致孔剂,在传统的溶刺浇铸-粒子沥滤法的基础上,通过调节PBS/PCL的质量分数制得了不同尺寸且孔径、孔隙率满足组织工程支架要求的PBS/PCL多孔支架.对多孔支架的微结构、孔径、孔形态和素水性进行了表征,研究了PBS/PCL的质量分数、致孔剂粒径对支架成型及孔隙率的影响.结果表明,PBS/PCL的质量分教对支架成型影响较大,过低或过高的质量分数都会导致支架成型性差,质量分数在6%～10%时支架成型较好.利用质量分数为8%的PBS/PCL溶液可以制备形状复杂的多孔支架.所制支架内部孔洞分布均匀,贯通性好,孔径可由致孔剂的粒径来调控,支架孔隙率为86%～93%.支架亲水性良好,吸水率随孔隙率的增大而上升.     

仿生增强制备聚乳酸基骨组织工程复合材料

依据仿生原理制备了纳米羟基磷灰石聚乳酸(nHA-PLA)复合的骨框架材料.此复合材料中的主要成分是纳米羟基磷灰石,纳米相的羟基磷灰石就是天然骨中主要的无机相.在保持高孔隙率(90%)的同时,复合材料的抗压性能达到2.07 MPa,高于单纯的聚乳酸框架材料(为0.89 MPa).分离成骨细胞并在三维框架材料上培养,用扫描电镜进行观察,复合材料具有很好的细胞贴附性能.仿生制备的三维纳米羟基磷灰石聚乳酸复合骨框架材料,无论从结构还是性能上,都是骨组织工程中的优选材料之一.     

Mineralized Composite Nanofibrous Mats for Bone Tissue Engineering

Composite nanofibrous mats consisting of poly( L-lactideco-ε-caprolactone)( PLCL) and collagen type I( COL) were fabricated by electrospinning,and ten times simulated body fluid(10SBF) were employed to mineralize nanofibrous mats. Ballshaped hydroxyapatite( HA) was deposited on the surface of nanofibrous mats in 1. 5 h at room temperature. Human fetal osteoblasts( hFob) were seeded to investigate their proliferation and differentiation on mineralized composite nanofibrous mats. The results showed that hFob grew well on mineralized composite nanofibrous mats and alkaline phosphatase( ALP) activity of hFob on mineralized composite nanofibrous mats at 14 d was much higher than that on untreated nanofibrous mats. Moreover,the expression of osteocalcin of cells on mineralized composite nanofibrous mats was also much higher than those on untreated nanofibrous mats at 7 d and 14 d. This mineralized composite nanofibrous mats may have a great potential for bone tissue engineering.     

聚氨酯改性及复合支架应用于血管组织工程

通过查阅近年来将聚氨酯作为血管组织工程支架材料的相关文献,介绍了聚氯酯改性的常用方法在血管组织工程支架中的应用情况,综述了聚氨酯表面改性支架和复合支架在血管组织工程中的应用.     

海藻酸盐复合凝胶在骨组织工程中的研究进展

骨组织工程支架是以修复缺损的骨并恢复其功能为目的而开发出的人工支架。海藻酸盐是世界上含量最丰富的海洋生物高分子聚合物,其在骨组织工程材料中的应用已被大量研究报道。虽然海藻酸盐作为骨组织支架材料具有优异的生物相容性、良好的生物可降解性和无免疫原性等优点,但是仍存在机械强度较弱、缺乏细胞特异性结合位点、支架结构在生理环境中易被破坏等缺点,严重限制其在骨组织工程中的应用。目前,研究者已经研究出几大类海藻酸盐复合支架材料,这些材料均表现出优异的力学性能和生化性能,因此,海藻酸盐复合支架材料可能在骨组织修复和再生方面具有较高的应用价值。本文主要针对海藻酸盐复合支架材料在骨组织工程中的应用作简要概述。     

Effect of Molecular Weight of PCL on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of PCL/PET Composite Vascular Scaffold Prototype

