大尺度钢筋混凝土双向板的受拉薄膜效应分析

针对板块平衡法缺乏足尺试验验证的缺点,选取2块4.6 m×2.7 m钢筋混凝土矩形板和2块2.7 m×2.7 m钢筋混凝土方形板,进行了模拟均布荷载作用下的大挠度加载试验.试验结果表明:在形成塑性铰线时,板块平衡法中的挠度特征值计算公式对矩形板有效,对方形板则较为保守;板块平衡法中原有的最大挠度特征值计算公式对混凝土双向板较为保守.为此,对形成塑性铰线时的挠度特征值计算公式进行了修正,并提出了新的最大挠度特征值计算公式.将其应用于板块平衡法中,根据已有的混凝土板试验数据,对混凝土板的极限承载力进行了理论和试验的对比分析.结果表明,修正的板块平衡法可以准确地计算大变形下考虑受拉薄膜效应影响的极限承载力.     

弹性基础上预应力中厚矩形板的横向振动

基于Reddy高阶剪切板理论，研究预加均匀温度场和面内机械荷载作用下，双参数弹性基础上各同同性中厚矩形板的振动特性，给出了确定板振动频率的半解析数值方法，通过算例考察了温度变化，面内荷载、基础刚度参数、边界条件、横向剪切变形等对板振动特性的影响，结果表明，温度升高与预加面内压力将使板的自振频率下降，而增加基础刚度和预加面内拉力则有助于提高板的自振频率。     

西太平洋俯冲带岩石圈变形研究

全球海洋岩石圈的最大弯曲与大地震发生在俯冲带。当弯曲应力超过岩石承受范围，就会产生正断层和地震，海水沿着正断层进入上地幔并发生蛇纹石化，引发浅源地震并可能造成灾难性海啸。选取西太平洋最具代表性的日本、伊豆-小笠原、马里亚纳和雅浦俯冲带以及汤加-克马德克俯冲带，归纳近些年的地球物理观测及地球动力学模拟的结果，对比分析了不同俯冲带挠曲正断层的分布特征，并探讨了俯冲板块变形与地震之间的相关性,以揭示俯冲板片弯曲变形及相应的正断层与潜在板块水化特征。     

单向体外预应力加固混凝土双向板的弯压性能分析

以张拉单向体外预应力加固的混凝土双向板为研究对象,说明了体外预应力在双向板加固中的构造特点,推导给出了几种加固工况下四边简支双向板弯曲变形和平面内压力荷载作用效应的计算公式.研究表明,单向张拉体外预应力可以减少双向板的挠度变形,降低双向板的内力,具有明显的加固效果.     

强中纬力作用下地球板块的运移

以一个块体的理论运动轨迹特殊对象 ,分析在强中纬力作用下 ,地球板块在高纬度带 (6 8°2 7′～ 90°0 0′)、中纬度带 (2 1°33′～ 6 8°2 7′)、低纬度带 (南纬 2 1°33′～北纬 2 1°33′)内等不同地域的受强中纬力作用时的运动方向及其 F- t关系图 ,以及板块在随着地球的自转 ,作跨越赤道的运动情况。结果表明 :地球板块的运动特点随着纬度的变化而变化 ,强中纬力的主要控制因素为地球的黄纬 ;黄纬的变化发生在板块所受强中纬力变化的情况下 ,其外部现象表现为地球纬度的变化。这一结论为由特殊到一般的板块运动分析提供了理论依据     

中国大陆主要块体现今运动状态联合反演研究

基于中国大陆多年来的GPS速度数据和地震矩张量数据,在充分考虑大陆内部构造活动的基础上,联合反演研究了中国大陆主要块体的欧拉运动参数。将两种观测数据的相对权比同欧拉参数一同作为反演参数,利用联合反演模型和优化方法,合理地提取了观测数据中的块体运动信息。研究结果表明:(1)7个亚板块表现出复杂的运动和变形格局,以南北带为分界线,西部从南向北逐渐减弱,西藏亚板块中构造块体的欧拉矢量转速平均约为0.551°/Ma,新疆亚板块中各构造块体的欧拉矢量转速平均约为0.267°/Ma;南北带西部多数块体的运动明显大于东部,华北亚板块的欧拉矢量转速平均约为0.251°/Ma,华南亚板块约为0.283°/Ma。(2)中国大陆地壳的形变具有明显的整体形变趋势,同时亚板块或构造块体之间又表现出构造运动的区域性和差异性。(3)在联合反演中,GPS资料主要作用在于确定地壳运动的现时性,地震矩的作用主要是确定运动的趋势性。利用两种观测数据进行联合反演,可最大限度地提取块体运动的信息。     

