二维各向异性海森堡反铁磁体的基态性质（英文）

文章研究单离子各向异性影响下的二维正方晶格、自旋为1的阻挫海森堡反铁磁体的基态性质.利用自旋波方法,得到了在零温时该系统的奈尔相和共线相的子晶格磁化强度和基态能,发现了奈尔相-共线相转变的量子临界点依赖于单离子各向异性D以及次近邻反铁磁性耦合J_2与最近邻反铁磁耦合J_1的比值.在经典临界点J_2/J_1=0.5附近,当0≤D/J_1≤0.03时系统存在一个中间无序顺磁相.自旋波的结果表明,在高于J_2/J_1=0.5区域,奈尔相-共线相转变是一级相变,发生在依赖于各向异性的临界线上.     

混合梳子模型中反铁磁阻挫引起的量子相变

利用严格对角化和密度矩阵重整化群方法研究近邻作用为铁磁耦合、对角的次近邻自旋为反铁磁耦合的两条链的混合梳子S=1/2海森堡模型,计算了该系统的基态能和基态总自旋.结果表明:当阻挫α≤0.25时,系统基态是单纯的铁磁态;随着阻挫的增强,系统基态经历一段总自旋S≠0的倾斜相,再转变到S=0的反铁磁态;与其不同的是,在混合梯子模型中,基态从单纯的铁磁态直接转变成S=0的反铁磁态.     

零温Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner定理和Goldstone 定理的等效性

应用零温情形下的Bogoliubov不等式,研究了一维和二维Hubbard模型基态中电子配对和磁性(铁磁和反铁磁)长程序的可能性．发现如果在一维和二维Hubbard模型的自旋(电荷)激发谱中存在能隙,则该系统在基态中不可能呈现出磁性(或电子配对)的长程序,并由此从低维Hub—bard模型说明了零温Hohenberg—Mermin—Wagner定理与Goldstone定理是等效的．     

磁场作用下各向异性海森堡反铁磁模型的DMRG数值分析

对一维交换各向异性海森堡反铁磁自旋链XXZ模型系统进行了研究。在施加外磁场环境下,利用密度矩阵重整化群方法计算了零温系统的基态能、纠缠度,得到交换各向异性作用参数和外磁场对该系统由反铁磁态到顺磁态量子相变临界点的影响规律。     

Fe_(14)T_2(T=Cr,Mn,Co,Ni)二元合金结构与力学性质的第一性原理研究

运用以密度泛函理论为基础的投影缀加波方法,研究Fe_(14)T_2(T=Cr,Mn,Co,Ni)二元合金不同相结构的总能、磁性和力学性质.结果表明,Fe_(14)T_2(T=Cr,Mn,Co,Ni)二元合金的体心立方相(bcc相)的铁磁态能量最低,应为体系的基态.铁磁性的面心立方相(fcc相)具有高自旋和低自旋的特性,而反铁磁性的fcc相具有更低的能量,相对铁磁态更为稳定.弹性常数的计算表明,铁磁性fcc相的HS态和铁磁Fe_(14)Ni_2fcc相LS态在力学上不稳定,其他相均在力学上稳定.     

A_1相p波超导体中的铁磁转变

讨论了A1相p波超导态与铁磁态共存时超导电性对铁磁性的影响,发现自旋三重态的库珀配对能够增强铁磁序参量。即使在磁性序参量非常微弱的情况下,铁磁转变的温度Tm也不会低于超导转变温度Tc。当Tm和Tc重合时,磁性转变呈现一级相变的特征。系统的比热在相变点处显示了跳跃性的变化。预期本文的理论模型可以用来描述铁磁超导体UGe2的性质。     

准一维有机铁磁体中的自旋耦合

应用Peierls-Hubbard模型研究了一种结构类似于poly-BIPO的准一维有机铁磁体。采用Hartree-Fock近似和周期性边界条件,探讨了最近邻相互作用和次近邻相互作用对系统的铁磁基态的影响。由于最近邻与次近邻相互作用之间的竞争,导致主链上相邻格点的自旋发生反铁磁耦合→铁磁耦合的变化,形成反铁磁自旋波或铁磁自旋波作为传递媒介,使自由基自旋得以平行排列,得到高自旋的铁磁基态。     

电子掺杂gossamer超导体基态相图研究

在t-t′-t″-J-U模型下,应用Gutzwiller平均场近似的方法,研究了电子型掺杂铜氧化物高温超导材料Nd2-xCexCuO4基态时的相图.结果表明,在大U极限下,电子型掺杂材料反铁磁长程序直到最佳掺杂浓度附近都存在.随着U的减小,反铁磁长程序以更快的速度消失,同时d波超导序也受到抑制.这些都与数值计算结果定性一致.     

