Mg含量对可降解Zn-Ag-Mg合金的微观组织、力学性能、耐蚀性及细胞毒性的影响

制备了不同Mg含量的铸态Zn-5Ag-xMg(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,质量分数/%)合金。采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机、维氏硬度计、电化学工作站和CCK-8（Cell Counting Kit-8 试剂）等,研究了Mg含量对合金的显微组织、力学性能、耐蚀性能和细胞毒性的影响。结果表明,Zn-5Ag合金的第二相为ε-AgZn₃,而Mg的加入细化了合金的晶粒并新生成了Mg₂Zn₁₁相。随着Mg含量的增加,合金的抗压屈服强度从218 MPa提高到309 MPa,维氏硬度从71.4提高到131.9。电化学测试和体外浸泡实验表明,由于Mg含量的增加导致合金的耐蚀性能下降,体外降解速率由0.08 mm/a提高到0.16 mm/a。细胞毒性结果表明,Mg的添加可以提高小鼠胚胎成骨细胞（mouse embryonic osteoblasts cells,MC3T3-E1）的活力,所有合金表现出良好的生物相容性。     

Structural,mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT-304 stainless steel nanocomposites

In this work, a systematic investigation was performed on the structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT incorporated 304 stainless steel. Various concentrations of CNT from 0.5 to 4 wt% were incorporated into the 304 stainless steel matrix to investigate the feasibility of fabrication and enhancement of strength and other material properties. The fabrication of CNT-steel composite was achieved through a spark plasma sintering process at a sintering temperature of 800℃. Raman and morphological studies confirmed that the CNT structure was retained in the sintered pellets. Optimum performance was found at 0.5 wt% CNT giving a Vickers hardness of 351 Hv and compressive yield strength of 404 MPa which were 5.5 and 2.0 times, respectively, those of pristine steel. Corrosion studies with 3.5 wt% Na Cl solution revealed a slight increase in the corrosion rate for CNT dispersed samples.     

镁合金在大气中的腐蚀行为及其表面防护技术

镁合金由于密度小,比强度高,作为结构材料在汽车工业和电子产品领域受到广泛关注。限制镁合金进一步扩大应用的主要障碍是其差的耐腐蚀性能。镁合金主要的服役环境是在大气条件下,大气湿度、腐蚀性污染物是影响镁合金腐蚀的主要因素。在含有氯化物的环境中,镁合金呈现强的腐蚀敏感性。对于镁合金在大气环境下的腐蚀行为及其研究进展进行了综述。为了提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,在镁合金表面覆盖防护性膜层是有效方法。介绍了化学转化膜、阳极氧化膜、金属镀层等几种典型的镁合金表面防腐蚀处理方法。由于六价铬致癌,传统的铬酸盐表面处理工艺逐渐被限制和取缔。开发环境友好型的镁合金表面腐蚀防护技术并在工程上应用是发展趋势。     

Effect of long-period stacking ordered phase on microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys: A review

Magnesium alloys containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase have been received a great deal of attention in the last decade owing to their excellent comprehensive properties of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. In this paper, some fundamental aspects of LPSO containing Mg alloys have been reviewed, including: (1) microstructural characterization, formation conditions and the associated phase transformation of LPSO phases in Mg alloys; (2) deformation mechanism of LPSO phases and their influence on the deformation mechanism of the Mg matrix; (3) effect of LPSO structure on the mechanical performance such as tensile strength, creep resistance, fracture toughness and fatigue strength; (4) corrosion behavior of LPSO containing Mg alloys and their possible applications as the biomaterials. Moreover, some remaining unsolved issues of the LPSO containing Mg alloys and the future target about how to further improve their service properties have been also described.     

多孔Fe–C–P合金泡孔形貌、孔隙率、显微组织及力学性能的研究

Open cell steel foams were successfully fabricated through the powder metallurgy route using urea granules as the water leachable space holder in the present study. The influence of different amounts of phosphorus (0, 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, and 4wt%) was investigated on the cell morphology, porosity, microstructure of cell walls, and mechanical properties of steel foams. The cell morphology and microstructure of the cell walls were evaluated using an optical microscope equipped with image processing software and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. In addition, the compression tests were conducted on the steel foams using a universal testing machine. Based on microscopic images, the porous structure consists of spherical cells and irregularly shaped pores that are distributed in the cell walls. The results indicated that by increasing the phosphorus content, the porosity increases from 71.9% to 83.2%. The partially distributed ferrite and fine pearlite was observed in the microstructure of the cell walls, and α-Fe and Fe₃P eutectic extended between the boundaries of agglomerated iron particles. Furthermore, elastic and long saw-toothed plateau regions were observed before fracture in the compressional stress–strain curves. According to the results, by increasing the phosphorus content from 0 to 4wt%, the plateau region of the stress–strain curves shifts to the right and upward. Therefore, increasing phosphorus content causes improvement in the mechanical properties of steel foams.     

