实事求是:文化人类学的追求——人类学学者访谈录之十一

人类学首要的目标是反映社会事实 ,多做田野调查能使我们的对社会的认识和理解更贴近社会事实。以对中国南方的宗族组织为例 ,田野作业的成果显示 ,宗族组织的等级结构应该是 :家庭、家族、房支、宗族四个层次 ;宗族组织的功能首先是协作功能 ,其次才是政治功能 ;2 0世纪 50年代以后 ,宗族组织实际上一直存在着 ,改革开放后它则从隐性转向显性。这样的表述可能会更接近社会事实     

在历史学与人类学之间——人类学学者访谈之二十八

历史有多元的声音 ,因此 ,对历史文献的正确解读方法应该是“文本分析的方法”。人类学的田野调查方法有助于历史学家认识“历史”的真象。学者为了研究的需要 ,可以自行界定关键词汇的意义 ,并采用多重的田野方式加以阐述。     

民俗学与人类学——人类学学者访谈录之三十四

民俗学是研究民众生活层面文化的学问,与文化人类学关系最为密切。民俗学强调要把民俗事象作为活态文化来研究,当前民俗学研究更应结合田野调查不断升发一些新的问题,然后展开讨论,从而丰富民俗学的理论。民俗志不仅要记录、描述民俗事象,而且要说明和解释民俗事象。民俗志是一种文化自觉的书写,地方民俗志的编写应以标志性文化提领。     

走向深处:中国人类学中国研究的态势——人类学学者访谈录之三十六

中国人类学比较早就注意把人类学的田野调查和历史研究方法相结合,把对“异文化”的研究和对“本文化”的研究相统一,这是中国人类学对世界人类学的贡献。     

漂泊中的永恒与永恒的漂泊——人类学学者访谈之三十二

乔健先生50年的人类学学术生涯可分为三个阶段。第一个阶段研究台湾的高山族,第二个阶段研究美国的印第安人、香港的民间风俗和中国大陆的少数民族,第三个阶段是研究汉族社会至今。乔先生十分重视田野调查,认为做田野是人类学工作者的基本功和成年礼。同时,他也强调理论学习和本土研究。     

山水云霓任观瞻——人类学学者访谈之二十八

人类学家的足迹遍及千山万水 ,“依山依水”的人类学研究拓展了人类学的新领域。覃德清博士回顾了自己进入人类学研究领域的过程 ,并就人类学与美学的交叉、诗性思维与人文资源开发、壮学人类学研究等问题 ,阐述了自己的见解。     

时空视野下的人类学民族学田野工作

中国人类学民族学经过百年来的发展,各地学者在中国各民族地区开展了长期而艰苦的田野调查工作,文章认为只有在厘清不同时间维度和空间维度的田野调查情况的条件下才能进行全面的实证研究。在网络地理信息系统技术的支持下,以时空的视角研究中国人类学民族学田野调查状况,实现从宏观到微观、从历史到现实角度全面的反映中国人类学、民族学田野工作脉络。文章在分析了田野调查工作的信息组织模式的基础上,设计并实现了人类学民族学田野调查网络地理信息系统,通过联合国内外相关科研教学单位,长期收集整合学者的田野调查工作信息及成果,为国内外学者打造了开放式的田野调查研究共享平台。     

四十年致力于人类学、藏学研究的马克思主义学者——访新中国培养的第一位人类学博士格勒

格勒是我国培养的第一位人类学博士,也是新中国第一位藏族博士。格勒博士从事人类学、藏学教研工作四十余年,期间撰写了大量专业性强、理论水平高的学术论著,尤其是改革开放后应邀出访20多个国家讲学交流,在国际藏学界享有颇高的声望和影响。文章结合格勒博士的个人学术生活史,围绕人类学和藏学研究的历史、现状及未来,以及新时代人类学家和藏学家必须具备的基本条件、研究方法,青年一代学者的田野工作、文献阅读和语言能力等学术要求等进行了深度访谈。     

人类学与课程研究的发展

从传统人类学的“田野调查”、“民族志”到派克创造性提出了“族内人与族外人”,再到吉尔兹的“地方性知识”和“深度描写”的理论和方法,为课程研究的发展提供了重要的方法论基础,并推动了课程研究范式的转换。     

人类学知识的生产与田野实践

本文的理论关怀在于人类学知识的生产与田野的关系.首先从时间与空间上来看,人类学田野存在着政治的不平等性以及学科本身对田野的判断与建构出现的诸多问题,"原型"的权威与标准及其背后的政治语境束缚了人类学的研究和民族志写作,在反思与对话中,笔者认为田野是无处不在的,学科所具有的品质是对理论与现实的关怀.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has