棉织物退煮漂一浴复合助剂研究

本文对适于棉府绸织物退煮漂一浴浸渍工艺、可替代烧碱和双氧水的复合助剂的前处理效果进行了研究,确定最佳工艺条件为:退煮漂一浴复合助剂28g/L,浴比1:20,在95～100℃下浸渍处理90min。该条件下织物前处理效果与传统碱氧工艺相近,染色后织物在得色深度、均匀性和色光等性能上也与传统工艺相近。     

多功能前处理剂的制备及应用

研制了一种低成本、用量少、对环境友好的多功能前处理剂用于退、煮、漂一步法前处理工艺。通过单因素实验探讨退浆、煮练、漂白的助剂和工艺因素对前处理效果的影响,发现精炼剂、渗透剂、氢氧化钠、双氧水等助剂对前处理效果影响显著。利用正交实验配制多功能前处理剂,其配方为复合精炼剂4%,渗透剂7%,氢氧化钠25%,30%过氧化氢30%~35%,稳定剂20%。将多功能前处理剂应用于织物退、煮、漂一步法工艺,织物的毛效达到17.8cm/30min,白度达到84.2%,手感柔软.     

过硫酸钾在织物一浴前处理过程中分解反应动力学的研究

过硫酸钾已较为广泛的应用于织物的前处理过程中.在织物的退/煮/漂一浴前处理过程中加入少量过硫酸钾,不但可以提高处理效果,还能使纤维的强力得到有效的保护.为了更充分了解过硫酸钾在织物退/煮/漂一浴前处理过程中的分解行为,本文对过硫酸钾在该处理过程中的分解动力学进行了研究.研究结果表明,其分解反应为一级反应,并得到了其动力学参数和建立了动力学方程.结合电子顺磁共振波谱(EPR)测定结果,推定出了过硫酸钾的分解反应机理以及分解产物与浆料及纤维作用的机理.     

纯棉厚重织物低碱前处理工艺

应用氧化退浆剂D-2和多功能精练剂AW分别对纯棉厚重织物进行无碱退浆和低碱煮漂联合工艺．分析氧化退浆剂D-2用量、退浆温度、退浆时间对织物退浆效果的影响以及多功能精练剂AW用量、双氧水用量、煮漂处理时间等工艺因素对织物煮漂效果的影响,并将新工艺处理的效果与传统强碱前处理工艺处理的效果作比对．实验结果表明,用优化的工艺对纯棉厚重织物进行低碱前处理,处理后的织物毛细管效应值较高,强力损伤较低,手感柔软,半制品质量较好,效果优于传统强碱前处理的效果,而且煮漂废液含碱量低至0．96g／L以下,可以降低废水处理负荷,符合清洁生产的要求．     

大豆蛋白织物的催化漂白

探讨漂白预处理工艺条件，清洗助剂及氧漂工艺条件对大豆蛋白织物漂白效果的影响。得到预处理工艺：FeSO415%(o.w.f）、pH值4－5、70℃处理35min；洗涤条件：0．5g/L的次亚磷酸钠，70℃清洗；漂白条件：稳定剂LJC5g/L、pH值7－8、85℃漂白50min。按上述工艺漂白，效果较为满意。     

亚麻粗纱煮漂新工艺的研究

从减少环境污染,改善工人操作条件出发,采用新型煮练助剂,改进传统亚麻粗纱亚－氧煮漂工艺为氧漂工艺,获得较为满意的效果。     

毛巾织物碱氧和酶氧—浴法前处理比较

从前处理效果、服用性能、染色性能和工艺过程四个方面对毛巾织物采用碱氧—浴法和酶氧—浴法前处理新工艺进行了比较,结果表明,在前处理效果上,二者基本相当;在服用性能上采用酶技术对织物损伤更少,手感更好;在染色性能方面,酶处理后织物上染百分率和K／S值更高;在工艺过程上,二者相差不大,但酶氧前处理更节能,更环保．     

稀土在毛制品上的应用

近年来，稀土元素作为纺织梁整助剂在羊毛纤维、纱线和织物的应用取得了很大进展，其中包括羊毛散纤维、全毛绒线、毛织物及全毛地毯等的染色和漂白，目前的稀土羊毛漂染是在不改变生产工艺流程，不增加加工设备条件下，将稀土作为一种漂染助剂加入染浴或漂浴中，起到染色增深增浓、缓染匀染，七约染化料，低温、低铬染色，提高颜色鲜艳度以及促进漂白等作用。本文阐述了稀土羊毛漂染的机理，总结了近年来的生产实践经验，以期进一步推动稀土在纺织染整领域中的应用和研究工作。     

丝绸的阳离子染料染色工艺研究

研究了用阳离子染料染丝绸的工艺过程和工艺条件，包括蚕丝化学变性剂的结构选择、用量、染浴ｐＨ值、助剂作用和升温曲线等．根据织物的上染百分率和染色牢度，优选出了可进行工业化生产的工艺过程和工艺条件．     

高效复合消泡剂FXP—A

新型高效复合消泡剂FXP—A主要用于纺织品的染整加工。印染厂对织物进行前处理时要使用各种化学助剂,精炼剂即为其中一种。使用精炼剂可去除织物纤维中所含的杂质如蛋白质、棉蜡、果胶等,也可去除织物上的油渍及未尽的浆料等。为使煮炼液能既快又好地渗透入织物内部达到煮炼匀透、提高毛效和增加白度的目的,精烁剂中一般配加各种阴离子和非离     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to