农杆菌介导的DREB1A基因转化多花黑麦草及其转化体系的优化

采用携带卡那霉素抗性基因nptII和GUS基因的ubiquitin启动子驱动的表达载体pBI121／DREB1A的根癌农杆菌AGL1, 对多花黑麦草幼胚来源的胚性愈伤组织进行了遗传转化,并优化了各种影响因素。胚性愈伤组织经根癌农杆菌感染和共培养后,用50mg／L巴龙霉素筛选抗性愈伤组织,待抗性愈伤组织在IB分化培养基上分化成苗后用25mg／L卡那霉素进一步筛选再生植株, 获得了部分抗性植株。抗性植株的总DNA用DREB1A基因的特异引物进行PCR检测,转化频率为2.14％,PCR-Southern blot进一步验证了转化植株基因组中含有该外源基因。各种影响转化效率因素的优化实验表明,当转化时菌液浓度的OD600为2.0、侵染时间为1h、共培养时间为2d、共培养温度为21℃及在共培养期间使用乙酰丁香酮等,均可明显提高转化频率。     

多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体的构建及拟南芥转化

多基因植物表达载体用于植物遗传转化是培育具有多种优良品质作物的有效策略. 双T-DNA系统是实现筛选完成后选择标记基因删除的一种简便可行的方式. 为培育高度抗逆或去除标记基因的农作物,构建了多基因双T-DNA植物表达载体2T-bbgdD,其中含有一个抗除草剂基因bar, 3个抗逆相关基因(DREB1A, Na+依赖性Pi转运体基因（d5）, betA)和一个报告基因gfp. 利用农杆菌介导法将该载体转入拟南芥,获得了多基因共转化及去除标记基因的转基因拟南芥. 可将此植物表达载体进一步用于作物的遗传转化.     

影响根癌农杆菌转化水稻频率的因素研究

根癌农杆菌与来自水稻成熟种子的愈伤组织共培养,将外源基因导入水稻愈伤组织,并获得了转基因植株．通过比较影响根癌农杆菌转化频率的各种因素,表明在转化过程中酚类化合物和单糖的加入使农杆菌的转化频率提高了０．９％～１７．４％．在共培养时农杆菌的稀释方式也是影响农杆菌转化频率的重要因素     

邻单胞菌邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶基因(tfdC)在拟南芥中表达的初步研究

将从一株邻单胞菌中克隆到的一个新的邻苯二酚1，2－双加氧酶基因（tfd C)的起始密码子由GTG突变成ATG，并克隆到农杆菌双元载体pPZPY122中，利用农杆菌介导转化模式植物拟南芥，获得了转化植株，经过PCR，PCR－Southern和Southern dot blot方法检测证实，ftd C基因已经整合到拟南芥基因组中，邻苯二酚1，2－双加氧酶酶活性检测表明，转基因植株具有一定的酶活性，而未转化的植株则不具有酶活性。     

根癌农杆菌介导苜蓿体胚转化及转基因植株再生

用含质粒载体pCAMBIA2301(带有受CaMV35S启动子调控的GUS基因和nptⅡ基因)的根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens转化晋南苜蓿Medicago sativa L.cv.Jinnan的体胚组织,发现负压处理有利于提高转化频率(可达35%),3批共158个体胚切块的转化实验共获得具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株15株,经组织化学染色和分子检测,证实GUS基因已整合到转化植株基因组中,在芽、叶片、叶柄和根等组织中均有表达,并在土壤栽培过程中保持稳定的表达.     

Expression of two insect-resistant genes crylA ( b&c )/GNA in transgenic tobacco plants results in added protection against both cotton bollworm and aphids

The synthesized Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene crylA(b&c) and the synthesized gene GNA, (the mannose specific lectin from snowdrop ( Galanthus nivalis)), tumefaciens have been inserted into plant expression vector pGW4BAI. Leave stripes of Nico-tiana tabacum var. K326 have been transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. 28 kanamycin resistant tobacco plants have been obtained. PCR and Southern blot analyses show that the foreign crylA and GNA genes have been inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Haemagglutination assays show that GNA has a functional activity. Leaf disc bioassays against cotton bollworm ( H. armigera) show that the transgenic tobacco plants have a high insecticidal activity. The inhibition of aphid population in leaf disc bioassays against Myzus persicae shows that the fecundity of aphid on transgenic plants is lower than that on untransformed plants; the aphid population on the transgenic tobacco plants is 25%-70% that on untransformed tobacco plants. ELISA analysis of CrylA protein in tobcco leaves provides similar data to bioassay results. Through the two bioassays against H. armigera and M. persicae, several transgenic tobacco plants showing high insect-resistant activities to both pests have been obtained.     