Effects of ECAE processing temperature on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion behavior of pure Mg

A two-step equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) procedure was used to process pure Mg. The effects of ECAE processing temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of pure Mg were studied. The results show that the average grain size of pure Mg decreases with decreasing extrusion temperature. After ECAE processing at 473 K, fine and equiaxed grains (~9 μm) are obtained. The sample processed at 473 K exhibits the excellent mechanical properties, whereas the sample processed at 633 K has the lowest corrosion rate. The improved corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of pure Mg by ECAE are ascribed to grain refinement and microstructural modification.     

Effects of ECAE processing temperature on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion behavior of pure Mg

A two-step equal channel angular extrusion(ECAE) procedure was used to process pure Mg. The effects of ECAE processing temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of pure Mg were studied. The results show that the average grain size of pure Mg decreases with decreasing extrusion temperature. After ECAE processing at 473 K, fine and equiaxed grains(~9 μm) are obtained. The sample processed at 473 K exhibits the excellent mechanical properties, whereas the sample processed at 633 K has the lowest corrosion rate. The improved corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of pure Mg by ECAE are ascribed to grain refinement and microstructural modification.     

双咪唑啉季铵盐缓蚀剂的合成及性能研究

将月桂酸、二乙烯三胺、碳酸二甲酯等作为原料合成一种双子咪唑啉季铵盐类化合物,并在3.5%Na Cl溶液中通过静态失重法测定该缓蚀剂对马口铁片的缓蚀能力,考察了缓蚀剂浓度、温度等因素对其缓蚀性能的影响。通过Tafel曲线和交流阻抗的测定,对其缓蚀性能进行进一步考察。结果表明双子咪唑啉缓蚀剂在3.5%NaCl溶液的腐蚀环境中对马口铁片具有好的缓蚀效果。当温度T为30℃,缓蚀剂浓度为50 mg/L时,其缓蚀率最大可到91.25%。Tafel曲线表明缓蚀剂浓度增加,其腐蚀电位会向正电位方向移动,且自腐蚀电流密度也在很大程度上随之降低,缓蚀率在增加。从交流阻抗谱的阻值半径可知当缓蚀剂浓度为50 mg/L时得到的阻抗谱半径最大,说明在这一浓度下,腐蚀速率最小,缓蚀效果最优。     

Mg-7Sn-Zn(Y)合金的显微组织、时效硬化行为及力学性能

研究了Zn和Y合金化对Mg-7Sn合金显微组织、时效硬化行为和力学性能的影响.铸态Mg-7Sn合金主要由α-Mg和共晶(α-Mg+Mg₂Sn)相组成.Zn添加细化了Mg₂Sn相的尺寸,促进了Mg₂Sn相大量、均匀的弥散分布,同时诱导了Mg₂Sn相的非基面析出,增强了合金时效硬化效果.合金时效峰值硬度从64.6 HV增大到69.7 HV,峰值时效时间从166 h缩小至142 h.Zn和Y元素共同添加形成了针状MgSnY相,有效缩短了合金的时效峰值时间(由166 h缩短至120 h),但合金的峰值硬度略有降低,Mg-7Sn-1Zn合金具有最佳的力学性能,其高力学性能主要归结为细小、高体积分数Mg₂Sn相的析出强化.     

Surface characteristics and corrosion resistance of biodegradable magnesium alloy ZK60 modifi ed by Fe ion implantati on and deposition

The ZK60 magnesium alloy has been modified by Fe ion implantation and deposition with a metal vapor vacuum arc plasma source. The surface morphology, phase constituent and elemental distribution are determined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and Auger electron spectroscopy. The results show that Fe thin film is deposited on ZK60 alloy and the corresponding thickness increases from 2.73 μm to 6.36 μm with increasing deposition time. A transition layer mainly composed of Mg, Fe and O elements is formed between Fe thin film and ZK60 substrate. The potentiodynamic polarization tests reveal that a high corrosion potential and a low corrosion current density are detected for the Fe deposited ZK60 alloy, indicating the improvement of corrosion resistance. The tensile deformation test indicates that the Fe deposited film on the ZK60 substrate can sustain 1% tensile strain without any cracks.     

