BCI—代数的半同态与伴随半群间的关系

本文定义了ＢＣＩ－代数上的一种“半同态”映射ｆＬ（１）ｆ（ｘ＊ｙ）＝ｆ（ｘ）＊ｙ，（ｉｉ）若ｘ≤ｙ，则ｆ（ｘ）≥ｆ（ｙ），讨论了关同态映射的核与象的一些性质，给出了一定条件下ｆ∈Ｍ（ｘ）的一个充要条件。     

具有条件（S）的BCK－代数运算的分配性

给出具有条件（Ｓ）的ＢＣＫ－代数关于运算“”的一些性质，证明了此类ＢＣＫ－代数对运算“＊”和“”分别关于“∨”及“∧”是可分配的，同时若Ｘ是正关联的，则ｘｙ＝ｘ∨ｙ．     

关于一类BCI-代数及其伴随半群的性质

研究了一类特殊ＢＣＩ－代数Ｘ＝Ｐ（Ｘ）∨ＳＰ（Ｘ）及其伴随半群,讨论了它的一些性质,得出Ｍ（Ｘ）＝Ｍ（Ｐ（Ｘ））∨Ｍ（ＳＰ（Ｘ））．证明了Ｓ是Ｍ（Ｘ）的真理想的充要条件是Ｓ为Ｍ（ＳＰ（Ｘ））的真理想;Ｍ（Ｘ）是剩余半群的充要条件为Ｍ（Ｐ（Ｘ））是剩余半群．当Ｍ（Ｘ）是剩余半群时,每一个ＢＣＩ－代数Ｘ＝Ｐ（Ｘ）∨ＳＰ（Ｘ）均可嵌入到一个ＢＣＩ－代数Ｘ＊＝Ｐ（Ｘ＊）∨ＳＰ（Ｘ＊）中,且Ｘ是Ｘ＊的子代数     

零对称BZ—代数

将原子及其分支的概念引信ＢＺ－代数，提出零对称ＢＺ－代数，得到若干重要特征。研究零对称ＢＺ－代数Ｘ关于其理想Ｎｚ（Ｘ）＝｛ｘ∈Ｘ│０－ｘ≤ｘ｝所作为的商代数Ｘ／Ｎｚ（Ｘ０的结构，证得Ｘ／Ｎｚ（Ｘ）≌｛ｙ│ｙ＝（０－ｘ）－ｘ，ｘ∈Ｘ｝。     

诣零BCI－代数p－半单部分的特征

讨论了诣零ＢＣＩ－代数ｐ－半单部分ＳＰ（Ｘ）的元素特征，给出诣零ＢＣＩ－代数中ＳＰ（Ｘ）成为理想的两个充要条件，即在诣零代数Ｘ＝Ｎｋ（Ｘ）中，ＳＰ（Ｘ）成为理想当且仅当以下条件之一成立：（ｉ）ｘ∈Ｘ，ｕ∈ＳＰ（Ｘ），若ｘ＊ｕｋ＝０，则ｘ＝０；（ｉ）ｘ∈Ｐ（Ｘ），ｕ∈ＳＰ（Ｘ），若ｘ＊ｕｋ＝０，则ｘ＝０．并对其商代数的结合性进行了刻画     

矩形域上Bernstein多项式的Lipschitz常数

设ｆ（ｘ，ｙ）是定义在矩形域Ｂ：＝｛（Ｘ，ｙ）｜０≤ｘ≤１，０≤ｙ≤１｝上的任一实值函数，Ｂｍｎ（ｆ；ｘ，ｙ）是与之相应的（ｍ，ｎ）次Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ多项式．本文证明了：若ｆ（ｘ，ｙ）是Ｌｉｐｓｃｈｉｔｚ连续的，即ｆ（ｘ，ｙ）∈ＬｉＰＡａ，那么对所有正整数ｍ，ｎ都有Ｂｍｎ（ｆ；ｘ，ｙ）∈ＬｉｐＢａ．这里Ｂ＝Ａ且在一定意义下，常数Ｂ是最好的．上述结果被推广到了高维区域的情形．     

Tapia 半内积与 Banach 空间的几何性质

利用Ｔａｐｉａ半内积（ｘ,ｙ）Ｔ＝ｌｉｍｔ→０＋［（ｘ＋ｔｙ２－ｘ２）／（２ｔ）］,ｘ,ｙ∈Ｘ,研究了Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间Ｘ的自反和逼近性质,并在光滑的Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间Ｘ上利用由Ｔａｐｉａ半内积定义的一类连续线性泛函Ｔ（Ｘ）＝｛ｆｘ∈Ｘ＊｜〈ｆｘ,ｙ〉＝（ｘ,ｙ）Ｔ;ｘ,ｙ∈Ｘ｝研究了Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间的严格凸、一致凸以及具有性质（Ｈ）的特征．     

一类有公差约束的非线性多目标Minimax问题

讨论了如下一类多目标非线性Ｍｉｎｉｍａｘ问题（Ｐ）：ｆ（ｘ＾＊）＝ｍｉｎｘ∈Ｘｙ∈Ωｘ,η（ｆ１（ｘ,ｙ）,ｆ２（ｘ,ｙ）．．．,ｆｍ（ｘ,ｙ）,其中Ωｘ,ｙ＝｛ｙ＝（ｙ１,ｙ２,．．．ｙｎ）｜ｘｉ－ηδｉ≤ｙｉ≤ｘｉ＋ηδｉ,η≥０ｉ＝１,２,．．．,ｎ｝,δ＝（δ１,δ２,．．．,δＮ）为公差向量,η为公差的调比因子。通过构造出新的极大熵函数将问题转化同单优化问题来处理,从而得到问题的ε最优解     

蕴涵BCK-代数与剩余半群

给出了蕴涵ＢＣＫ－代数的伴随半群作为剩余半群的若干特征，从半群的角度对这类ＢＣＫ－代数予以刻画，说明其伴随半群Ｍ（Ｘ）关于剩余运算“∶”作成一个蕴涵ＢＣＫ－代数，并且Ｍ（Ｘ）与Ｍ（Ｍ（Ｘ））是同构的     

非自治二阶微分方程周期解的存在唯一性

在不要求ｆ（ｘ）→±∞（ｘ→±∞）的条件下,利用Ｂｒｏｕｗｅｒ不动点定理,得到了方程组ｘ＝φ（ｙ）－ｆ（ｘ）,ｙ＝－ｇ（ｘ）＋ｅ（ｔ）周期解的存在性,并给出了此方程组的一个唯一性结果．另外,通过构造Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ泛函,推广了另一类方程前人的相关结果．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the