α—氧代烯酮环二硫代缩酮化学（XXXI）

缩酮基为六元环，具三亲电中心的α－肉桂酰基烯酮－１，３－亚丙二硫基缩酮（２），与乙基、丙基、丁基、苯基及苄基卤化镁等的反应均得到β‘－碳上的共回顾加成产物（３），该反应证实了（２）中环二硫缩酮基对这一加成反应的调控作用。     

丙二酸与光活性脂环酮的成环反应研究

在乙酸酐和少量硫酸存在下，丙二酸与具光学活性脂环酮反应缩合成Ｍｅｌｄｒｕｍ酸的类似物．除（－）－薄荷酮生成相应产物产率可达３２％外，（Ｒ）－（十）－樟脑、（Ｓ）－（－）－樟脑和（Ｒ）－葑酮的反应产率仅有１～２％．（Ｒ）－诺蒎酮在这反应条件下发生重排反应，生成丙二酸（４’－亚异两基）亚环己酯，产率为３３％．     

一种C2对称二亚砜手性辅助试剂的应用：σ—对称十员氧杂环 …

顺－２－丁烯－１,４－二醇的１,４－二羟基被邻二苯甲基保护形成环烯２、然后氧化生成α－对称十员氧杂环－１,２－二醇３,将３转化为单三甲基硅醚４后,在三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯（ＴＭＳＯＴｆ）的催化下,与Ｃ２－对称二亚砜手性辅助试剂１进行缩酮化反应得到光学活性缩酮５。随后的碱催化缩酮开裂反应非对映选择性大于９９％。最后,水解去掉手性辅助试剂,以良好的产率和９５％ｅｅ的光学纯度得到光学活性醇７。     

α－氧代烯酮二硫代缩酮化学（XXXⅡ）──由2－（1，3－亚丙二硫基）亚甲基环己酮合成酚醚类化合物

２－（１，３－亚丙二硫基）亚甲基环己酮（１）与２－甲基烯丙基氯化镁加成得α－羟基烯酮二硫缩酮类化合物（２）．在各种开链脂肪醇存在下，（２）经酸催化的取代－环合芳构化反应生成酚醚类化合物（３）．     

α－氧代烯酮环二硫代缩酮化学（XXXI）──α－肉桂酰基乙烯酮缩1，3－丙二硫醇与Grignard试剂的共轭加成反应

缩酮基为六元环、具三亲电中心的α-肉桂酰基烯酮-１，３-亚丙二硫基缩酮（２），与乙基、丙基、丁基、苯基及苄基卤化镁等的反应均得到β＇-碳上的共轭加成产物（３）．该反应证实了（２）中环二硫缩酮基对这一加成反应的调控作用．     

α—氧代烯酮二硫代缩酮化学（X X X Ⅱ）——由2—（1,3—亚丙二硫基）亚甲基…

２－（１，３－亚丙二硫基）亚甲基环己酮（１）与２－甲基烷丙基氯化镁加成得α－羟基烯酮二硫缩酮类化合物（２）。在各种开链脂肪醇存在下，（２）经酸化的取代－环合芳板化反应生成酚醚类化合物（３）。     

手性配体/Ti(OPr-i)4催化苯甲醛的不对称硅氰化反应

以（S）－联萘二醇，D－樟脑，（－）－假麻黄碱，（－）－α－苯乙胺以及（＋）－氯霉胺为手性源，合成了6种新的手性磷化合物及一种新的Schiff碱，将它们作为配体催化剂，在Ti(OPr-i)4存在下，用于催化苯甲苯的不对称硅氰化反应，得到很好产率的氰醇，但立体选择不理想，只有中等程度以下的ee值。     

等效剂在合成中的应用研究──Ⅶ合成3—甲基—2—（4—甲苯基）环戊烯—2—酮的新途径

报道了合成３—甲基—２—（４—甲苯基）环戊烯—２—酮的新途径。合成路线主要包括以α—氰醇碳酸酯作为酰基负离子的等效剂与溴代甘缩酮进行亲核取代反应，水解反应，碱催化环化等，得到目标物。总收率６４％。     

固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化合成环己酮甘油缩酮

采用浸渍法制备了固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2催化剂,并以X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪及扫描电子显微镜对其性能及形貌进行表征.将其应用于催化环己酮与甘油的缩合反应,合成环己酮甘油缩酮,并分别考察了带水剂环己烷质量、反应时间、环己酮与甘油的摩尔比、催化剂质量等多个因素对环己酮甘油缩酮收率的影响.实验结果表明,经600℃煅烧后,该催化剂的酸性最强,且在催化合成环己酮甘油缩酮体系中获得了良好的催化效果.在反应温度为100℃,环己酮与甘油的摩尔比为1∶2.5,催化剂和环己烷的质量分别为甘油质量的5%和20%,回流反应时间为2 h的最佳条件下,环己酮甘油缩酮收率达到85.0%以上.     

光活性胺的合成和拆分

利用Ｌｅｕｃｋａｒｔ反应，以５５％～８５％的产率由酮与甲酸铵反应制得了５种外消旋胺；并用（＋）－酒石酸为析解剂、以甲醇和甲醇／乙酸乙酯作重结晶溶剂，以好的产率分别把（±）－４－苯基－２－丁胺和（±）－１－苯基－２－甲基丙胺拆分得到它们的光学异构体．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with