美国将绘制18种生物基因组图谱

大象、家猫、刺猬和粘液霉菌有何共同之处?它们与人类又有什么关系?美国国家人类基因组研究所最近决定，将绘制包括上述生物在内的18种生物的基因组图谱，用于与人类基因组进行比较研究，进一步探索生物进化史。     

CT诊断甲状腺肿块18例临床分析

目的探讨甲状腺肿块的CT诊断价值。方法回顾分析18例甲状腺肿块的CT特征,并与手术病理对照。结果CT诊断18例甲状腺肿块与手术病理符合率的情况：（1）结节性甲状腺肿7例,诊断符合率71％（5／7）;（2）甲状腺腺瘤8例,诊断符合率63％（5／8）;（3）甲状腺癌3例,诊断符合率67％（2／3）。结论CT对甲状腺肿块的诊断虽然有很大价值,但是部分甲状腺肿块CT表现无特征性,定位诊断准确,定性诊断困难。     

基于0．18μmCMOS工艺的混频器设计

本文选择Gilbert单元结构混频器设计电路,并进行噪声分析,引入改进的电流注入结构。应用ADS软件对此电路进行设计、优化与仿真,仿真结果表明：设计的混频器各项性能指标均达到设计要求。将设计仿真完毕的Gilbert单元结构混频器电路,采用TSMC0．18μmCMOS工艺元件库,应用Cadence软件画出电路的版图。该工作对射频集成电路设计有一定的参考价值。     

基于0．18μmCMOS工艺的功率放大器设计

本文在系统分析功率放大器的结构、设计原理、性能指标的基础上,根据功率放大器的应用背景,选择A类放大器进行设计。设计时综合多种因素,合理选用共源共栅结构和共源结构的三阶差分放大电路,进行增益和输出功率分配．然后应用ADS软件进行设计、优化和仿真.仿真结果表明,设计的功率放大器在其工作频率范围绝对稳定,实现了很好的输入输出匹配,具有较好的线性度和隔离度,最终的仿真结果满足802．11a标准。采用TSMC0．18μmCMOS工艺元件库,应用Cadence软件画出功率放大器电路的版图。     

GTPase activating proteins: structural and functional insights 18 years after discovery

The conversion of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and inorganic phosphate (P_i) by guanine nucleotide binding proteins (GNBPs) is a fundamental process in living cells and represents an important timer in intracellular signalling and transport processes. While the rate of GNBP-mediated GTP hydrolysis is intrinsically slow, direct interaction with GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) accelerates the reaction by up to five orders of magnitude in vitro. Eighteen years after the discovery of the first GAP, biochemical and structural research has been accumulating evidence that GAPs employ a much wider spectrum of chemical mechanisms than had originally been assumed, in order to regulate the chemical players on the catalytic protein-protein interaction stage. Received 25 March 2005; received after revision 31 August 2005; accepted 6 September 2005     

Methyl 11-methoxy-18-oxo-3-epialloyohimban-16α-carboxylate,a new keto ester derived from reserpine

Zusammenfassung 11-Methoxy-18-oxo-3-epialloyohimban-16-carbonsäueremethylester (IV) wurde nach Methanolyse des Reserpins isoliert. Wir nehmen an, dass der,-ungesättigte-Oxycarbonsäureester III die gemeinsame Zwischenstufe bei der Bildung von IV und Methyl-Neoreserpat darstellt.     

Overexpression of HAb18G/CD147 promotes invasion and metastasis via α3β1 integrin mediated FAK-paxillin and FAK-PI3K-Ca2+ pathways

Mechanism of HAb18G/CD147 underlying the metastasis process of human hepatoma cells has not been determined. In the present study, we found that integrin α3β1 colocalizes with HAb18G/CD147 in human 7721 hepatoma cells. The enhancing effect of HAb18G/CD147 on adhesion, invasion capacities and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion was decreased by integrin α3β1 antibodies (p<0.01). The expressions of integrin downstream molecules including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phospho-FAK (p-FAK), paxillin, and phospho-paxillin (p-paxillin) were increased in human hepatoma cells overexpressing HAb18G/CD147. Deletion of HAb18G/CD147 reduces the quantity of focal adhesions and rearranges cytoskeleton. Wortmannin and LY294002, specific phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, reversed the effect of HAb18G/CD147 on the regulation of intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization, significantly reducing cell adhesion, invasion and MMPs secretion potential (p<0.01). Together, these results suggest that HAb18G/CD147 enhances the invasion and metastatic potentials of human hepatoma cells via integrin α3β1-mediated FAK-paxillin and FAKPI3K-Ca²⁺ signal pathways. Received 5 June 2008; received after revision 16 July 2008; accepted 23 July 2008