土壤农杆菌C58遗传转化东北红豆杉的初步研究

用土壤农杆菌C58(AgrobacteriumtumefaciensC58)对东北红豆杉(Taxuscuspidata)不同外植体和不同生长时期的愈伤组织进行了不同时间的感染,结果表明,20d龄的愈伤组织对C58菌比较敏感.感染时间为5min时冠瘿诱导率较高(15.0%).对在无激素B5培养基上得到的白色松软的冠瘿组织分析检测发现,有特异的胭脂碱(nopaline)存在,并具有产生紫杉醇的能力.     

Transgenic tobacco plants harboring tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene and their insect resistance

The plant expression vectors pBCT2 and pBT2 were constructed with the cDNA sequence (tin2) and genomic DNA sequence (tin2i) of tomato proteinase inhibitor II gene respectively. Then the two expression vectors were transferred into tobacco via the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404, and transgenic tobacco plants were generated. Molecular analysis and trypsin activity assay showed that both cDNA and genomic DNA were expressed properly in the transgenic plants. Insecticidal activities in these transgenic plants indicated that transgenic tobacco plants carrying tin2i sequence were more resistant to 2-instar larvae of Heliothis armigera Hubner than those carrying tin2 sequence. Therefore the intron of tin2i sequence might be a contributor to insecticidal activity of the transgenic tobacco.     

Introduction of rice chitinase gene into wheat via low energy Ar+ beam implantation

A chitinase gene (RCH8) in plasmid vector pCAMBIA1308 was delivered into 3 wheat cultivars (Yangmai 158, Wan 9210, Wanmai 32) by low energy Ar⁺ beam-mediated method. Preliminary calli from treated mature embryos were first selected on hygromycin (Hm, 20 or 30 mg/L) containing medium. After the resistant calli formed, they were transferred to the regeneration medium with 10 or 20 mg/L Hm. All the three wheat varieties obtained transgenic plants. PCR and PCR-Southern assays showed that most plants regenerated from the resistant calli were positive transgenic plants. Southern blot of the positive green plants confirmed stable integration of alien DNA into wheat genome. The plant transformation frequencies varied with the variety and ion dose implanted. Wanmai 32 possessed the highest transformation frequency, reaching 3.8% at a suitable implantation dose. The transformation frequency of Yangmai 158 and Wan 9210 varied from 0.5% to 2.5% and from 0.5% to 1.4%, respectively. Progeny test for resistance to wheat scab showed that the leaf extract of R₁ generation inhibited the growth of wheat scab strain R₀ and F₁₅.     

Transgene directionally integrated into C-genome of Brassica napus

Transgenic Brassica napus has been widely planted in Canada, the United States, and some other countries. In China, although the policy for genetically modified foods has not yet opened, genetically modified rape- seed oil as raw material for biodiesel of…     

土壤农杆菌C58遗传转化东北红豆杉的初步研究

This paper demonstrates that callus of Taxus cuspidata could be transformed genetically by Agrobacterium tumefaciens C₅₈ and the bacterial genes transformed into the plant genome could express. Explants and calli of T.cuspidata were inoculated with C₅₈ for different time and the highest crown gall formation frequency (15.0%) was achieved with 20-day-old callus inoculated for 5 minutes. Explants were less susceptibility than calli. In contrast to untransformed callus tissue, the crown gall could proliferate on hormone-free medium and produced nopaline. By HPLC analysis, gall cells were able to synthesize taxol (0.0013% dry weight.)     

用基因枪法将AGP基因导入水稻的初步研究

以水稻成熟种子的愈伤组织为受体，采用基因枪法将AGP基因导入水稻细胞，通过组织培养和抗性筛选，得到了转基因植株，转基因植株总DNA的PCR分析初步表明，目的基因已整合到水稻的基因组中。     

通过遗传转化获得含多基因的水稻转基因纯合植株

利用基因枪法将含有4个不同基因的3个质粒共转化由粳稻品种鄂宜105号和鄂晚5号种子胚诱导的愈伤组织（5－10d龄）。从轰击的986块愈合组织中共再生出169株独立的转基因水稻植株（转化率为17％）。PCR／Southern blot分析显示70％以上的转基因植株含有所有4个基因。GUS组织化学分析、Western blot和或RT－PCR分析表明所有4个基因的共表达率为70％。未观察到任何质粒在整合中存在优势,转基因拷贝数也与基因表达量无关。遗传分析证实外源基因在后代植株中大多以孟德尔方式遗传。从其R1代为3：1孟德尔方式遗传的后代R2代植株中,鉴定含有3个或4个不同基因的转基因纯合植株系。PCR／Southern blot分析证实了这些转基因纯合植株系。这些系的植株具有相似的外源基因表达量。我们证实通过基因枪介导的共转化,结合常规育种方法筛选可以获得含多基因的转基因水稻纯合植株。这项技术为利用基因同时改良作用多个性状提供了一种途径。     