A new scaffold has been developed,which made from poly(ε-caprolactone)( PCL) membrane with porous structure,and reinforcement of PCL scaffold was achieved by embedding polyethylene terephthalate(PET) weft-knit tubular fabric. The aim of this paper is to study the variation tendency of the morphology and the mechanical properties of the sample with the changing of molecular weight. Weighing method was used to analyze the porosity of the sample,and scanning electron microscopy( SEM) images were taken to observe porous structure. The tensile and compressive strengths of the samples were tested by the universal mechanical tester and radial compression apparatus, respectively. And the results showed that the porosity and compressive strength were improved when increasing the molecular weight,and the elastic recovery rate was also improved slightly. However, molecular weight has little impact on the tensile strength properties,because the PET tubular fabric provides most of the strength support rather than PCL membrane.     

新型双层皮肤组织工程支架的构建

模拟天然皮肤的真、表皮结构,以胶原和壳聚糖为主要原料构建皮肤组织工程双层支架.将固含量0.8%(mass)的胶原-壳聚糖溶液冻干后压膜,经戊二醛交联后再冻干形成双层支架的底层,然后注入固含量0.2%(mass)的胶原-壳聚糖溶液,经冻干、交联、再冻干即得结构较稳定的双层复合海绵支架.在双层支架上培养的小鼠成纤维细胞贴壁生长正常.本研究构建的胶原-壳聚糖双层支架具有良好的结构稳定性和细胞相容性.     

PLGA组织工程支架的构建及降解行为研究

用本体开环聚合方式合成不同摩尔比的PLGA（n(dl-LA)n(GA)分别为85／15，75／25，65／35，55／45)共聚物。^H NMR和溶解试验结果表明，共聚物各链段呈无规分布，GA序列长度在1.3-1.8之间。通过溶液浇铸造-低热模压-粒子沥滤技术构建了高度多孔的PLGA组织工程支架，考察了它们在Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲溶液中的降解行为。结果表明：随着水解的进行，PLGA的特性粘度及构建的多孔支架的压缩强度迅速下降，共聚物中GA组分含量赵大，下降的速度越快，与之对应的多孔支架的多孔结构形态保持时间也随共聚物中GA组合分含量增加而下降，分别为8周（n(dl-LA)/n(GA)分别为85/15和75/25）、4周（n(dl-LA)/n(GA)为65/35）和2周（n(dl-LA)/n(GA)为55/45）；但质量损失速率比[η下降速度慢得多，多孔支架的降解速率慢于薄膜的降解速率。     

Fabrication of Dex-Loaded Shape Memory Polymer Based Composite Nanofibers ：for Potential Bone Tissue Engineering

Biodegradable shape memory polymers （SMPs） are a class of intelligent materials with great potential for imparting biomaterial scaffolds multifunetionality in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, the biodegradable SMP poly（ D, L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate） （PLMC） incorporated with the ,dexamethasone （Dex）, which was a kind of synthetic bone-formation inducing factor, was fabricated into nanofibers via dectrospinning. The morphology, constituent, thermal and mechanical properties of the produced Dex/PLMC composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform ：infrared spectroscopy （ FTIR ）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, and tensile testing, respectively. Then, ultrasound was ,employed as a remote stimulus to regulate the Dex releasing behavior from the composite nanofibers. It was found that the generated Dex/ PLMC composite nanofibers had a uniform and smooth morphology with a diameter of ca. 564 nm. Mechanical testing results showed that incorporation of the Dex gave rise to improved mechanical performance with the tensile strength, Young＇ s modulus and strain- at-break increased by 18.2 %, 20. 0 % and 64.4 %, respectively. DSC data revealed that the glass transition temperature （ Tg ） of the composite nanofibers, i. e., the thermal transition temperature （Ttrans） for activating shape memory effect, was 39. 7 ℃. Moreover, the release kinetics of the encapsulated Dex in the aanofibers could be manipulated by varying the acoustic power and insonation duration. These results suggested that the newly developed Dex/PLMC nanofibers could be a promising drug delivery system for applications in bone tissue engineering （BTE）.     