Comparative study of mechanical,corrosion and erosion-corrosion properties of cast hyper-duplex and super-duplex stainless steels

Duplex stainless steels(DSSs) used in subsea structures and desalination industries require high corrosion and erosion resistance as well as excellent mechanical properties. The newly introduced cast duplex grade ASTM A890 7 A has a unique composition and is expected to have a much better resistance to corrosion and erosion compared with the super-duplex grades 5 A and 6 A. This work is a comparative study of the mechanical properties, corrosion, and erosion-corrosion resistance of super-duplex grades 5 A and 6 A and the hyper-duplex grade 7 A. The three DSSs exhibited equiaxial austenite islands in the ferrite matrix and balanced phase ratios. The hardness of the grade 7 A was nearly 15%higher than those of the super-duplex grades, which is attributed to the effect of the higher contents of W and Mn in 7 A. The impact toughness of grade 7 A was found to be lower than those of the super-duplex grades due to the carbide precipitation resulting from the partial substitution of Mo with W. The oxide layer strengthening effect of rare earth elements and the higher pitting resistance equivalent number(PREN) of grade7 A resulted in higher corrosion resistance. The harder and more passive grade 7 A showed a 35% lower material loss during erosion-corrosion.     

Effects of small additions of Zn on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of WE43B Mg alloys

Zn is a commonly used alloying element for Mg alloys owing to its beneficial effects on mechanical properties. To improve the mechanical and corrosion properties of WE43B Mg alloys, the effects of 0-0.7wt% Zn addition on the microstructure and properties of sample alloys were investigated. Addition of Zn to as-cast WE43B alloy promoted the formation of the Mg₁₂Nd phase; by contrast, after T6 heat treatment, the phase composition of WE43B alloys with and without Zn addition remained mostly the same. A long-period stacking ordered phase was predicted by CALPHAD calculation, but this phase was not observed in either the as-cast or heat-treated Zn-containing WE43B alloys. The optimum temperature and duration of T6 heat treatment were obtained using CALPHAD calculations and hardness measurements. Addition of Zn resulted in a slight reduction in the average grain size of the as-cast and T6 heat-treated WE43B alloys and endowed them with increased corrosion resistance with little effect on their mechanical properties.     

压力容器用钢的低周疲劳行为与常规机械性能的关系

本文从疲劳应变能的角度推导出了应变-寿命关系式。通过测定常规机械性能,就可预测材料在不同应变幅下的低周疲劳寿命;讨论了低周疲劳抗力与常规机械性能之间的关系,指出了材料本身对低周疲劳行为的主要影响因素;提出了选择抗低周疲劳材料的基本原则。     

Role of surfactants on particle deposition,wear, and corrosion behavior of TaC particle incorporated electroless nickel-phosphorus coating

The coatings prepared by incorporating submicron-sized TaC particles while depositing Ni and P atoms on the steel substrate via electroless method showed mixed results of surface finishing, microstructural properties, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion behavior with the addition of various surfactants during the coating process. The surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) enhanced the microhardness when added during the coating process of Ni–P–TaC composite, whereas the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) lowered the microhardness as compared to the surfactant-free coating. Moreover, the TaC particle incorporation was hindered by the surfactants CTAB and Triton X-100. An excellent wear resistance behavior has been observed in the surfactant-free Ni–P–TaC coating in comparison to particle-free Ni–P coating. The Ni–P–TaC coatings showed the dependency of wear behavior on the material properties of the counter sliding surface although this dependency has not been observed in Ni–P coatings. The wear damage in Ni–P coating is immense irrespective of the properties of counter-sliding materials. Various surfactant-used Ni–P–TaC coating surfaces deteriorated much more due to corrosion than surfactant-free Ni–P–TaC coating. Among the various surfactants, the CTAB used Ni–P–TaC coating showed weak corrosion resistance.     

Mg-Cu-Y-Si合金玻璃形成能力及力学性能

利用铜模浇铸法制备了Mg60Cu30-xY10Six(x=0,1.0,1.8,2.5,5.0)合金.结果表明,当x=1.0时,合金具有最大的玻璃形成能力,并且其显微硬度和断裂韧性比Mg60Cu30Y10合金也有明显改善.与Mg60Cu30Y10合金比较,Mg60Cu29Y10Si1合金过冷液相区宽度ΔTx值减少,但约化玻璃转变温度Trg值略有增加.     