纵横荷载共同作用下斜置矩形板的解析解

针对3边固支1边自由,受纵横荷载共同作用的斜置矩形板力学模型,充分考虑中面内力对弯曲的影响,确定了相应的荷载势能,将弹性力学边值问题转化为能量原理的形式,得到板的挠度、应力和内力的解析表达式;应用解析式研究了薄板挠曲变形和内力变化规律.研究表明:板的挠曲变形及内力与荷载、板体材料、结构几何特征及倾角有关,并呈现明显的非线性特征.     

闽台区域地球动力学及地震活动效应研究

该文主要依据近30多年以来对福建地块的地震地质背景、地壳变形观测、构造应力场、地震活动性以及震源动力学参数等资料,结合台湾学者对台湾岛弧地球动力学、强震构造等的研究成果,探索海陆板块俯冲一碰撞地球动力学特征及其对板内活动地块影响,进而揭示板间-板缘-板内强震活动关联性和动力学性状的异同,以期为闽台区域的强震预测和防震减灾对策提供新思路.     

锦屏水电站左岸坝头边坡变形拉裂岩体稳定性评价

锦屏水电站左岸坝头斜坡内发育一较大规模的变形拉裂岩体,预测其在施工期的稳定性对于开挖方案选择及初步确定支护方案至关重要.基于块体理论,采用整块模型和分块模型,对该变形拉裂岩体在两种开挖方案下的稳定性进行了系统分析.结果表明,大开挖方案的主要作用为卸载效应,利于块体稳定;地下水对块体稳定性影响显著,应加强对地下水分布状况及排水方案的研究.     

框架结构-筏板基础-地基共同作用的数值分析

考虑框架结构、筏板基础和地基的共同作用,采用有限元分析模型,通过框架结构、筏板基础和地基之间在连接处的静力平衡和变形协调作用,形成共同作用分析方法,与非共同作用方法进行对比,分析框架结构柱轴力和弯矩的变化情况.有限元分析表明,在共同作用下,筏板基础发生“盆形”变形,框架结构应力重分布为角柱轴力增大,边柱和中柱轴力减小,柱的弯矩显著增大.共同作用下,不同厚度的筏板沉降量不同,厚度越大,筏板最大沉降量越小.     

中上扬子区志留系龙马溪组页岩气勘探区优选

将中上扬子区志留系龙马溪组页岩与具有相似构造沉积背景的Fort Worth盆地Bar-nett页岩进行对比研究,揭示龙马溪组页岩与Barnett页岩的相似性和变形的差异性。结果表明,龙马溪组页岩与Barnett页岩具有相似的沉积背景、岩性组合和隆升演化模式,但龙马溪组页岩经历了多期构造变形的改造和叠加,不同构造单元的变形强度存在明显的差异,形成了不同的断裂组合及各种不同类型、不同规模的裂缝,构造变形很大程度上制约了中上扬子区龙马溪组页岩气的成藏和破坏。根据龙马溪组页岩现今的残存厚度,结合构造变形的强度,提出川南和川东鄂西页岩发育带均为有利的页岩气勘探潜力区带,但川南页岩发育带优于川东鄂西页岩发育带。两个有利勘探区带内变形相对较弱、远离断裂带和原生裂缝不甚发育区是页岩气富集成藏的有利区域,应为页岩气藏勘探的首选目标区。     

