阴离子染料水溶液中缔合与解缔的研究

对四磺酸锌酞菁钠染料及二磺酸方酸钠染料在水溶液中的缔合以及用各种阳离子试剂进行解缔现象研究，讨论了解缔的可能性机理，通过实验总结出影响解缔的三个重要因素，染料分子的极性基团的电荷须与试剂的电荷相反；试剂中的长碳链烷基对染料的解缔起很大促进作用，试剂浓度对解缔有很大的影响。     

水溶液中苯甲羟肟酸含量的紫外光度测定法

在详细研究苯甲羟肟酸水溶液紫外吸收光谱的基础上,建立了一种采用紫外光度法直接测定水溶液中苯甲羟肟酸含量的定量分析方法. 苯甲羟肟酸水溶液的紫外吸收光谱随溶液Ph值变化而变化,在中性和碱性介质中找不到合适吸收峰用于苯甲羟肟酸的定量测定. 在0.1 mol·L-1 HCl介质中,227.5 nm波长处的紫外吸收峰相对稳定,苯甲羟肟酸浓度为0.75 mg·L-1～25.0 mg·L-1的范围内,符合朗伯-比尔定律,线性回归相关系数R2为0.999 2,样品测定变异系数为1.92%～2.87%,加标回收率为95.2%～104.3%. 该方法可以直接测定水溶液中的苯甲羟肟酸含量,操作简便,准确可靠.     

螺旋霉素在水溶液中的光降解

通过与5, 10, 15, 20-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉(TCPP)复合,构筑了Ce-Ag₃PO₄/TCPP异质结复合催化剂,研究其对螺旋霉素(SPM)的催化降解性能。采用SEM、XRD、XPS、UV-Vis DRS和FTIR等方法表征和剖析催化剂材料的微观化学结构、化学组成及光化学性能,并进一步阐明光催化降解SPM的反应机理。Ce-Ag₃PO₄/TCPP光催化剂在可见光照射6 h对SPM的降解率为87.7%,降解速率常数是纯Ag₃PO₄的5.8倍。光电化学测量(光电流响应、电化学阻抗)、ESR测试、自由基捕获和PL光谱分析结果表明：铈离子(Ce³⁺)的掺杂,可有效增大催化剂的比表面积,减少电子-空穴对的复合;引入TCPP能加速电子转移,增强光吸收性能,从而提高光催化活性。这种掺杂复合催化剂为高效光降解SPM提供了一种简捷和高效的途径。     

Polarity inverted intracloud discharges and electric charge structure of thunderstorm

The three-dimensional spatial and temporal development of impulsive VHF radiation events during lightning discharges has been analyzed based on the data measured by the lightning mapping array (LMA) system with high space and time resolution. The results indicate that intracloud discharges in the thunderstorm with anormal tripole charge structure occur not only between the upper positive and middle main negative charge region, but also with inverted polarity between the lower positive and middle main negative charge region. The polarity-inverted discharge originates from the middle negative charge and propagates downward to the lower positive region, where then the discharge develops horizontally. The characteristics of the discharge are similar to that of normal intracloud discharge except the polarity opposite. The results further confirmed the existence of the lower positive charge region involved in the lightning discharge. It was also found that the inverted charge structure opposite to the normal polarity ap pears in some storms or at a certain stage of the storm development. In the stor m with a polarity inverted charge structure, a main positive charge region is lo cated at the middle part and a negative charge at the upper part of the storm. T he intracloud discharges occurred between them are of inverted polarity, showing the existence of a polarity inverted charging mechanism in storms and the compl exity of storm charge structure.     

