Regioselective one-pot protection of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are involved in a wide range of biological processes. These structurally diverse compounds are more complex than other biological polymers, and are often present as heterogeneous mixtures in nature. The chemical synthesis of carbohydrates is one way to obtain pure oligosaccharides, but it is hampered by difficulties associated with the regioselective protection of polyhydroxyls and challenges related to the stereoselective assembly of glycosidic linkages. Here we describe a combinatorial, and highly-regioselective, method that can be used to protect individual hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide. This approach can be used to install an orthogonal protecting group pattern in a single reaction vessel (a 'one-pot' reaction), which removes the need to carry out the time-consuming isolation and purification of intermediates. Hundreds of building blocks have been efficiently prepared starting from d-glucose, and the iterative coupling of these building blocks enabled us to assemble beta-1,6-glucans and a library of oligosaccharides based on the influenza-virus-binding trisaccharide.     

Production of dimethylfuran for liquid fuels from biomass-derived carbohydrates

Diminishing fossil fuel reserves and growing concerns about global warming indicate that sustainable sources of energy are needed in the near future. For fuels to be useful in the transportation sector, they must have specific physical properties that allow for efficient distribution, storage and combustion; these properties are currently fulfilled by non-renewable petroleum-derived liquid fuels. Ethanol, the only renewable liquid fuel currently produced in large quantities, suffers from several limitations, including low energy density, high volatility, and contamination by the absorption of water from the atmosphere. Here we present a catalytic strategy for the production of 2,5-dimethylfuran from fructose (a carbohydrate obtained directly from biomass or by the isomerization of glucose) for use as a liquid transportation fuel. Compared to ethanol, 2,5-dimethylfuran has a higher energy density (by 40 per cent), a higher boiling point (by 20 K), and is not soluble in water. This catalytic strategy creates a route for transforming abundant renewable biomass resources into a liquid fuel suitable for the transportation sector, and may diminish our reliance on petroleum.     

用反相色谱法研究聚合物本体的色谱行为

反相色谱法已广泛应用于线型聚合物物理性质的研究,通常是将聚合物涂敷在色谱担体上作固定相来进行的。我们初步探索了以聚合物本体作固定相的色谱行为,并与传统的方法作了比较。实验结果表明,对于玻璃化转变和结晶-熔融过程、结晶度的测量等,两种方法所得的结果大体一致;对于相互作用参数等的测定,两种方法所得结果有较大的差异。我们对造成这种差异的原因作了初步解释,并且研究了本体固定相的颗粒大小对比保留值的影响。     

4种党参花粉多糖的纸层析和气相色谱分析

4种党参花粉多糖CPB,CPC,CPD,CPE经酸全水解后,用纸层析和气相色谱分析,确定了它们的糖基组成,并对中性糖基进行了定量分析。     

石油亚砜组份的色谱分离

用经典硅胶柱色谱预分离石油亚砜 PSO 为四个组份后用高效液相色谱对其中的第三个组份 PSO3进行分离制备.通过大量的色谱试验,建立较好的色谱条件,把 PSO3再分离成七个不同的组份,并对其中的两个组份 PSO3c 和 PSO3e 作进一步的色谱分离和纯化,最终获得较纯的亚砜组份,用作结构分析和性能研究.     

非平衡双柱循环色谱研究

从理论和实验丙方面对双柱循环色谱分离过程进行了研究,建立了相应的非平衡模型,以蔗糖和还原糖的双柱循环色谱分离过程进行了实验分析,并采用计算机对该分离过程进行了模拟,实验结果表明,非平衡数学模型计算出的理论流出曲线与实验流出曲线比较吻合,计算机模拟分析结果表明,双柱循环色谱分离产率随着循环次数的增加而增大,采用双柱循环色谱分离获得的分离产率比传统的色谱分离可提高50％以上,当体系中表观选择性系数较小,轴向扩散较严重以及液固两相间的传质阻力较大时,使用双柱循环色谱分离可比使用单柱色谱分离获得更高的分离产率。     

小麦茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物代谢与调控研究进展

 小麦遭遇逆境时花后光合作用减弱,茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）作为主要灌浆物质来源对产量贡献率可达20%~50%。因此,了解茎鞘NSC的代谢规律,明确栽培管理措施和遗传育种改良对NSC代谢的影响,对于充分发挥NSC在小麦抗逆稳产中的作用具有重要意义。以小麦茎鞘NSC主要成分--果聚糖为例,概述了NSC的结构与合成、运输与降解;分析了小麦茎鞘NSC的功能,特别是对低温冻害和高温干旱逆境的响应;讨论了品种选择、水分管理、氮肥运筹等栽培措施对茎鞘NSC的调控作用;展望利用茎鞘NSC进行抗逆育种的前景。     

气相色谱法测定工业环丁砜中杂质含量

介绍一种气相色谱法测定工业环丁砜中杂质含量的分析方法,并对该方法的实验条件进行了探讨.结果表明,该方法的回收率在97.1%～98.8%之间,能够满足分析方法要求,指导车间生产.     

杯芳烃衍生物在色谱分析中的应用研究进展

杯芳烃是继环糊精和冠醚之后的第三代超分子物质,兼环糊精、冠醚之所长,具备更高的选择性,其分子识别功能在现代分离科学中已有较为广泛的应用.本文对其在色谱分离中的应用进展进行综述.     

苯硫酚的气相色谱分析

实验中采用 3×0.5×3000mm不锈钢色谱柱 ,内填充15 %SE -30/Chromosorb(60～80目) ,对苯硫酚进行分离和测定 ,在所选择的色谱操作条件下 ,试样中主要成分、内标物及杂质之间有较好的分离效果。以环己醇为内标物时 ,苯硫酚的相对质量校正因子较稳定 ,fis=1.70±0.03。该方法操作简便 ,能准确、快捷地测定苯硫酚的含量 ,可适用于化工生产过程中的产品质量检验。     

联苯胺亲和层析纯化尿激酶

利用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯与乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯经悬浮聚合反应合成亲水性亲和载体骨架,骨架上的不环氧基与氨水反应,继之与丁二酸酐反应,最后与配基联苯胺偶联制备亲和载体,配基密度为５４μｍｏｌ／ｇ湿胶。亲和载体吸附激酶的最佳条件为ＰＨ４．６和２．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ;测定了吸附等温线,算得离常数Ｋｄ为３１６ＩＵ／ｍｌ,了大吸附量ｑｍ为２．３８３×１０＾４Ｕ／ｍＬ湿胶,洗脱条件为含０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