Regulating microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Fe-Ni alloys

Mechanical properties of Al-Fe-Ni eutectic alloys have been investigated based on the nominal mass fraction of eutectic phase,and the added Fe/Ni mass ratio.The X-Ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope have been used to identify phase composition,characterize microstructure and crystal structure of Al_9FeNi phase,respectively.The results demonstrate that the nominal mass fraction of eutectic phase control the presence of primary phase.The tensile strength slightly increases,and the ductility deteriorates sharply as the volume fraction of primary phase increases.The Fe/Ni mass ratio has the profound effect on the microstructures(i.e.,size and shape) of primary phase.When the Fe/Ni ratio is approaching to 1,the primary phase becomes rod-like shape,which can enhance the ductility of alloys over the flake-like phase.The increasing cooling rate can effectively reduce the eutectic grains size and primary phase fraction,and further significantly improve mechanical properties of the alloys.     

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-(Sc)合金的显微组织与腐蚀性能

采用铸锭冶金工艺,制备不同钪含量的Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、晶间腐蚀及剥落腐蚀等实验方法,研究钪对Al-5.3Cu-0.8Mg-0.6Ag合金的组织和腐蚀性能影响.结果表明:添加0.3%～0.5% Sc可明显细化铸态合金的晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸从300 μm降低到60 μm,而添加0.1%～0.3% Sc有助于提高挤压态合金抗腐蚀性能.但当添加0.5% Sc时,合金中形成粗大的Al3(Sc, Zr)稀土化合物相,导致合金的抗蚀性能降低.     

Glass-forming ability,phase formation and mechanical properties of glass-forming Cu-Hf-Zr alloys

The influence of Hf additions on the glass-forming ability(GFA),phase formation and mechanical properties of Cu_(50)Hf_xZr_(50-x)(x=2,5,10,20 at.%)alloys has been systematically investigated.We report on a distinct correlation between phase formation and GFA of Cu_(50)Zr_(50)-based alloys.Increasing additions of Hf reduce the thermal stability of the high-temperature B2Cu(Hf,Zr)phase,while the thermal stability of the corresponding undercooled melt is enhanced.The GFA of these alloy series gradually raises up to 10 at.%Hf,whereas at 20 at.%Hf,the GFA is drastically lowered,since the B2Cu(Hf,Zr)phase becomes unstable and the precipitation of the lowtemperature equilibrium phases is favoured.This interrelation determines the microstructure and results in the formation of Cu-Hf-Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites.These composites not only show appreciable macroscopic plastic strain,but also high yield strength.     

Microstructure,cold rolling,heat treatment,and mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloys

The magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloy exhibits two phase structures between 5.7wt% and 10.3wt% Li contents, consisting of the a (hcp) Mg-rich and the β (bcc) Li-rich phases, at room temperature. In the experiment, Mg-5Li-2Zn, Mg-9Li-2Zn, Mg-16Li-2Zn, Mg-22Li-2Zn, Mg-5Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-16Li-2Zn-2Ca, and Mg-22Li-2Zn-2Ca (wt%) were melted. During the melting process, the flux, which was composed of lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF) in the proportion of 3:1 (mass ratio) and argon gas were used to protect the alloys from oxidation. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and cold-rolling workability of the wrought alloys were studied. The crystal grain of the alloys (adding Ga) is fine. The hardness of the studied alloys decreases with an increase in element Li. The density of the studied alloys is in the range of 1.187 to 1.617 g/cm3. The reduction of the Mg-16Li-2Zn and Mg-22Li-2Zn alloys can exceed 85% at room temperature. The Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy was heat treated at 300℃ for 8, 12, 16, and 24 h, respectively. The optimum heat treatment of the Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy is 300℃×12h by metallographic observation and by studying the mechanical properties of the alloys.     

MgZnCa合金的组织结构和力学性能分析

通过铜模吸铸法制备直径为3mm的Mg-Zn-Ca三元共晶合金,按成分比例配制的合金分别为Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg62Zn36Ca2、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、微机控制电子式万能试验机和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对MgZnCa合金的组织结构、力学性能和断口形貌进行研究.结果表明:Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26合金形成非晶相和晶体相共存的复合材料,Mg62Zn36Ca2形成纯晶体;其中强度最高、塑性最好的是Mg14Zn22Ca64,其强度和塑性应变分别为548MPa和0.9%;对于该合金系,强度随结晶度降低而升高;压缩断口形貌显示,Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg62Zn36Ca2、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26合金均为脆性断裂.