一株G^-球形趋磁细菌的发现与表征

在玄武湖水域发现一株Ｇ＾－球形趋磁细菌ＸＷ－１，光学显微镜下观察，可见菌体在地磁场的作用下游移，平均游离速率久为０．１４ｍｍ／ｓ，该菌对磁场的作用极其敏感，管射电镜观察显示，在第五菌体的细胞直镶嵌了１２颗左右的磁小体，磁小体的大小和形状均匀一致，每颗磁小体长约６０ｎｍ，宽４０ｎｍ，ｘ射线能谱测试分析表明，磁小体为铁的氧化物。     

一种趋磁弧菌及其磁小体特性的研究

南京城郊一淡水池塘污泥中存在一种弧形趋磁细菌NMV—1,在地磁场作用下一致向北游动,细胞可连接成链状,有2～13个菌体,长达2～10μm,透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察表明每个细胞内含11～15颗磁小体,呈长方体,沿菌体长轴排列成链状,磁小体尺度为:长120nm,宽80nm,处在稳定的单磁畴晶体范围内.能谱分析仪显示该菌磁小体的元素组成为铁(Fe),由晶体衍射分析表明磁小体为单晶结构.NMV—1趋磁弧菌的发现为研究用生物方法制备新型纳米磁性材料提供了必要的基础     

超磁细菌研究：Ⅳ.好氧趋磁细菌HM—1的分离及生物学特…

从黄石磁湖底部泥水样中分离到一株杆状好氧趋磁细菌ＨＭ－１，在ｐＨ７．０－８．０，３０℃振荡培养的条件下培养时，每升培养基含４ｇ柠檬酸，０．５ｇ硝酸钠和５０ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１ＦｅＳＯ４，分别是它生长和磁小体合成的最适碳源，氮源和铁源；此菌为Ｇ＾－，氧化酶和过氧化物酶阳性，不积累聚－β－羟丁酸，Ｇ＋Ｃ的摩尔分数为６４．０８，龙小体含一种矿质元素Ｆｅ。     

趋磁细胞研究：I.武昌东湖水体中趋磁细胞WD—1的分离

武昌东湖水域中存在杆状，螺旋状和旺状等不同形态的趋磁细胞，通常在细胞内有２～１０个数量不等的磁小体，在微好氧条件下利用半固体培养基分离到一株Ｇ＾－，短杆状的趋磁细胞ＷＤ－１，能谱电镜分析表明，该菌磁小体的元素组成是Ｆｅ，Ａｌ，Ｚｎ，Ｇａ，Ｐ和Ｓ，共含量分别占８４，５７％，３．９８％，２．７５％、２．２１％、１．１２％和０．９３％。     

趋磁细菌研究：II.趋磁细菌WD—1的生长和磁小体的合成条件

报道了趋磁细菌ＷＤ－１生长和磁小体合成的最适条件，在ｐＨ６．７，２８℃和静止培养条件下，每１００ｍＬ含５０～１００ｍｇ柠檬酸或１００～１５０ｍｇα－酮戊二酸和２０ｍｇ硫酸铵分别是ＷＤ－１生长的最适碳、氮源、碳氮比以５：１或４：１为好，每１００ｍＬ含５０ｍｇ柠檬酸、７５～１２５ｍｇα－酮戊二酸、７５ｍｇ酒石酸或１７５ｍｇ乙酸钠，１０ｍｇ硝酸钠或１０～２０ｍｇ硫酸铵，１５μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾比然蛄?     

外磁场对Fe-Cr-Co系永磁体磁性的影响

研究了稳恒和交变磁场对５种Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｃｏ系永磁体磁性的影响，得到了磁场强 度及其作用时间对磁性的影响规律。结果表明：含Ｖ和Ｔｉ的三种试样的磁稳定性 比不含Ｖ和Ｔｉ的好。还探讨了磁稳定化处理问题。含Ｖ和Ｔｉ的试样的稳定化 处理，其稳恒场为３１．８４ｋＡ／ｍ，交变场为 ３．９８～７.９６ｋＡ／ｍ；不含Ｖ和Ｔｉ的试 样的稳定化处理，其稳恒场为７．９６ ｍＡ／ｍ，交变场为１.９９～５．９７ｋＡ／ｍ．     

