东北小鲵松果体神经元自发电活动的胚后发育

探讨东北小鲵松果体神经元自发电活动的胚后发育变化。应用微电极电生理技术,对东北小鲵松果体神经元的自发放电活动进行在体胞外记录。结果表明,松果体神经元的自发放电有4种形式:单个放电、连续单个放电、簇状放电和连续簇状放电。后肢芽期有3种放电形式,没有记录到连续簇状放电。各发育时期都以单个放电和连续放电为主,但所占比例有所不同。单个放电和连续放电幅度随发育的进行呈下降的趋势,其均值变化更为明显。随着发育的进行,单个放电和连续簇状放电频率均随之增加,在变态期达最大。变态期和成体期簇状放电无明显变化,连续放电在成体期则降低。结论:神经元电活动形式随着松果体的发育逐渐多样化,放电幅度和频率随之发生变化。     

温度对中华蟾蜍松果体神经元电活动的影响

为了揭示不同温度下中华蟾蜍松果体神经元电活动的变化,探讨松果体在中华蟾蜍体温调节中的作用,应用微电极电生理技术,记录了不同温度下(5、10、15、20、25和30℃)中华蟾蜍松果体神经元的电活动。结果表明,中华蟾蜍松果体神经元有5种放电形式(单个放电、连续放电、簇状放电、连续簇状放电、不规则放电),在不同温度下,其各种形式放电单位所占比例不同。随着温度的升高,松果体神经元的放电频率逐渐升高,在30℃时达到最大;放电幅度在25℃时最高,30℃时略有降低,证明松果体参与了中华蟾蜍的体温调节,可能与热敏神经元的活动有关,但热敏神经元数量相对较少。     

柞蚕幼虫在体胸神经节自发放电活动的观察

本文以柞蚕五龄幼虫为材料,运用微电极电生理技术,以胞外记录的方法,记录了柞蚕虫在体胸神经节的自发放电活动．结果,柞蚕幼虫胸神经节胞外自发放电有三种形式慢节律单个放电、簇状放电及连续放电．     

柞蚕幼虫在体胸神经节自发放电活动的观察

本文以百五龄幼虫为材料，运用微电极电生理技术，以胞外记录的方法，记录了柞蚕虫在体胸神经节的自发放电活动。结果，柞蚕幼虫胸神经节胞外自发放电有三种形式：慢节很单个放电、簇状放电及连续放电。     

黑质注射鱼藤酮对大鼠行为和丘脑VL核自发放电的影响

研究中脑黑质注射鱼藤酮对大鼠行为和丘脑VL核神经元电活动的影响.运用网格、斜板和开阔试验检测大鼠行为改变;微电极记录丘脑VL核神经元自发电活动.鱼藤酮脑内注射28 d后,大鼠在网格上的移动潜伏期明显增长,沿斜板下滑次数显著增多,自主活动减少,而静止性蹲坐时间显著增多;丘脑VL核神经元自发放电频数显著降低,电频谱峰向低频区聚集,Ⅰ型簇状放电型式减少,更多的表现为规律型放电或Ⅱ型簇状放电.结果表明黑质注射鱼藤酮能诱发大鼠出现肌僵直、行动迟缓、震颤等类帕金森病征状,丘脑VL核神经元自发放电活动相应减弱,放电型式有所改变.     

Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)对柞蚕幼虫在体胸神经节自发放电活动的影响

以柞蚕五龄幼虫为材料 ,运用微电极电生理技术 ,以胞外记录的方法 ,记录了柞蚕幼虫在体胸神经节的自发放电活动 .并观察了胞外Na+、K+、Ca2 +的浓度变化对放电活动的影响 .结果表明 ,柞蚕幼虫胸神经节胞外自发放电有 3种形式 ,即慢节律单个放电、簇状放电及连续放电 ,其离子机制可能既有Na+动作电位 ,又有Ca2 +动作电位     