赣东北地区下寒武统荷塘组页岩气保存条件分析

通过剖面测量等野外地质调查手段和"X"射线衍射分析等室内实验测试方法,分析了赣东北地区下寒武统荷塘组页岩气赋存的物质基础、孔隙特征、演化特征及构造发育特征等地质条件,在确认了下寒武统荷塘组页岩具有良好生烃条件的前提下,重点研究了荷塘组页岩气的保存条件及其差异性。研究结果表明:研究区页岩气保存条件整体良好,下寒武统荷塘组页岩含气量在(1.0~5.0)m3/t之间;受构造和岩浆活动的影响,不同地区页岩气保存条件存在差异;扬子地块、上饶地块及怀玉山区块在断裂、岩浆活动及成岩作用综合影响下,页岩层构造变形程度大,完整度遭到一定破坏,页岩气保存条件相对较差;玉山区块受后期构造运动影响小,岩浆活动弱,褶皱相对宽缓,下寒武统荷塘组页岩埋深和厚度大,页岩气保存条件相对较好。     

Prediction of Emperor-Hawaii seamount locations from a revised model of global plate motion and mantle flow

The bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain is a prominent feature usually attributed to a change in Pacific plate motion approximately 47 Myr ago. However, global plate motion reconstructions fail to predict the bend. Here we show how the geometry of the Hawaiian-Emperor chain and other hotspot tracks can be explained when we combine global plate motions with intraplate deformation and movement of hotspot plumes through distortion by global mantle flow. Global mantle flow models predict a southward motion of the Hawaiian hotspot. This, in combination with a plate motion reconstruction connecting Pacific and African plates through Antarctica, predicts the Hawaiian track correctly since the date of the bend, but predicts the chain to be too far west before it. But if a reconstruction through Australia and Lord Howe rise is used instead, the track is predicted correctly back to 65 Myr ago, including the bend. The difference between the two predictions indicates the effect of intraplate deformation not yet recognized or else not recorded on the ocean floor. The remaining misfit before 65 Myr ago can be attributed to additional intraplate deformation of similar magnitude.     

Dynamics of singularities in a constrained elastic plate

Large deformations of thin elastic plates usually lead to the formation of singular structures which are either linear (ridges) or pointlike (developable cones). These structures are thought to be generic for crumpled plates, although they have been investigated quantitatively only in simplified geometries. Previous studies have also shown that a large number of singularities are generated by successive instabilities. Here we study, experimentally and numerically, a generic situation in which a plate is initially bent in one direction into a cylindrical arch, then deformed in the other direction by a load applied at its centre. This induces the generation of pairs of singularities; we study their position, their dynamics and the corresponding resistance of the plate to deformation. We solve numerically the equations describing large deformations of plates; developable cones are predicted, in quantitative agreement with the experiments. We use geometrical arguments to predict the observed patterns, assuming that the energy of the plate is given by the energy of the singularities.     

The earthquake precursor detected in a granular medium and a proposed model for the propagation of precursive stress-strain signal

A way to detect the seismic precursor in granular medium is described and a model of propagation for precursive stress-strain signals is proposed. A strain sensor buried in a sandpit is used to measure a seismic precursor signal. The signal has been investigated and confirmed to originate from a specific earthquake. A comparison of simulated and experimental signals indicates that the signal results from the strain in the earth’s strata. Based on the behavioral characteristics of granular materials, an analysis of why this method can be so sensitive to the seismic strain signal is undertaken and a model for the propagation of this stress-strain signal is proposed. The Earth’s lithosphere is formed of tectonic plates, faults and fault gouges at their boundaries. In the case of the quasi-static mechanics of seismic precursory stress-strain propagation, the crustal lithosphere should be treated as a large-scale granular system. During a seismogenic event, accumulated force generates the stick-slip motion of adjacent tectonic plates and incrementally pushes blocks farther apart through stick-slip shift. The shear force released through this plate displacement causes soil compression deformation. The discrete properties of the sand in the sandpit lead to the sensitive response of the sensor to the deformation signal which enables it to detect the seismic precursor. From the analysis of the mechanism of the stress-strain propagation in the lithosphere, an explanation is found for the lack of signal detection by sensors installed in rocks. The principles and method presented in this paper provide a new technique for investigating seismic precursors to shallow-source earthquakes.     