破解趋磁细菌断裂磁小体链的方式

趋磁细菌是在20世纪70年代由理查德·布莱克默（RichardBlakemore）发现的一类在外磁场作用下能作定向运动的细菌。它们体内有一种叫做"磁小体"的物质,其主要成分是Fe₃O₄和Fe₃S₄。众多的磁小体在趋磁细菌体内聚集成链状,使得它们具有趋磁性。趋磁细菌发生细胞分裂时,面临一个很大的挑战:将体内的磁小体链"折断"为两部分。因为如果像正常的细胞分裂方式一样,那么,从趋磁细菌分裂开始到最终形成两个子细胞的力是不足以断开磁小体链的。     

一种具有磁光性能的潜在药物载体的研制

磁小体是磁靶向给药领域的研究热点,为了精准示踪生物体内的磁小体来指导靶向,基于磁小体和量子点构建一种新型磁光载体.利用静置培养和磁吸附的方法收集富含磁小体的趋磁细菌AMB-1,并通过超声破碎及磁吸附方法提取长度为5~10个的磁小体链,运用点击化学反应将含有羧基的CdTe/CdS量子点修饰到磁小体膜上,并利用人肝癌细胞HepG2初步开展光示踪有效性的验证.结果发现该载体可以成功地被细胞摄取,并在细胞内观测到磁小体的分布.笔者成功地研制出磁光载体,为后续的磁靶向给药、磁靶向热疗及荧光一体化的研究及应用提供了坚实的基础.     

低饱和场巨磁电阻金属多层膜Ni80Fe20／Cu的结构与磁电阻

采用磁控溅射方法，获得了具有低饱和场巨磁电阻的Ｎｉ８０Ｆｅ２０／Ｃｕ金属多层膜，在室温下，其磁电阻和层间耦合状态随Ｃｕ层厚度的增加呈振荡变化，在Ｃｕ层厚度ｔＣｕ＝１．０ｎｍ，２．２ｎｍ时磁电阻出现２个峰值分别为１９．４％和１１．７％，饱和场约为６．４×１０＾４Ａ／ｍ和８×１０＾３Ａ／ｍ低温下（７７Ｋ）磁电阻为３３．２％和２７．６％，系统地研究了ＮｉＦｅ层厚度和周期数对多层膜磁电阻的影响，用真空退火     

趋磁细菌的磁小体结构相关蛋白研究进展

趋磁细菌的磁小体由双层脂分子包被,膜上含有很多特异性的可溶和跨膜蛋白,在磁小体基质和颗粒间连接中还存在其他结构相关蛋白.趋磁细菌通过对磁小体膜或结构相关蛋白的遗传调控,实现从铁的吸收、氧化和还原—铁氧化体的沉积和成晶—磁小体链的装配和维护等一系列环节,取得了原核细胞中的最高结构水平之一——膜状细胞器结构.趋磁细菌借助磁小体结构对外界磁场(包括地磁场)信号作出响应亦提供了一个磁感受生物物理机制和地磁生物效应的简单模型.     

Biomineralization and magnetism of bacterial magnetosomes

Magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria are of great interest in understanding biomiueralizatiou and possible links between organisms and geomagnetic field. Fossil maguetosomes are ubiquitous in marine and lake sediments and may significantly contribute to magnetic signals. In this review, we firstly introduce some characteristics of magnetotactic bacteria, followed by considering recent progress in maguetosome formation, magnetic measurements, and identification of bacterial magnetites in bulk sediments as well as their paleoenviroumeutal implications. Finally, we briefly discuss potential future breakthroughs in magnetosome studies and its applications.     

Paleo-environmental study on the growth of magnetotactic bacteria and precipitation of magnetosomes in Chinese loess-paleosol sequences

405 samples were collected from L5-S5-L6 in consideration of obvious variations in susceptibility of the geological sections, which are section Xifeng in Gansu Province and section Duanjiapo in Shaanxi Province for study of magnetotactic bacteria (MB) and magnetosomes (MS) in Chinese loess-paleosol sequences. MB in each sample were observed by TEM after being cultured under 8-18℃, room temperature (RT), 25℃, 26℃ and 30℃ conditions. In general, MB are distributed widely in loess-paleosol sequences, fewer in loess layers with predomination of vibriod in shape. However, there are more MB in paleosol layers with morphological varieties such as roddish, vibriod and occasionally approximately coccus. The magnetosomes (MS) in MB of paleosol are usually arranged in chains along the cells. It was also found that MB growth and MS formation are associated with the environment in which MB live. It can be inferred from the distributions of MB and MS that the paleoclimates fluctuated during the formation of loess-paleosol sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau. The climate became gradually warmer but displayed more frequent fluctuations from the northwest to the southeast of the Plateau .     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌中磁小体形成相关基因mpsA在不同铁源刺激下的差异表达