Na^＋,K^＋,Ca^2＋对杵柞蚕幼虫在体胸神经节自发放电活动的影响

以柞蚕五龄幼虫为材料,运用微电极电生理技术,以胞外记录的方法,记录了柞蚕幼虫在体胸神经节的自发放电活动,并观察了胞外Na^ ,K^ ,Ca^2 的浓度变化对放电活动的影响,结果表明,柞蚕幼虫胸神经节胞外自发放电有3种形式,即慢节律单个放电,簇状放电及连续放电,其离子机制可能既有Na^ 动作电位,又有Ca2 动作电位。     

天冬氨酸对家鸽顶盖脑片Ⅱa—f层神经元电活动的影响

利用离体脑片技术，在５１例家鸽顶盖脑片上用玻璃微电极胞外记录了家鸽顶盖Ⅱａ－ｆ亚层神经元的自发放电活动。根据家鸽顶盖Ⅱａ－ｆ 层神经元自发放电活动的特征，将Ⅱａ－ｆ亚层神经元自发放电分为３种类型：慢而不规则型、快连续型和周期性簇状放电型。天冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）对不同形式放电单位的作用均以兴奋为主，这种兴奋作用能被Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－天冬氨酸（ＮＭＯＡ）增强，Ｄ－α－氨基－己二酸（Ｄ－α－ＡＡ）能阻断ＡＳＰ的     

蛤蚧端脑离体脑片ADVRrl的自发电活动

采用离体脑片技术与电生理技术，观察记录蛤蚧端脑离体脑片ADVRrl的自发电活动特性。实验结果按放电形式和特征可归纳为随机发放、阵发排放、周期性排放3种类型。它们可能是ADVRrl内某些完整回路或不完整回路或回路中的某一片段单位自发电活动的外在表现，也有可能是某一丛簇的整体电活动。此外，ADVRrl总体自发水平较低，高发放单位数量较少，可能是ADVRrl内部GABA能神经元抑制的结果。     

神经元簇状放电锋电位数的研究

利用水蛭心脏细胞的神经元膜电位的动力学方程,讨论外界刺激电流对簇状放电中锋电位数目的影响,发现外界刺激电流和非失活钾离子通道激活电位具有相同的作用,神经元的活动状态随着外界刺激电流的变化,可以在簇状放电、持续放电和无放电三种状态之间转换.神经元簇状放电时,刺激电流导致神经元膜电位的去极化程度越高,在一次簇状放电过程中产生的锋电位数也越多.     

Firing patterns of long-term cultured neuronal network on multi-electrode array

Spontaneous neuronal activity plays an important role in the development and plasticity of brain. To explore the developmental changes in the firing pattern of the neuronal networks in vitro, the hippocampal neurons were cultured on the multi-microelectrode array dish for over 14 weeks and the spontaneous activity was recorded. The results showed that random firing was observed in the 1st week and transformed into synchronized activity after two weeks, then tightly synchronized activity appeared in week 2 to 7 and finally the activities transformed into the random firing pattern. These results suggested three stages in the long-term development of neuronal network in vitro: the stage for connection, the stage of synchronized activity and the mature stage. Synchronized firing shown by spontaneous activity was an important phenomenon in high density cultured neuronal network and transformed patterns during development.     

中华大蟾蜍冬眠前后血浆性激素变化的研究

本文研究了中华大蟾蜍冬眠前后血浆性激素的变化,其结果如下: 雄性蟾蜍在冬眠前血浆睾酮含量较高;冬眠期血浆睾酮含量最高;而冬眠后血浆睾酮含量显著下降。雌性蟾蜍在冬眠前血浆雌二醇含量高;冬眠期血浆雌二醇含量较高;冬眠后血浆雌二醇含量显著降低。     

Detection of bursts in neuronal spike trains by the mean inter-spike interval method

Bursts are electrical spikes firing with a high frequency, which are the most important property in synaptic plasticity and information processing in the central nervous system. However, bursts are difficult to identify because bursting activities or patterns vary with physiological conditions or external stimuli. In this paper, a simple method automatically to detect bursts in spike trains is described. This method auto-adaptively sets a parameter (mean inter-spike interval) according to intrinsic properties of the detected burst spike trains, without any arbitrary choices or any operator judgment. When the mean value of several successive inter-spike intervals is not larger than the parameter, a burst is identified. By this method, bursts can be automatically extracted from different bursting patterns of cultured neurons on multi-electrode arrays, as accurately as by visual inspection. Furthermore, significant changes of burst variables caused by electrical stimulus have been found in spontaneous activity of neuronal network. These suggest that the mean inter-spike interval method is robust for detecting changes in burst patterns and characteristics induced by environmental alterations.     

