重污染河道水解酸化-人工湿地修复工艺技术

目的探寻适合改善我国北方地区重污染河道的一种实用技术,提出水解酸化-人工湿地处理工艺,达到改善其水质的目的.方法分析辽宁省白塔堡河流受污染状况,采用水解酸化预处理,经预曝气装置进行充氧,然后污水经人工潜流湿地进行深度处理的"水解酸化-预曝气-人工湿地"组合工艺对水体水质进行改善.结果白塔堡河污水采用水解酸化-人工湿地技术处理后,出水CODCr、BOD5、TP、TN、NH3-N和SS的质量浓度分别为20~30 mg/L、5.5~14 mg/L、0.11~0.47 mg/L、14~24 mg/L、2.3~7.6 mg/L和8~16 mg/L.系统对CODCr、BOD5、TP、TN、NH3-N和SS的去除率分别为75%~90%、90%~95%、90%~97%、50%~67%、76%~91%和79%~90%.结论水解酸化-预曝气-人工湿地技术处理白塔堡河污水能够取得良好的效果,出水水质中除ρ(TN)和ρ(NH3-N)较高外,CODCr、BOD5和TP的平均出水质量浓度均达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中的Ⅴ类标准.     

人工浮床处理重污染河水的效能分析

试验采用填料人工浮床的方式种植菖蒲、风车草、香根草3种植物,分3池进行试验,采用重力自流方式分别进水,对浮床出水进行水质监测.监测结果表明菖蒲与风车草混种及菖蒲浮床系统对试验河水中有机物和N、P的去除较好.试验数据表明植物直接吸收不是氮、磷去除的主要途径;试验进水为劣V类重污染河水时,菖蒲、混种菖蒲与风车草、香根草浮床的COD、TP、TN平均去除率分别可达20.46%、23.3%、18.9%,38.35%、45.46%、44.8%与42.34%、45.82%、38.6%;控制试验进水污染负荷,采用菖蒲、混种菖蒲与风车草、香根草的人工浮床生态工程技术治理重污染河水是可行的.     

不同植物浮床系统处理景观再生水试验研究

以水芹菜、空心菜、水葫芦及香根草作为供试浮床植物,进行了景观再生水处理效果试验比较.结果表明:水芹菜、空心菜、水葫芦、香根草4种浮床植物在城市再生水条件下生长状态良好,相对生长速率(RGR)在0.206⁰.247/d之间变化,从高到低依次为:水葫芦>空心菜>香根草>水芹菜;4种植物浮床系统对再生水中的CODCr,TP,TN,NH3-N均有一定的去除效果.相对于南方地区,水葫芦长势一般,综合考虑空心菜、香根草、水芹菜比水葫芦更适合在苏北地区推广.     

填充率对组合式A2/O工艺处理某污染河水效果的影响

考察了不同填料填充率下,组合式A2/O对某污染河水的净化效果.结果表明,好氧区填充率为20%和60%时,在进水水质COD:51.00～67.33 mg/L,NH+4-N:6.51～9.89 mg/L,TN:9.39～14.09 mg/L,TP:0.79～1.30 mg/L情况下,好氧区填料填充率60%的装置的去除效果好于填料填充率20%.考虑该工艺对污水较好的净化效果,该工艺适宜好氧区填料填充率为60%,此时主要污染指标平均去除率分别为COD:56.23%,NH+4-N:54.57%,TN:35.73%,TP:27.04%.     

水培空心菜系统与水培莴笋系统去除污水中氮磷效果比较

采用自制的两套水培植物净化床装置,以生活污水二级生化处理装置出水为研究对象,探讨了水培空心菜净化系统和水培莴笋净化系统对污水中TN,TP的去除效果。结果表明,当进水流速控制在13.5 L/h,HRT为1 h,装置连续进水运行时,在水培期间,水培空心菜系统和水培莴笋系统对污水中TN的去除率分别为11.2%~62.4%和27.8%~56.2%,对TP的去除率分别为7.1%~71.8%和0%~63.3%;水培空心菜系统和水培莴笋系统对TN的每日净去除量范围分别为832~3 411 mg和349~5 368 mg,对TP的每日净去除量范围分别为9.7~372.8 mg和0~281.9 mg。在秋冬季节,水培莴笋系统较水培空心菜系统对TN有更好的去除效果,且对TN,TP去除效果更为稳定。     

不同时期垃圾渗滤液两级UASB-A/O-SBR工艺深度脱氮

应用两级上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)-缺氧/好氧(A/O)-序批式反应器(SBR)深度处理早期和晚期垃圾渗滤液.首先在一级UASB(UASB1)中实现反硝化,在二级UASB(UASB2)中通过产甲烷降解有机物,在A/O反应器的好氧区进行NH4+-N的硝化,最后在SBR中去除残余NH4+-N及通过反硝化去除NO2--N和NO3--N深度脱氮.试验结果表明:早期渗滤液ρ(COD),ρ(TN)和ρ(NH4+-N)分别为14.8,1.8和1.3 mg/mL,最终出水ρ(TN),ρ(NH4+-N),ρ(NO2--N)和P(NO3--N)分别为28,4,3.4和1.9 mg/L,获得了大于98%的TN和NH4+-N去除率.晚期渗滤液ρ(COD)为2.5 mg/mL;ρ(TN),ρ(NH4+-N)分别为3.0和2.9 mg/mL时,获得99%以上的TN和NH4+-N去除率.最终出水ρ(NH4+-N),ρ(NO2--N)和P(NO3--N)都小于10 mg/L,最终出水ρ(TN)为26～32 mg/L.     

