非线性负荷特性等值阻抗的获取方法

由于电力电子技术的发展,非线性负荷在电网中所占的比重越来越大。非线性负荷在电力系统中容易产生谐波,造成谐波污染,因此有必要对其特性做出分析。提出了一种基于高阶微分方程和信号拟合,通过实时求取非线性负荷的等值阻抗来获取非线性负荷特性的方法。利用改进的矩阵束方法拟合端口电压电流信号,将电压电流信号代入到约束端口电压电流的高阶微分方程中,通过数学变换,得到负荷的等值电抗参数。依据负荷的等值参数的变化特点,来获取非线性负荷的特性。仿真实验表明该方法可行,可实时有效地求取负荷的等值阻抗参数,进而可获取非线性负荷特性。     

电力谐波对电能计量影响分析

非线性负荷产生大量谐波注入电网后使得电力系统中的电压和电流波形产生严重畸变,从而对电能表等产生不同程度的影响。文章介绍了谐波产生的原因及其对电能表的影响,分析了由于谐波存在对电能表计量误差的影响,并提出了减少电能计量误差的对策。     

死区效应对逆变器并联环流影响的研究和仿真

在桥式逆变电路中,为了避免处在同一桥臂的上下两个开关器件发生直通故障,通常在PWM驱动信号中插入一段死区时间,但这样会引起输出电压波形的畸变.首先以单逆变器系统为基础研究了死区因素对输出电压的影响,并将死区造成的电压偏差视为一种谐波扰动,建立了逆变器并联系统的数学模型,研究了死区差异和系统环流之间的关系,并采用电压瞬时值反馈控制对谐波环流进行抑制,最后在Matlab/Simulink中对两个逆变器并联系统模型进行仿真,研究表明,各逆变单元死区间的差异与并联系统谐波环流之间存在着相互关系,死区差异的增大会同时增大系统的环流,仿真结果验证了这一结论的同时也表明了电压电流双环控制对死区造成的谐波环流具有一定的抑制作用.     

单相SAPF系统谐波电压检测与控制的仿真

为了改善用户侧电压质量与谐波问题,通过分析单相串联型有源电力滤波器(SAPF)的结构、原理及特点,提出了单相SAPF系统谐波检测的方法;同时借鉴单相SVPWM技术原理,将开关模式优化的SVPWM技术应用于单相SAPF系统中,提高了系统波形控制精度;利用Matlab软件,建立了基于上述谐波检测和系统波形控制的单相SAPF系统的仿真模型,并利用该模型对动态电压跌落与闪变等电压故障状态进行了动态补偿的仿真.仿真结果显示:本文提出的SAPF滤波系统不但具有良好的滤波性能,而且可以保障负载不受系统电压故障的影响,具有良好的工程应用前景.     

铝行业谐波污染及防治

铝工业中含有大量的整流装置和非线性负荷，是电力系统中公认的谐波污染大户。其产生的谐波将流入电网，对整个电力系统的电气运行环境造成污染，使系统电压和电流波形畸变，严重影响电力系统的供电质量和安全经济运行。研究谐波现象，消除谐波带来的不利影响，不仅对于整个电力系统作用重大，而且对于铝厂自身也具有极其重要的意义。     

基于重复控制的CVCF电源波形控制技术

对重复控制的理论，特别是模型不精确情况下的控制器设计问题进行了研究，给出了适用于恒压恒频逆变电源的重复控制器，提高了产出版社为电源在非线性负载情况下的输出电压品质。文中分析了重复管制器对谐波的抑制机理；从系统极点分布规律入手，推导出控制器与受控对象之间的最佳关系；基于对消的思想，给出了采用部分对消的重复控制器设计方法，并在控制器中引入了特殊的FIR函数，提高了系统的稳定性。最后，通过实验对新的设计法进行了验证。实验表明，采用新的控制器，逆变电源输出波形的谐波含量降到了0.446%，误差收敛速度也大大提高。     

三相电压型逆变器的鲁棒跟踪双环控制器

为了保证三相逆变器在负载变化及参数摄动时输出电压动态响应快、稳态精度高、波形失真率小,基于αβ模型设计一种电感电流内环电压外环的双闭环控制器.电压外环采用离散积分滑模控制以改善系统的稳态性能并增强系统的鲁棒性.进行了正弦波跟踪的仿真实验,结果是突加纯阻性负载时调整时间为2 ms, 暂态过程中输出电压总谐波畸变率为3.46%; 当参数缓慢变化时总谐波畸变率为 0.13%.仿真结果表明: 当系统参数和负荷有较大变化时系统能很好的跟踪参考电压,控制策略是可行的.     

电气化铁路负荷特点及电能计量方式的探讨

我国的电气化铁路牵引负荷具有波动性、非线性、冲击性的特点,采用单相工频25kV供电,容易对电力系统造成负序污染和谐波效应,造成了供电电流波形和电压波形的畸变,对电能计量误差造成直接影响。基于此,介绍了电气化铁路,并对单相工频负荷、单相冲击负荷以及单相整流负荷的电气化铁路负荷特点进行分析,同时对包括感应式电能表计量方式和电子式电能表计量方式的电能计量方式进行探讨,以此保证电气化铁路以及接触网的安全运行。     

悬架减震器非线性特性对汽车拖车组合系统稳定性的影响

为了研究汽车拖车组合系统中牵引车悬架减震器非线性引起的时变特性的谐波动态轴载对系统动态稳定性的影响,提出了一种带有双轴拖车系统的线性单轨模型.根据推导出的有效轴载量化动态轴载,并采用基于时频域分析的方法识别系统的时变参数.实验研究表明,此谐波效应具有时变性.设计了一种基于车辆横摆角速度的仿真方法来模拟道路实验中观测到的谐波效应,并通过仿真分析谐波幅值和相位对系统动态临界车速的灵敏度,初步验证了考虑悬架减震器非线性特性引起的谐波动态轴载对汽车拖车组合系统稳定性影响的理论分析.     

非线性负荷对电能计量影响的探讨

非线性负荷是当前电力系统面临的重要问题，因为非线性负荷会带来很多谐波，这些谐波会导致供电系统电流波形畸变，对整个供电系统带来污染和威胁，同时为电能计量工作也带来了巨大的压力和挑战，从整体上影响电能表电能计量的科学性、精准性。本文分析了非线性负荷对电能计量产生的影响，并探究了科学合理的电能计量模式。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the