肝组织工程支架的仿生设计与有限元分析

为了解决细胞在细胞支架复合培养中难以植入的问题,提出了一种卷裹型支架.将平面多孔支架采用卷裹的方式成型,使细胞在整个支架内部形成螺旋状三维分布,支架表面的管道结构可使培养液在支架内部渗透,从而提高物质交换效率.提出了一种具有仿生参数的流道设计方案,从肝脏血管铸型中提取血管的形状数据,作为仿生学依据进行流道设计,具体为树状多层分支结构.用此流道结构仿生了动脉、静脉的血液循环功能,并利用多孔材料仿生了毛细血管的渗透功能.建立了不同形状参数的流场分析模型,进行流体与多孔材料的渗流分析.结果表明,仿生设计方案的流场分布最为均匀,且平均流速较高,间接表明营养物质的输送效率最高.该支架能够使细胞呈三维分布,并扩大培养液在支架内的有效分布范围,更好地维持细胞的存活、增殖和迁移,为向组织化方向发展奠定了一定的基础.     

Hippocampal Neuron-Derived Extracellular Matrix Coated Nanofibrous Scaffold for Neural Tissue Engineering

The aim of this study is to prepare poly-L-lactide( PLLA) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds coated with hippocampal neuron-derived extracellular matrix( N-ECM)and construct a novel neural tissue engineering scaffold.Neonatal rat hippocampal neurons were seeded on PLLA nanofibers,and then decellularized to derive a cell-free extracellular matrix loaded N-ECM/PLLA modified scaffolds. The morphology and ingredients of N-ECM/PLLA were observed by scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and immunofluorescence staining respectively, and the cytocompatibility of the composite scaffolds was characterized by cell count kit-8( CCK-8) assay. The N-ECM was clearly identified loading on scaffolds when being imaged via SEM and immunofluorescence staining results showed that the N-ECM was made up of fibronectin and laminin. Most importantly, compared with tissue culture polystyrene and pure scaffolds, N-ECM/PLLA scaffolds could effectively facilitate the proliferation of rat adrenal neuroma cells( PC12 cells),indicating their better cell compatibilities. Based on the combination of N-ECM and PLLA biomaterials,the present study has fabricated a unique and versatile neural tissue engineering scaffold,offering a new thought for future neural tissue engineering.     

Properties of Scaffold Reinforcement for Tendon Tissue Engineering in vitro Degradation

Four kinds of braided yarns were produced with different proportions of polyglycolic acid( PGA) and polylactic acid( PLA)multifilaments( 2PGA /1PLA, 2PGA /2PLA, 3PGA /1PLA, and3PGA /2PLA). A novel artificial plain stitch scaffold reinforcement was manufactured by braiding technology and knitting technology respectively. Tendon scaffold reinforcements were investigated for 8weeks in phosphate buffered solution( PBS)( pH = 7. 4) at 37 ℃.The degradation was studied with regard to the mass loss,tensile properties,grams per square meter( g /m2),thickness,caliber,and porosity of scaffold reinforcements. The experimental showed that during the process of 8-week degradation,the mass losses of scaffold reinforcements were small in the first 3-week,but they increased rapidly after 3-week,and the speeds tended to be small gradually after 6-week; the tensile properties dropped rapidly in the first 2-week; the grams per square meter and thicknesses speeded down obviously between 3-week to 6-week. The caliber and porosity of scaffold reinforcements first decreased and then increased gradually. The porosity can reach more than 97%.     

组织工程三维多孔支架制备技术的最新进展

理想的组织工程支架是由具有一定降解性能的高分子材料制成的,制备的支架除了要有一定的孔隙率和适于细胞生长的孔径外,还要有较高的机械性能和生物活性.为此介绍了用于组织工程中的可降解高分子材料,并详细阐述了最新的制备组织工程支架的方法:超临界CO2技术,计算机辅助成型技术,以及静电纺丝技术.     