甘肃金塔南山构造变形及其地质意义

金塔南山构造带是通过多期的左行平移—冲断作用把不同时代、不同性质、形成于不同构造环境的岩石单元会聚而成的构造堆叠体 .研究结果表明金塔南山构造带 (断裂系统 )是在新元古代中期—早古生代早期古洋盆发生汇聚碰撞的基础上形成的 ,早古生代以来的构造变形 (平移—冲断作用 )及其形成过程应与阿尔金走滑断裂系统的动力学过程息息相关 .这对于理解华北板块与塔里木板块古陆缘的地球动力学具有十分重要的地质意义     

Destruction geodynamics of the North China craton and its Paleoproterozoic plate tectonics

Much attention has been paid in the last two decades to the physical and chemical processes as well as temporal-spatial variations of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton. In order to provide insights into the geodynamics of this variation, it is necessary to thoroughly study the state and structure of the lithospheric crust and mantle of the North China Craton and its adjacent regions as an integrated unit. Based on the velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle constrained from seismological studies, this paper presents various available geophysical results regarding the lithosphere thickness, the nature of crust-mantle boundary, the upper mantle structure and deformation characteristics as well as their tectonic features and evolution systematics. Combined with the obtained data from petrology and geochemistry, a mantle flow model is proposed for the tectonic evolution of the North China Craton during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. We suggest that subduction of the Pacific plate made the mantle underneath the eastern Asian continent unstable and able to flow faster. Such a regional mantle flow system would cause an elevation of melt/fluid content in the upper mantle of the North China Craton and the lithospheric softening, which, subsequently resulted in destruction of the North China Craton in different ways of delamination and thermal erosion in Yanshan, Taihang Mountains and the Tan-Lu Fault zone. Multiple lines of evidence recorded in the crust of the North China Craton, such as the amalgamation of the Archean eastern and western blocks, the subduction of Paleo-oceanic crust and Paleo-continental residue, indicate that the Earth in the Paleoproterozoic had already evolved into the plate tectonic system similar to the present plate tectonics.     

中非裂谷盆地构造演化差异性与构造动力学机制

分析了不同空间位置盆地的构造演化差异性，并结合区域构造事件探讨了中非裂谷盆地的构造动力学成因机制。中非裂谷盆地包括两个分支体系：西非裂谷系主要呈左旋走滑双断式结构；中非裂谷系主要表现为单断式右旋走滑结构。研究区内有走滑盆地和伸展盆地两种类型：前者位于走滑断裂带内部，近似平行于走滑断裂带展布，走滑作用强，构造反转明显；后者位于走滑断裂带端部，与走滑断裂带斜交，伸展作用强，构造反转较弱。中非裂谷盆地发育3期裂陷—拗陷构造旋回：早白垩世，中非盆地同时发生强烈的裂陷作用；晚白垩世，不同空间位置盆地的裂谷作用强度差异明显并且经历构造反转；古近纪，只有近NW-SE向盆地发生第三期裂谷作用，而其他盆地处于拗陷期。中非裂谷盆地是非洲陆缘板块构造运动在非洲陆内3个块体差异应力作用的陆内响应，3期裂谷作用的构造动力来源不同：早白垩世中大西洋扩张、晚白垩世南大西洋快速扩张和印度洋扩张双重作用、古近纪非洲板块与欧洲板块主要碰撞及西北印度洋中脊扩张影响。     

Plausible cloth animation using dynamic bending model

Simulating the mechanical behavior of a cloth is a very challenging and important problem in computer animation. The models of bending in most existing cloth simulation approaches are taking the assumption that the cloth is little deformed from a plate shape. Therefore, based on the thin-plate theory, these bending models do not consider the condition that the current shape of the cloth under large deformations cannot be regarded as the approximation to that before deformation, which leads to an unreal static bending. [This paper introduces a dynamic bending model which is appropriate to describe large out-plane deformations such as cloth buckling and bending, and develops a compact implementation of the new model on spring-mass systems. Experimental results show that wrinkles and folds generated using this technique in cloth simulation, can appear and vanish in a more natural way than other approaches.]