超声波处理苯酚废水的研究

研究了超声波降解苯酚废水的效果和超声波对降解效果的影响因素,实验结果说明溶液初始浓度,温度,pH等因素对苯酚降解效果有明显影响．结果表明：溶液的初始浓度为135．15mg／L,超声辐射时间为4小时,温度为30°C,pH=3．0时,超声波降解苯酚的效果较好,为5．64％．曝气可以促进苯酚的降解,加入H2O2可使降解率提高到61．60％．     

抗生素磺胺甲恶唑在模拟太阳光下的光解

为了弄清磺胺类药物在水体中的环境行为,以磺胺甲恶唑为模型化合物,研究其在模拟太阳光下的光解特征,考察不同因素对降解行为的影响。实验结果表明,磺胺甲恶唑在模拟太阳光下发生光解,光解速率随着质量浓度的升高而下降,最高降解速率达到0.36 h?1;同时,在酸性条件下(尤其p H值小于5),其降解半衰期显著低于碱性条件下(p H值为8)的降解半衰期,最小为2.10 h;并且在不同质量浓度NO3?下磺胺甲恶唑的降解速率会发生变化,低质量浓度促进降解,而高质量浓度抑制降解。     

接触辉光放电等离子体降解水体中的对氯硝基苯

接触辉光放电电解是一种新型的产生等离子体的电化学方法 .实验表明 ,利用该方法可将水体中的对氯硝基苯全部氧化为二氧化碳 .电压、浓度、催化剂对降解率有显著影响 ,pH值对降解无明显影响 .利用高效液相色谱检测了中间产物 ,推测了对氯硝基苯在接触辉光放电降解过程中的机理     

纳米氧化铜对水中三价砷的吸附特性及机理研究

研究纳米氧化铜对三价砷(As(Ⅲ))的吸附性能。采用水热法合成制备纳米氧化铜(CuO-NPs),并将其应用于水中砷离子的吸附脱除,通过透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射(XRD)对CuO-NPs进行表征。制备的CuO-NPs形态稳定,平均直径在20～50nm,且其零电荷点为7. 8。同时,通过批处理吸附试验探究了吸附时间、溶液p H、初始浓度等因素对水中As(Ⅲ)去除率的影响。结果表明:弱碱性条件有利于CuO-NPs对As(Ⅲ)的去除,且p H为8时,CuO-NPs对As(Ⅲ)去除率最高,为97. 05%; As(OH)3和As(OH)2O-与氧化铜水合物之间的配位交换,是As(Ⅲ)被吸附去除的主要途径; As(Ⅲ)对CuO-NPs的等温吸附符合Langmuir方程,最大吸附容量可达1 085. 040 3μg/g,且该过程是自发吸热反应、符合准二级动力学方程。     

超声波处理苯酚废水的研究

研究了超声波降解苯酚废水的效果和超声波对降解效果的影响因素,实验结果说明溶液初始浓度,温度,pH等因素对苯酚降解效果有明显影响．结果表明：溶液的初始浓度为135．15mg／L,超声辐射时间为4小时,温度为30℃,pH=3．0时,超声波降解苯酚的效果较好,为5．64％．曝气可以促进苯酚的降解,加入H2O2可使降解率提高到61．60％．     

Lead removal from aqueous solution by employing natural brucite

The effect and mechanism of the removal of Pb2+ from an aqueous solution by using brucite as the adsorbent were studied.It was revealed that the increase in pH of brucite suspension, as a result of the release of magnesium hydroxide into the suspension,leads to a sharp rise of the adsorption amount of Pb2+ on brucite. The synergism of buffering and adsorption capacities of brucite is responsible for the removal of Pb2+ from the aqueous solution. The coexistence of Cu2+ with Pb2+ causes a decrease of their adsorption on brucite due to a competition for surface sites and brucite exhibits a higher adsorption capacity for Pb2+ than for Cu2+. The percentage adsorption of Pb2+ on brucite could reach 96.38%, 97.20% and 94.09% respectively with the initial pH of the suspension pH_i = 1.76 (initial Pb2+ concentration [Pb2+]_i = 20 μmol/L), 1.82 ([Pb2+]_i = 100 μmol/L) and 1.84 ([Pb2+]_i = 500 μmol/L). It was concluded that brucite is a very efficient mineral adsorbent for Pb2+ removal from polluted acidic water.     