子格对称破缺的准-维海森堡系统的DMRG研究

利用密度矩阵重整化群（DMRG）方法研究一种S=1／2子格对称破缺的准-维反铁磁海森堡自旋链，计算了该系统单个原胞的基态能、自旋关联函数以及交错磁化率．研究表明：尽管自旋相互作用是反铁磁的，但由于子格对称破缺的影响．而使系统基态呈现出不饱和的铁磁性（即亚铁磁特性）．这与运用LIEB—MATTIS定理的预测结果和自旋波近似的计算定性一致．     

一维光学晶格中自旋-轨道耦合的超冷偶极费米气体的相图

利用两束蓝失谐的激光构建了一维光学晶格中自旋-轨道耦合的超冷偶极费米气体,并运用密度矩阵重整化群算法研究了该系统的基态特性。在短程和偶极长程相互作用的共同影响下,系统存在丰富的量子相。通过计算纠缠谱、粒子数密度分布和自旋关联函数,发现系统存在四个量子相:相分离相、电荷密度波相、反铁磁莫特绝缘体和非平庸的拓扑绝缘体。     

纵、横波速度和密度重构算法在苏里格地区的应用

以苏里格气田为例,在分析目前广泛应用的重构算法假设基础上,应用了不依赖速度比假设的纵、横波速度和密度重构算法,通过采用不同角度的弹性阻抗数据交会分析来预测可能的流体分布或岩性分布.岩性变化或流体变化势必引起岩层纵、横波速度和密度的变化,因此可以通过其速度和密度变化研究流体或岩性分布.结果表明,改进算法的各种参数可以重建,但需要最大角度超过30°,而多角度的弹性阻抗反演为单纯利用纵波信息重构岩层的纵、横波速度(阻抗)和密度提供了可能.     

Hidden magnetism and quantum criticality in the heavy fermion superconductor CeRhIn5

With only a few exceptions that are well understood, conventional superconductivity does not coexist with long-range magnetic order (for example, ref. 1). Unconventional superconductivity, on the other hand, develops near a phase boundary separating magnetically ordered and magnetically disordered phases. A maximum in the superconducting transition temperature T(c) develops where this boundary extrapolates to zero Kelvin, suggesting that fluctuations associated with this magnetic quantum-critical point are essential for unconventional superconductivity. Invariably, though, unconventional superconductivity masks the magnetic phase boundary when T < T(c), preventing proof of a magnetic quantum-critical point. Here we report specific-heat measurements of the pressure-tuned unconventional superconductor CeRhIn5 in which we find a line of quantum-phase transitions induced inside the superconducting state by an applied magnetic field. This quantum-critical line separates a phase of coexisting antiferromagnetism and superconductivity from a purely unconventional superconducting phase, and terminates at a quantum tetracritical point where the magnetic field completely suppresses superconductivity. The T --> 0 K magnetic field-pressure phase diagram of CeRhIn5 is well described with a theoretical model developed to explain field-induced magnetism in the high-T(c) copper oxides, but in which a clear delineation of quantum-phase boundaries has not been possible. These experiments establish a common relationship among hidden magnetism, quantum criticality and unconventional superconductivity in copper oxides and heavy-electron systems such as CeRhIn5.     

Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in the d-band metal ZrZn2.

It has generally been believed that, within the context of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity, the conduction electrons in a metal cannot be both ferromagnetically ordered and superconducting. Even when the superconductivity has been interpreted as arising from magnetic mediation of the paired electrons, it was thought that the superconducting state occurs in the paramagnetic phase. Here we report the observation of superconductivity in the ferromagnetically ordered phase of the d-electron compound ZrZn2. The specific heat anomaly associated with the superconducting transition in this material appears to be absent, and the superconducting state is very sensitive to defects, occurring only in very pure samples. Under hydrostatic pressure superconductivity and ferromagnetism disappear at the same pressure, so the ferromagnetic state appears to be a prerequisite for superconductivity. When combined with the recent observation of superconductivity in UGe2 (ref. 4), our results suggest that metallic ferromagnets may universally become superconducting when the magnetization is small.     