骨组织工程用纳米羟基磷灰石／细菌纤维素的体外降解行为研究

将细菌纤维素浸泡在模拟体液中沉积而形成的纳米羟基磷灰石／细菌纤维素复合材料（nano-HA／BC）,被认为是在骨组织工程领域中理想的支架材料。从以下几方面分析nano-HA／BC在磷酸盐缓冲液（PBSl中浸泡不同时间后的降解行为及其相应的机制：材料的降解程度、nano．HA颗粒的稳定性和BC的结构变化。结果表明,nano-HA／BC在PBS溶液中浸泡-定时间后,nano-HA颗粒会逐渐溶解或脱落,水分子直接与BC纤维丝相互作用。在水分子和离子的作用下,BC的结晶度降低,BC分子链中分子间和分子内的结合力降低,甚至部分非结晶区内C-O-C键断裂。而C-O-C键的断裂是nHA／BC在PBS溶液中BC大分子降解的主要机制。研究结果对于研究骨组织工程支架材料nHA／BC的体内降解行为具有重要的指导意义。     

角膜组织工程支架壳聚糖-胶原复合膜的性能

制备了壳聚糖-胶原角膜组织工程支架,考察了复合膜支架的光学性能、力学强度、结晶性、吸水率、亲水性、微观形貌及细胞亲和性,发现支架内胶原与壳聚糖两种分子间存在较强的相互作用,且具有良好的相容性,支架表面平滑均一,内部呈现层状有序结构．壳聚糖-胶原复合膜具有优异的透光率和适宜的湿态力学强度．细胞培养实验中,人角膜缘上皮细胞能在支架上较好地粘附和增殖分化,显示复合膜支架具有良好的细胞亲和性．结果表明壳聚糖-胶原复合膜有望成为一种性能良好的角膜组织工程支架．     

胶原修饰快速成形PLGA/TCP人工骨支架体外生物相容性研究

探讨经Ⅰ型胶原修饰的快速成型(RP)聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/磷酸三钙(PLGA/TCP)支架的生物相容性,为进一步体内实验提供研究基础.以经Ⅰ型胶原修饰改性的PLGA/TCP支架作为实验组,未经胶原修饰的原始支架作为对照组,检测两组支架材料的亲水性.BMSCs接种两组支架,分别测定细胞黏附率、细胞增殖率.扫描电镜(SEM)观察细胞黏附形态,以检验支架材料的细胞相容性.结果表明胶原改性支架具有较高的亲水性,实验组细胞黏附率在接种4、8和12 h者,明显优于对照组(P<0.05).实验组在培养2、4、6和8 d的细胞增殖率也明显高于对照组(P<0.05).扫描电镜可见骨髓基质细胞在实验组支架上的增殖数量多于对照组.说明Ⅰ型胶原改性的PLGA/TCP支架具有良好的细胞生物相容性,可作为骨组织工程支架应用于骨缺损的修复研究.     

三种网孔结构组织工程肌腱支架增强体的性能

以聚乙交酯(PGA)复丝和聚丙交酯(PLA)复丝为原料进行合股编织,分别采用小口径圆纬机和手工编织的方法,制得纬平、方形和菱形3种网孔结构的组织工程肌腱支架增强体.探讨了3种支架增强体的延伸性、孔隙率、孔径、强力等性能,并研究了8星期体外降解试验过程中支架增强体的断裂强力、质量损失、厚度、口径及孔隙率等性能的变化规律.结果表明:方形网孔结构的支架增强体延伸性最小、孔隙率和孔径最大;3种支架增强体在降解过程中,前3星期断裂强力急剧下降,厚度有所增加;降解4~6星期后支架的质量损失显著增大,厚度迅速减小;孔隙率在降解过程中呈先减小后增大趋势,在3~4星期时孔隙率值最小;手工编织支架增强体的口径在降解过程中无明显变化,而纬平支架增强体的口径在降解前3星期逐渐减小,3星期后又逐渐增大.     

组织工程人工肌腱支架的制备工艺及降解性能

制备了一种纬编结构的组织工程人工肌腱支架.采用聚羟基乙酸(PGA)和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料进行合股编织,将编织线在小口径圆筒针织机上进行纬平针织造.改变编织过程中的弯纱深度、牵拉力和给纱张力工艺参数,对所编织的组织工程人工肌腱支架进行初始几何性能测试以及拉伸性能测试,探讨各工艺参数对支架性能的影响,从而得到较优良的组织工程人工肌腱支架.将支架置于温度37℃、pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中进行体外降解实验,并对支架进行断裂强力和质量损失测试,进而得到强力和质量损失的变化规律.