介质球模型中2n极子电位的解析解

根据脑电图EEG的低频特性和生物组织的电特性,利用电介质的介电常数的色散与元电流角频率的关系,得出介质球模型中极子电位的解析解,对脑电问题的研究提供了基础。     

Preparation of CdTe nanocrystal-polymer composite microspheres in aqueous solution by dispersing method

Highly fluorescent CdTe nanocrystals were synthesized in aqueous solution, and then processible CdTe nanocrystal-polymer composites were fabricated by coating the aqueous nanocrystals with copolymers of styrene and octadecyl-p-vinyl-benzyldimethylammonium chloride (SOVDAC) directly. A dichloromethane solution of CdTe nanocrystal-polymer composites was dispersed in the aqueous solution of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) generating highly fluorescent microspheres. Experimental parameters such as the concentration of nanocrystal-polymer composites, the concentration of PVA, and stirring speed which had important effect on the preparation of the microspheres were investigated in detail with fluorescent microscope characterization.     

多元胺溶液吸收/解吸SO2的研究

文章研究了二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺和四乙烯五胺溶液对SO2的吸收/解吸性能,筛选出二乙烯三胺作为吸收剂.添加柠檬酸可有效提高二乙烯三胺溶液解吸率.确定二乙烯三胺/柠檬酸溶液吸收/解吸SO2最优工艺条件为:二乙烯三胺浓度0.2 mol/L,吸收液pH=5.40,吸收温度40℃,解吸温度102℃;其最大吸收量为2.65mol...     

高铁酸盐氧化降解对氯苯酚水溶液的研究

文章研究了高铁酸盐氧化降解对氯苯酚的情况,通过考察高铁酸钾投加量、溶液初始pH和反应时间诸因素对氯苯酚的去除率和脱氯率的影响及降解产物的GC／MS分析,在此基础上对其降解反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明,增加K2FeO4投加量及延长反应时间均对反应有促进作用,溶液在酸性和碱性条件下降解效果明显优于中性条件。正交实验结果表明,在K2FeO4质量浓度为27．6mg／L,pH为3,氧化21．43mg／L的对氯苯酚溶液30min后,对氯苯酚CODCr去除率达到90．3％。     

Degradation of the antibiotic sulfamonomethoxine sodium in aqueous solution by photo-Fenton oxidation

In this study, photo-Fenton oxidation was applied to degradation of sulfamonomethoxine sodium (SMMS) in aqueous solution. The operation parameters of pH, temperature, and concentrations of H2O2, Fe2+ and SMMS were investigated. The optimum conditions for the photo-Fenton process were determined as follows: [SMMS]=4.53 mg/L, pH 4.0, [H2O2]=0.49 mmol/L, [Fe2+]= 19.51 μmol/L and T=25°C. Under these conditions 98.5% of the SMMS degraded. The kinetics were also studied, and degradation of SMMS by the photo-Fenton process could be described by first-order kinetics. The apparent activation energy was calculated as 23.95 kJ/mol. Mineralization of the process was investigated by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the COD decreased by 99% after 120 min. This process could be used as a pretreatment method for wastewater containing sulfamonomethoxine sodium.     

接触辉光放电等离子体降解水溶液中4-氯苯酚

为深入了解接触辉光放电等离子体降解水中有机污染物的机理,用高效液相色谱法检测了4-氯苯酚的降解中间产物,用光度法检测了溶液中生成的过氧化氢.结果表明:在4-氯苯酚降解的同时溶液中有大量过氧化氢产生,4-氯苯酚的降解速率和过氧化氢的生成速率随着电流的升高而加快;4-氯苯酚的去除率和过氧化氢的生成速率随着4-氯苯酚初始质量浓度的升高而降低,但4-氯苯酚的绝对去除量随着4-氯苯酚初始质量浓度的升高而增加.铁盐对4-氯苯酚的去除有明显的催化作用,铁离子的催化效果优于亚铁离子.无催化剂时4-氯苯酚的降解中间产物主要为羟基化苯酚;在铁盐存在下主要的中间产物为对4-氯儿茶酚、对苯醌和对苯二酚.