基于车-椅耦合的转向架垂向悬挂系统阻尼比协同优化

针对高速列车转向架垂向悬挂系统中存在的阻尼匹配问题,根据1/4车体-座椅垂向行驶振动模型,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了转向架垂向悬挂系统阻尼比协同优化设计仿真模型.以人体振动舒适性最佳为目标,建立了转向架一系和二系垂向悬挂系统阻尼比协同优化设计数学模型.以轨道高低不平顺作为输入激励,以一系及二系悬挂垂向行程和一系悬挂动静态力之比为约束条件,建立了基于转向架车体-座椅耦合的转向架垂向悬挂系统阻尼比协同优化设计方法.通过设计实例及仿真验证可知,优化后高速列车的乘坐舒适性显著提高,座椅垂向振动加权加速度均方根值降低了21.7%,表明所建立的优化设计方法是正确的.     

汽车平顺性客观评价方法

现行国标GB4970-1996《汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验方法》与国际上通行的振动评价方法有一定差异,而且国内对汽车平顺性的特点研究不够深入。分析了国际上的几种振动评价方法。进行汽车平顺性道路试验,测量驾驶员坐垫处、靠背处、脚以及坐垫转动等10个轴向的振动,以期全面分析汽车平顺性的特点,进而提出合理的客观评价方法。试验表明座椅垂向振动加权系数wk和wb对振动评价指标影响很小;利用时域法分析得振动的峰值因子在4～8之间;分析了各轴向振动所占的比重,发现坐垫垂向振动、靠背前后振动和坐垫俯仰角振动对振动舒适性影响较大。试验分析表明现行汽车平顺性国家标准对汽车中人体所承受的振动约低估了3dB。结合试验结果,提出了一种简便有效的测量方法。     

SY6480轻型客车平顺性试验及评价

依据GB4970一85汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验方法对SY6480轻型客车进行室外道路试验。测得了座椅、地板和车桥的振动加速度。结果表明：随着车速的增加，座椅和地板振动加速度功率谱的幅值有所增加：在车速相同驶时，沙石路面的振动的幅值比沥青路大。最后用综合振动舒适度评价法对SY6480轻型客车的平顺性进行评价。     

基于人车耦合动力学模型的重型卡车平顺性仿真与优化

以某三轴重型卡车为研究对象,建立了考虑人车耦合作用的23自由度动力学模型,应用谐波叠加法建立了路面激励模型作为振动系统的输入,根据拉格朗日方程推导了人车耦合模型的动力学方程并通过Newmark算法实现动力学方程的求解,研究了人车耦合作用对车辆和人体振动响应的影响;根据ISO2631-1:1997(E)中的车辆平顺性评价方法,考虑人体大腿的垂向振动和背部的垂向振动、前后振动,以人体综合振动加权加速度均方根值为指标对重型卡车的平顺性进行评价,探究了车辆悬架、驾驶室悬置和座椅悬架的刚度阻尼参数对重型卡车平顺性的影响,并采用带有收缩因子的粒子群算法对车辆的平顺性进行了优化.研究结果表明:考虑人车耦合作用会改变车辆座椅、人体大腿和背部等部位的振动响应,车速较低时人车耦合作用对平顺性仿真结果的影响较大,在进行车辆平顺性仿真研究时需要考虑人车耦合的作用;在人车耦合条件下,车辆悬架、驾驶室悬置以及座椅悬架的刚度阻尼参数均对车辆平顺性产生影响,且在不同参数区间范围内影响程度有所不同;综合考虑车辆悬架、驾驶室悬置以及座椅悬架的刚度阻尼参数的匹配,实现了整车平顺性优化,在不同车速下人体综合振动加权加速度均方根值与优化前相比降幅均超过38%,考虑多参数匹配的平顺性优化效果显著.     

改装汽车的平顺性试验分析

对若干种型号的改装汽车进行了平顺性实际测试。计算与分析,其内容包括悬挂系统部分固有频率与相对阻尼系数的测定,在确定激励下汽车振动试验和路面随即激励下的平顺性试验等。本文通过数据处理与分析,讨论了共性问题产生的原因,提出了改进措施。     

结构参数对汽车平顺性影响的研究

掌握汽车行驶平顺性的评价指标和人体对振动反应的感觉界限;掌握汽车振动系统物简化方法,了解汽车平顺性的影响因素。     

汽车振动系统动态参数优化

汽车悬架及司机磨椅动态参数对汽车行驶的平顺性有着重要影响，以八自由度弹簧质量系统作为汽车振动系统的力学模型，用前后四轮路面随机激励作为系统输入，对车厢及司机座椅的输入功率谱进行分析，在此基础上对该模型的悬架及司机座椅动态参数进行优化，并给出悬架参数及司机座椅参数的优化结果。     

11自由度非线性车辆平顺性模型的研究及应用

在分析车辆平顺性的基础上,建立了11自由度平顺性分析的模型,在传统模型的基础上增加了座椅,同时考虑了悬架的非线性因素.所建立的模型考虑了车身的俯仰及侧倾,以及座椅对车辆平顺性的影响,使分析模型更加详细和完整.利用变步长积分法得到车身的垂向振动、俯仰振动和侧倾振动加速度,以及4个座椅振动加速度,分析了不同路面、不同行驶速度和不同乘坐位置对车辆平顺性的影响.结果表明,考虑座椅的11自由度平顺性模型的分析结果更符合实际,比直接用车身来衡量平顺性的结果更精确.     

基于虚拟样机技术的汽车平顺性仿真研究

以某双横臂悬架汽车为研究对象,运用虚拟样机技术,建立前悬架虚拟样机模型.通过虚拟仿真,得到其前轮定位参数,揭示其运动学规律.基于ADAMS/Car建立整车仿真模型;建立粗糙水泥路面随机激励及脉冲路面激励,并分别进行汽车平顺性仿真.得到相应的人体振动加权加速度均方根值和座椅处的最大垂向加速度,分别对随机路面激励和脉冲路面激励下的汽车平顺性进行评价.结果表明:随机路面激励下汽车具有较好的平顺性,脉冲路面激励下对乘员健康无危害.     

基于路面激励的汽车振动信号处理

汽车已成为大众生活的必需品.要提高车辆的平顺性,关键就要使其振动的频谱不在人体的敏感区域.以Matlab软件为计算平台,对从实车上采集的数字信号进行处理,得到其振动频谱.通过频谱分析,可以确定其参数是否合适.这对如何处理振动信号及提高汽车的平顺性有现实的意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that