完全四部图的色性

设G是一个图，P(G，λ)是G的色多项式．若P(G，λ)=P(H，λ)，则称G和H是色等价的，简单地用G～H表示．令[G]={H\H～G)．若[G]={G)，称G是色唯一的．用G=K(n1，n2，n3，n4)表示完全四部图且2≤n1≤n2≤n3≤n4，得到了[G]С{K(x，y，z，w)-S｜z y w =n1 n2 n3 n4,1≤z≤y≤z≤w≤n4-1，或1≤x≤y≤z≤n3-1和w=n4U{G}，其中S是K(x，y，z，w)的某s条边组成的集合且K(x，y，z，w)-s表示从K(x，y，z，w)中删去S中所有边得到的图．从而证明了当n≥k 2，t≥2时，K(n-k，n，n，n)是色唯一的．     

一类完全三部图K(m,n,r)的色唯一性的判定

设G是简单图,用P(G,λ)表示图G的色多项式,若对任意简单图H使P(H,λ)=P(G,λ),都有H与G同构,则称G是色唯一图。令K(m,n,r)表示完全三部图,证明了(1)设m≤n≤r,0≤r-m≤4,若m≥2,则除去K(2,2,6)、K(2,3,6)、K(3,3,7)、K(3,4,7)外,K(m,n,r)是色唯一图。(2)若n≥4,0≤k≤2,则K(n-k,n,n k)是色唯一图。     

三部图K(m,n,r)-A(|A|=2)的色唯一性

设G是简单图,用P(G,λ)表示图G的色多项式,令K(m,n,r)表示完全三部图.证明了1)当3≤m≤n≤r时,令s=1/√6√(n-m)2 (r-n)2 (r-m)2 12,若m n r＞2√3s 3s2,则K(m,n,r)-A(|A|=2)是色唯一图;2)当m≥4时,K(m,m,m)-A,K(m,m,m 1)-A,K(m,m 1,m 1)-A,(|A|=2)都是色唯一图;3)设n,k为非负整数,则当n＞k2 2√k2 6 k 2时,K(n-k,n,n)-A;当n＞k2 2√k2 6-k/3 2时,K(n,n,n k)-A;当n＞2√3k2 6 k2 2时,K(n-k,n,n k)-A(|A|=2)均为色唯一图.     

关于完全3部图的色唯一性

文章设P(G,λ)是图G的色多项式,若对于任意与图G的色多项式相等(P(G,λ)=P(H,λ))的图H都与图G同构(G≌H),则称图G是色唯一图;通过比较3部图的4色类的划分数证明,如果4≤v+2≤k≤2v,n>(k-1)2/4,则完全3部图K(n,n+v,n+k)是色唯一图。     

轮W_(n+1)和W_(m+1)关于K_r-粘合的色等价类和广义树

设m和n是偶数（m,n≥4）,给出了3个色等价类{{W(n+1)W(m=1)},{K3}},{{W(n+2),W(m+1),K3},{K3,K2}},{{W(n+1),W(m+1),K3,K2},{K3,K2,K1}}的基本特征,分析了它们之间的关系．最后给出了广义树的色多项式P（G）＝λ（λ－1）（λ－q3）…（λ－qn）,（1≤qi≤i－1,i＝3,4,…,n）．这些结果在证明上述3个色等价类是完全类时是有用的．     

P_n~k和T_((k_1,k_2,…,k_n))的色多项式

本文研究了图Pnk和T(k1,k2,…,kn)的色多项式,得到P2n、P3n和T(k1,k2,…,kn)的色多项式递推公式,以及Pn2仅当n≤4时是色唯一图,T(k1,k2,…,kn)仅当n=1是色唯一图等结论.     

关于完全三部图色唯一性的判定

G是简单图,用P(G,λ)表示图的色多项式.若对任意简单图H当P(H,λ)=P(G,λ)时,都有HG,则称G是色唯一图.Liu R.,Zhao H. X.和Ye C.已经证明:当n和k为整数且满足n≥k 2≥4,完全三部图K(n-k,n,n)是色唯一的;当n和k满足n≥2k≥4时,完全三部图K(n-k,n-1,n)是色唯一的.在本文中,证明了当k是奇数且n≥k2/4 15/4≥6,或k是偶数且n≥k2/4 4≥5时,完全三部图K(n-k,n-2,n)是色唯一的;当k是奇数且n≥k2/4 19/4≥7,或k是偶数且n≥k2/4 5≥9时,K(n-k,n-3,n)是色唯一的.     

Pkn和T(k1,k2,…,kn)的色多项式

本文研究了图Pkn和T(k1,k2,…,kn)的色多项式,得到P2n、P3n和T(k1,k2,…,kn)的色多项式递推公式,以及P2n仅当n≤4时是色唯一图,T(k1,k2,…,kn)仅当n=1是色唯一图等结论.     

完全三部图K(n-4,n,n)的色唯一性

设G是简单图,用P（G,λ）表示图G的色多项式．若对任意图H使P（H,λ）＝P（G,λ）,都有H与G同构,则称G是色唯一图．用K（m,n,r）表示完全三部图,证明了当K＝4时,如下猜想[1]成立：对非负整数n,k,当n≥k＋2时,K（n－k,n,n）是色唯一图．即当n≥6时,K（n－4,n,n）是色唯一图．     

一类具有整根色多项式的图的色等价类

用P(G,λ)表示简单图G的色多项式,文章采用数学归纳法刻画了一类具有整根色多项式图的结构特征为P(G,λ)=λ(λ-1)(λ-2)m(λ-3)…(λ-n+1)(n≥3,n,m∈Z+),从而证明色等价类[G]中的图都是弦图.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has