根癌农杆菌介导的百脉根遗传转化体系的优化研究

百脉根(L otus corn icu la tus L.)是世界著名的多年生优良豆科牧草之一,也是常见的庭院观赏植物.本文通过比较不同根癌农杆菌转化百脉根的效率和优化百脉根子叶遗传转化的条件,建立了一套有效的遗传转化体系.实验结果表明,EHA 105作为宿主菌对百脉根进行转化较LBA 4404和GV 3101具有更高的转化率;5 d苗龄的子叶最适合作为转化的外植体;浸染过程中0.05 M Pa负压处理5 m im以及在共培养培养基中添加20 m g/L的乙酰丁香酮均可提高转化效率.卡那霉素抗性植株经3次选择继代培养后,PCR检测全部为阳性.对部分PCR阳性植株进行PCR-Sou thern杂交,证实PCR产物真实可靠,表明外源基因已整合进入百脉根基因组中.     

不同土地利用方式对华西雨屏区坡地土壤肥力及土壤酶活性的影响

利用坡面径流场,采用修正后的内梅罗指数法,通过对华西雨屏区坡地不同土地利用方式、不同坡度的自然生草、黑麦草和灌木的土壤肥力及土壤酶活性影响的研究,结果表明:5°坡度,自然生草土壤pH值、有机质和全氮含量小于黑麦草,而土壤全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均高于黑麦草.15°坡度,土壤pH值大小顺序为灌木黑麦草自然生草;全磷和有效磷含量大小顺序为灌木自然生草黑麦草;有机质、全氮、全钾、碱解氮和速效钾含量大小顺序为自然生草灌木黑麦草.土壤综合肥力系数大小为5°自然生草5°黑麦草、15°灌木15°自然生草15°黑麦草,且五种土地利用方式的土壤肥力均为一般,说明具有生物多样性的自然生草对华西雨屏区表层土壤的肥力提高效果优于黑麦草,而木本植物对华西雨屏区表层土壤的肥力提高效果最好.     

农杆菌介导的胆碱脱氢酶基因(betA)转化小麦及影响转化效率的因素

用LBA4404／pCDH，Agl 1／pUNN2和Ag;P(无质粒)3种菌株分别转化小麦品种济南177、99P、核生3号幼胚诱导的愈伤组织以及济南177的幼胚．其中以胚性愈伤组织为外植体，获得了转基因植株．PCR和PCR-Southem分析证实转化植株中包含了外源基因．通过染色体分析，发现胚性愈伤组织在农杆菌LBA4404侵染后形成的染色体削减比经Agl1侵染和未经感染的对照形成的染色体削减程度更大，甚至发现较多的染色体断片．分析了农杆菌菌株，材料的基因型，外植体类型，培养时间和温度以及筛选的时间和周期对于转化效率的影响．     

Salt tolerance of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) with mtlD gene and gutD gene

Southern blot analysis indicated that mtlD gene (encoding mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase) and gutD gene (encoding glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) had been integrated into the rice genome mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404(pBIGM). The expression of the above two genes in transgenic rice plants was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis and enzymatic activity assay. Analysis of sugar alcohol showed that transgenic rice plants could produce and accumulate mannitol and sorbitol. The salt tolerance of transgenic plants was much higher than that of their controls.     

根癌农杆菌介导的异角状拟盘多毛孢菌转化系统研究

以携带潮霉素B磷酸转移酶抗性基因(hph)的pBHt1作为转化载体,根癌农杆菌AGL-1作为转化介体,实施转化异角状拟盘多毛孢菌。研究发现,异角状拟盘多毛孢菌的最优转化体系为:异角状拟盘多毛孢菌分生孢子悬浮液浓度为1×106个/mL,根癌农杆菌OD600为0.3,共培养时间48 h,共培养温度为25℃,诱导培养基中乙酰丁香酮(AS)浓度为200μmol/L,选择培养基添加250μg/mL潮霉素B、250μg/mL头孢噻肟钠。1×106个异角状拟盘多毛孢菌分生孢子可以产生200～300个转化子,随机挑选10个转化子进行PCR检测,均能扩增出预期条带,且在不含潮霉素B的PDA培养基平板上转化子连续培养5代后,hph基因仍能稳定遗传,这表明T-DNA已经插入到异角状拟盘多毛孢菌的基因组中。此次建立的异角状拟盘多毛孢菌的转化体系可为该病菌的功能基因研究和寄主与病原菌的互作研究提供有效的工具。