Enhanced supercurrent density in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) at 77 K from calcium doping of grain boundaries

With the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity, it seemed that the vision of superconducting power cables operating at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K) was close to realization. But it was soon found that the critical current density Jc of the supercurrents that can pass through these polycrystalline materials without destroying superconductivity is remarkably small. In many materials, Jc is suppressed at grain boundaries, by phenomena such as interface charging and bending of the electronic band structure. Partial replacement ('doping') of the yttrium in YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) with calcium has been used to increase grain-boundary Jc values substantially, but only at temperatures much lower than 77 K (ref. 9). Here we show that preferentially overdoping the grain boundaries, relative to the grains themselves, yields values of Jc at 77 K that far exceed previously published values. Our results indicate that grain-boundary doping is a viable approach for producing a practical, cost-effective superconducting power cable operating at liquid-nitrogen temperatures.     

Spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the pseudogap state of a high-Tc superconductor

A change in 'symmetry' is often observed when matter undergoes a phase transition-the symmetry is said to be spontaneously broken. The transition made by underdoped high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors is unusual, in that it is not a mean-field transition as seen in other superconductors. Rather, there is a region in the phase diagram above the superconducting transition temperature Tc (where phase coherence and superconductivity begin) but below a characteristic temperature T* where a 'pseudogap' appears in the spectrum of electronic excitations. It is therefore important to establish if T* is just a cross-over temperature arising from fluctuations in the order parameter that will establish superconductivity at Tc (refs 3, 4), or if it marks a phase transition where symmetry is spontaneously broken. Here we report that, for a material in the pseudogap state, left-circularly polarized photons give a different photocurrent from right-circularly polarized photons. This shows that time-reversal symmetry is spontaneously broken below T*, which therefore corresponds to a phase transition.     

Nodal quasiparticle in pseudogapped colossal magnetoresistive manganites

A characteristic feature of the copper oxide high-temperature superconductors is the dichotomy between the electronic excitations along the nodal (diagonal) and antinodal (parallel to the Cu-O bonds) directions in momentum space, generally assumed to be linked to the 'd-wave' symmetry of the superconducting state. Angle-resolved photoemission measurements in the superconducting state have revealed a quasiparticle spectrum with a d-wave gap structure that exhibits a maximum along the antinodal direction and vanishes along the nodal direction. Subsequent measurements have shown that, at low doping levels, this gap structure persists even in the high-temperature metallic state, although the nodal points of the superconducting state spread out in finite 'Fermi arcs'. This is the so-called pseudogap phase, and it has been assumed that it is closely linked to the superconducting state, either by assigning it to fluctuating superconductivity or by invoking orders which are natural competitors of d-wave superconductors. Here we report experimental evidence that a very similar pseudogap state with a nodal-antinodal dichotomous character exists in a system that is markedly different from a superconductor: the ferromagnetic metallic groundstate of the colossal magnetoresistive bilayer manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7. Our findings therefore cast doubt on the assumption that the pseudogap state in the copper oxides and the nodal-antinodal dichotomy are hallmarks of the superconductivity state.     

用流方程求解t-J模型的元激发能谱

t -J模型是研究电子强关联作用和高Tc超导理论的重要模型之一。本文首次将重整化群方法应用于t-J模型 ,由流方程求解出t-J模型的元激发能谱 ,并与常规的格林函数方法所得的结果作了比较     

掺银对BiPbSrCaCuO超导电性的影响

本文研究 Ag 对 BiPbSrCaCuO(2223相)超导电性的影响。详细讨论了 Ag 含量与超导转变温度 Tc、钉扎力 Fp、临界电流密度 Jc 之间的关系,提出掺 Ag 并不能明显改善 BiPbSrCaCuO 的超导电性的观点。     

A hidden pseudogap under the 'dome' of superconductivity in electron-doped high-temperature superconductors

The ground state of superconductors is characterized by the long-range order of condensed Cooper pairs: this is the only order present in conventional superconductors. The high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductors, in contrast, exhibit more complex phase behaviour, which might indicate the presence of other competing ground states. For example, the pseudogap--a suppression of the accessible electronic states at the Fermi level in the normal state of high-T(c) superconductors-has been interpreted as either a precursor to superconductivity or as tracer of a nearby ground state that can be separated from the superconducting state by a quantum critical point. Here we report the existence of a second order parameter hidden within the superconducting phase of the underdoped (electron-doped) high-T(c) superconductor Pr2-xCe(x)CuO4-y and the newly synthesized electron-doped material La2-xCe(x)CuO4-y (ref. 8). The existence of a pseudogap when superconductivity is suppressed excludes precursor superconductivity as its origin. Our observation is consistent with the presence of a (quantum) phase transition at T = 0, which may be a key to understanding high-T(c) superconductivity. This supports the picture that the physics of high-T(c) superconductors is determined by the interplay between competing and coexisting ground states.