蟾酥对蟾蜍心电活动的影响

利用生物机能实验系统对用不同浓度的蟾酥溶液处理后的蟾蜍的心率和心电图各项指标进行测定和分析,结果表明:在一定范围内,随着蟾酥浓度的增大,蟾蜍的心率加快;心电图中R波的电压峰值降低、Q-T间期的时值缩短;而P-R间期、QRS期的时值延长.并且这些变化在给药后1~1.5 h达到最大,在2 h时,各指标均有所恢复.由此可见,蟾酥对蟾蜍的心电活动有一定的影响.     

培养神经元网络自发活动规律性和复杂度分析

采用近似熵（approximate entropy,ApEn）的新统计方法衡量神经元不同自发放电活动时间序列数据的规律性和复杂度,对多电极阵列上培养的海马神经元网络自发活动的复杂度进行研究．结果表明不同自发放电活动的近似熵动态变化曲线有明显差别．静息期时近似熵值范围1．0-1．2;典型爆发活动时近似熵值呈现迅速下降而后上升再下降小幅振荡（0．2-0．6）;而伪爆发活动时近似熵值在0．2—0．7范围,沿平行时间轴的某一直线上下波动;连续发放锋电位时近似熵值在0．8-0．9范围;而随机单发锋电位时近似熵值0．6—0．8范围．以上分析结果说明近似熵动态变化曲线能够体现爆发活动和锋电位发放过程的规律性和复杂度变化,并可以有效地识别培养神经元网络自发的不同电生理信号,因而在神经元电信号分析中有着潜在的应用价值．     

Single neurones can initiate synchronized population discharge in the hippocampus

The synchronized firing of neuronal populations is frequently observed in the mammalian central nervous system. The generation of motor activities such as locomotion and respiration requires the simultaneous activation of many neurones and synchronous firing also underlies the cortical alpha rhythm and the hippocampal theta rhythm. However the influence that single neurones may have on such neuronal population discharges is not clear. We have examined this question using small isolated segments of the CA3 region of the guinea pig hippocampus. We report here that in the presence of picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist, these segments spontaneously generate synchronized rhythmic bursts comparable with the interictal epileptiform discharges observed in the hippocampus and neocortex in the presence of penicillin. The activation of some individual neurones by intracellular current injection can partially entrain and reset the rhythm. The probability that a synchronized burst will follow stimulation of a single cell increases with time after a spontaneous synchronized discharge, suggesting that each population discharge is followed by a period of relative population refractoriness. A delay of 40-200 ms elapses between the activation of a single neurone and the synchronized discharge. We suggest that during this time activity elicited in one neurone spreads to other neurones through multisynaptic excitatory pathways and leads eventually to the participation of the whole population in a synchronous burst.     

除草剂“草甘膦”对蟾蜍外周血红细胞微核及核异常的影响

本文研究了低毒除草剂“草甘膦”对蟾蜍外周血红细胞微核及核异常的影响，分别统计了微核细胞率；微核率；异常率和核异常率，研究结果表明，用草甘膦处理3天和5天后，不同浓度的药物对蟾蜍的红细胞微核率和核异常率均有一定程度的影响；但用不同黉度药物处理后红细胞的微核率和核异常率虽有差异，却没有出现显著的剂量效应。     

中华大蟾蜍与无蹼壁虎冬眠前后含水率的比较

冬眠后，无蹼壁虎的总含水率及各部分的含水率均比冬眠前有所降低，躯体含水率下降显著；大蟾蜍的总含水率及各部分的含水率均比冬眠前有所上升，其中脂肪体及内脏的含水率上升显著．二者在含水率的变化上存在显著差异．这是由于二者生存环境、物种及各自的冬眠环境的差异造成的．