命名数据网络分级命名路由仿真实验研究

利用仿真工具Mini-CCNx,设计并实现了命名数据网络(NDN)中基于分级命名机制的路由仿真实验,通过设置不同的名字前缀来测试Interest包的响应情况,实验结果显示了NDN中基于分级命名机制的Interest包在路由和转发上的特点及优势.     

命名数据网络中Interest洪泛攻击检测与防御

根据命名数据网络使用数据名称进行数据转发的特性,目前NDN中出现了一种基于兴趣包洪泛攻击的分布式拒绝服务攻击,对NDN网络危害较大.针对IFA,提出了一种基于Poseidon的改进方法——PAP,检测NDN路由器接口是否存在IFA,并构建interest包超时未响应表判断疑似恶意前缀.若存在IFA,则概率性限制该接口接收名称包含疑似恶意前缀的interest包速率,仿真结果表明PAP能够有效缓解IFA.     

NDN中基于神经网络的兴趣洪泛攻击综合防御方案

命名数据网络(named data networking, NDN)中的请求-应答通信模式及有状态的转发滋生了新的分布式拒绝服务(distributed denial of service, DDoS)攻击方式—兴趣洪泛攻击(interest flooding attack, IFA)。IFA是NDN中主要的拒绝服务威胁,虽然IFA防御方案被广泛研究,但目前缺乏系统的解决方案。针对这一问题,基于粒子群优化的后向传播神经网络算法提出一种新的IFA检测方法,并结合基于基尼不纯度的恶意前缀识别方法和兴趣包回溯方法来缓解攻击危害,形成一种综合的防御方案。通过ndnSIM仿真实验证明,提出的方案不仅可以准确检测和有效防御IFA攻击,而且解决了基于窗口检测方案无法检测连续攻击的问题。     

基于改进型MBF的命名数据网PIT存储结构研究

命名数据网(named data networking,NDN)是一种新型的未来网络架构,以解决当今TCP/IP(transmissioncontrol protocol/internet protocol)网络面临的问题.NDN路由器的转发平面采用了一个新的数据结构待定Interest表(pending interest table,PIT),用于记录所有待定兴趣包的转发信息,并根据此信息正确地转发返回的数据包.因此,设计一个高效的PIT存储结构对提高转发性能具有重要的作用.结合Bitmap提出一种改进的数据结构B-MBF(bitmap-mapping bloom filter),该结构采用一个哈希函数实现多次哈希映射以提高检索速度,并利用Bitmap实现元素内存单元的地址偏移量的动态分配.同时,在此基础上提出PIT存储结构B-MaPIT,通过管理多个动态存储空间实现片外存储消耗随元素数量改变而改变.通过仿真实验与现有PIT结构进行了性能对比,结果表明B-MaPIT在存储消耗、数据表构建速度、吞吐量方面具有更优秀的性能表现.     

命名数据网络中VIP转发方案的性能优化

命名数据网络(named data networking,NDN)是信息中心网络(information centric network,ICN)的一个典型实例,是未来网络一种可能的架构.为优化NDN的转发性能,要求转发平面能根据不同的网络环境自适应地调整转发策略、选出最优的转发接口.“虚拟兴趣分组”(virtual interest packet,VIP)架构是一种基于NDN的联合动态转发与缓存的网络架构,通过VIP架构对转发方案进行了性能优化.VIP架构的转发方案使用了背压算法,该算法在网络处于轻负载状态时时延较大,为此引入偏差函数进行优化.为检测优化效果,对原始VIP架构和优化后的VIP架构的转发性能进行了仿真实验对比.实验结果显示,优化后的转发方案相比原方案在转发时延上有一定降低.且由于偏差函数的引入不会增加原转发方案的时间复杂度,因此提出的方法可以优化VIP转发方案的性能.     

NDN中快速转发响应机制的研究

命名数据网络(named data network,NDN)是一种以数据为中心的新型网络体系结构.NDN遵循一对一的包转发策略,请求者发送一个兴趣包最多只能接受一个数据包.这种一对一的包转发策略在处理多媒体直播流或在线音频等实时应用时,请求者需不断发送兴趣包才能获得完整的数据包,大量的兴趣包不仅会浪费网络流量、占用大量的待处理兴趣包表的存储空间,而且基于转发信息表的查找次数也会增多.因此,提出一种一对多的包转发策略,请求者发送一个兴趣包就能接收多个数据包,来提高实时应用下整体网络的性能,并通过仿真实验证明一对多包转发响应机制确实比一对一转发策略性能更优.     

基于蚁群优化的命名数据网络QoS路由研究

针对命名数据网络(NDN)具有多样的路由转发策略,但都未能实现NDN的服务质量(QoS)保障能力,利用蚁群优化算法(ACO)设计相应的QoS路由机制(ACO_QoS)能够保障NDN的服务质量.实验结果表明:ACO_QoS能够在满足QoS的前提下找到一条花费最小的路由.     

命名数据网络中基于信息熵的Interest洪泛攻击检测与防御

在命名数据网络中,兴趣包洪泛攻击通过向网络发送大量恶意interest包来消耗网络资源,从而对NDN造成较大危害.针对目前所提出的IFA攻击检测与防御方法存在攻击模式单一、在应对复杂攻击模式时效果不明显等局限,提出一种基于信息熵的改进方法(EIM),该方法通过与NDN路由器相连的用户的信誉值和信息熵相结合来限制攻击者发送的恶意interest包,很好地解决了现有方法在应对复杂的攻击模式时的局限性.仿真结果表明EIM较信息熵方法能够更有效地缓解IFA.     

基于RSU协作的V-NDN数据转发方法研究

在基于命名数据网络(NDN)的车辆自组织网络(VANET)中,车辆的高移动性使得网络拓扑结构频繁变化,通信链接不稳定,最终导致数据包传输失败.针对此问题提出了一种基于路侧单元(RSU)协助的数据转发方法.该方法首先对RSUs进行区域划分,然后利用RSUs协助数据转发,有效地解决了转发过程中数据包丢失的问题.通过实验仿真与V-NDN和基于位置的数据转发路由方法进行对比,结果表明文中提出的数据转发策略有效地降低了数据传输时延,提高了数据包的成功交付率.     

命名数据网络中的一种双模式转发模型

命名数据网络(named data networking,NDN)是为了解决当前IP网络中因存在大量重复冗余传输所造成的流量爆炸问题而提出的一种新型网络架构.NDN的网内缓存机制极大地提升了网络资源的利用效率,对于传统的端到端业务来说却略显支持性不足.针对于这一问题,提出了一种NDN网络中的双模式转发模型.该模型对内容分发类业务采用传统的NDN转发机制进行转发处理;对端到端业务,采用定长的标签交换代替变长的名字查找来加速转发,并且不再进行缓存操作.基于ndnSIM的仿真结果表明,相较于传统NDN的单一转发机制,使用该转发模型后有效地节省了内容缓存的空间,同时端到端业务的响应时间减小了约37％.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with