东洞庭湖总磷浓度时空变化与污染成因分析

洞庭湖是我国第二大淡水湖,研究洞庭湖水质总磷(TP)浓度变化规律对其水环境管理意义重大.基于2017年—2021年东洞庭湖及入湖、出湖共12个水质断面数据,研究了东洞庭湖总磷浓度时空分布特征与污染成因.研究结果表明：2017年—2021年东洞庭湖总磷质量浓度ρ(TP)年均值在0.058～0.088 mg/L,湘江、环湖河流及南洞庭湖入湖ρ(TP)年均值在0.051～0.125 mg/L;出湖ρ(TP)年均值在0.062～0.079 mg/L,均超过湖库Ⅲ类水质标准.其中,东洞庭湖以轻度、偏中度污染为主,洞庭湖出口以轻度污染为主.各入湖水质中,湘江以轻度、偏中度污染为主,环湖河流以中度污染为主,南洞庭湖为轻度污染.东洞庭湖及入湖水质ρ(TP)空间分布和时间变化差异明显.空间分布上,环湖河流明显大于湘江,东洞庭湖明显大于洞庭湖出口和南洞庭湖入水;时间变化上,东洞庭湖、洞庭湖出口、汨罗江、新墙河与华容河枯水季节(年初和年末)ρ(TP)明显偏高,达到0.082～0.117 mg/L,但藕池河东支ρ(TP)高峰期却出现在丰水季节,达到0.094～0.115 mg/L;湘江及南洞庭湖入湖ρ(TP)...     

淮南采煤沉陷水体中氮磷的分布特征及环境意义

煤炭资源的大规模开采,导致高潜水位采煤沉陷区积水面积迅速扩展.以淮南市7个矿区典型的采煤沉陷水体为研究对象,测试分析了水体中氮、磷等水质指标并进行了水质评价.结果表明:1研究区沉陷水塘的总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)与总磷(TP)的平均值分别是3.04,0.61,0.61和0.16mg/L,水体的氮磷负荷较为严重;2沉陷区水体中TN分布为新庄孜矿(5.58mg/L)潘一矿(4.07mg/L)顾桥矿(2.77mg/L)潘三矿(1.79mg/L)朱集和潘北矿(1.47mg/L)潘二矿(1.17mg/L),TP分布为潘三矿(0.29mg/L)新庄孜和朱集矿(0.20mg/L)顾桥矿(0.17mg/L)潘北矿(0.14 mg/L)潘一矿(0.11 mg/L)潘二矿(0.05 mg/L),TN分布与沉陷时间具有良好相关性,而TP分布没有明显规律;3沉陷区的TN和TP相关性不显著,TN和NH4+-N具有良好的正相关,温度、溶解氧、pH与氮磷指标具有一定的相关性,综合水质标识法评价结果显示,研究区水体中的氮磷水平基本处于Ⅲ类或者超过Ⅲ类水,水体中最主要的超标和污染因子是TN,其次是NH4+-N.     

5种浮床植物在水环境恢复治理中的净化差异

选取美人蕉(Canna indica)、芦苇(Phragmites communis Trirn)、水葱(Scirpus validus Vahl)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipe)水芹菜(Oenanthe javanica)5种珠海当地常见植物作为研究对象,构建珠海珠武涌水体富营养化治理生态浮床,对5种植物在富营养化水体中的生长特性,化学需氧量(COD),氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)质量浓度等指标间的差异进行比较研究.结果表明,株高从大至小排序为:水葱、芦苇、美人蕉、水芹菜、凤眼莲;质量增加从大至小排序为:芦苇、美人蕉、凤眼莲、水芹菜、水葱;根毛增长从大至小排序为:芦苇、水葱、水芹菜、美人蕉、凤眼莲.5种植物对水体中的COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的吸收能力差异显著,单位面积COD去除率高低排序为美人蕉、凤眼莲、芦苇、水葱、水芹菜;单位面积NH3-N去除率高低排序为美人蕉、芦苇、凤眼莲、水葱、水芹菜;单位面积氮吸收量大小排序和单位面积磷吸收量大小排序都为美人蕉、凤眼莲、芦苇、水芹菜、水葱.综合实验结果,确定采用美人蕉为主,芦苇为辅,再加上少量水葱、水芹菜作衬托来净化河涌水体.     

蔬菜浮床对城市富营养化景观水体的净化效果研究

针对城市居住小区和公共园林景观水体水质逐渐恶化的现象,探索通过构建空心菜和韭菜等蔬菜浮床的方法对景观水体进行净化。室内、室外实验结果均表明,蔬菜浮床对富营养化水体中的氮、磷具有良好的去除效果。其中,室内系统各营养物质的去除率分别为19.18%(TN)、19.55%(NH_4~+-N)、11.97%(NO_3~--N)、12.38%(TP);室外系统平均去除率分别为12.34%(TN)、12.49%(NH_4~+-N)、9.40%(NO_3~--N)、7.52%(TP)。为了评估浮床蔬菜的食用安全性,本研究对蔬菜体内部分重金属含量进行了测定,结果表明,两种蔬菜体内的铅和汞含量均超出《食品安全国家标准-食品中污染物限量》。蔬菜浮床具有显著的水体净化效果,为城市环境有限空间内的富营养化水体净化方式提供借鉴,是一种健康的绿色发展方式,但浮床蔬菜的食用安全性往往取决于水体环境特征,需进行相关评估。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-