为研究氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)在胞内形成的电子致密的磁性颗粒的相关基因,对氧化亚铁硫杆菌标准菌株ATCC23270的全基因组的生物信息学进行分析,在ATCC23270的全基因组上查找与趋磁细菌中mpsA基因的同源基因ORF1622,并对其进行保守结构域、氨基酸序列比对以及蛋白质同源性分析.利用反转录PCR技术从转录水平研究mpsA基因在硫培养条件下分别用20 mmol/L FeCl_3和FeSO_4·7H_2O刺激时的差异表达以验证它们在磁小体形成过程中的作用.研究结果表明:ORF1622编码的蛋白含有PRK05724结构域,与mpsA序列相同度为48%,与acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyltransferase subunit alpha同源;氧化亚铁硫杆菌中的mpsA基冈在转录层面的表达与亚铁有直接关系,并且氧化亚铁硫杆菌仅在亚铁培养下生成磁小体,因此,它与氧化亚铁硫杆菌中磁小体的形成相关.     

生物体内纳米磁性矿物质（Fe3O4）的磁畴结构研究

分析了磁铁矿粒子的单畴临界尺寸，表明生物体内的纳米磁铁矿粒子具有单畴特性。分别讨论了石鳖、趋磁细菌及蜜蜂体内纳米磁铁矿粒子的磁畴结构及磁矩分布，探讨了与地磁场相互作用下它们的生物导航功能机制。     

Heating effect and biocompati bility of bacteri al magnetoso mes as potential materials used in magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) promises to be a viable alternative in the treatment of localized cancerous tumors.The treatment consists of introducing nanoparticles as energy absorbent agents in tu...     

高梯度磁分离的特征及应用

系统地研究了高梯度磁分离过程的分离特征。随着磁场强度的增大,磁分离效率提高;在相同的磁场强度下,磁性强样不同的粒子分离效率具有显著的差异,弱磁性的粒子要在很强的磁场下才能得到分离;对于同种特质,颗粒大的粒子比颗粒小的粒子更易分离,含有铁、铜等金属氧化物的废水可通过高梯度磁分离器直接过滤进行处理,而通过加入“磁性种子”进行强化,高梯度磁分离技术可以有效地处理有机工业废水。     

Assessing bacterial magnetotactic behavior by using permanent magnet blocks

Assessing the movement of magnetotactic bacteria （MTB） under magnetic fields is a key to exploring the function of the magnetotaxis. In this study, a simple method was used to analyze the behavior of MTB, which was based on the accumulation of cells on the walls of a test tube when two permanent magnet blocks were applied on the tube. Experimental results showed a significant difference among the movements of the polar MTB, axial MTB, and ferrofluid. The polar magnetotactic cells aggregated as spots above or below the two magnet blocks besides the aggregated spots underneath the magnet blocks. By contrast, the axial magnetotactic cells aggregated only as two round spots underneath the magnet blocks, and more cells aggregated in the center than all around of the spot. For the ferrofluid, two spots were also formed underneath the magnet blocks, and the aggregated particles formed a ring shape. Magnetic calculation by finite element method was used to analyze the phenomenon, and the findings werereasonably explained by the MTB features and magnetic field theory. A scheme that differentiates polar MTB, axial MTB, and magnetic impurity could be developed, which would be beneficial to fieldworks involving MTB in the future.     

反相乳液聚合法制备磁性铁氧化物复合纳米粒子

综合运用了共沉淀和反相乳液聚合两种方法,制备出具有较强磁性的铁氧化物复合纳米粒子。在油包水反相乳液体系中,由过硫酸钾引发、以丙烯酰胺作为单体进行反相乳液聚合,聚合产物将磁性铁氧化物包覆并形成磁性复合纳米粒子。对铁氧化物纳米粒子进行X射线衍射分析、透射电子显微镜分析(VSM)和振荡样品磁强计分析(TEM);对磁性复合纳米粒子进行TEM分析、动态光散射分析和VSM的测试分析。获得的磁性复合纳米粒子直径约为300nm,饱和磁化度为6.9 emu/g,并且具有良好的超顺磁性质。     

Problems of the magnetic susceptibility signature as the proxy of the summer monsoon intensity in the Chinese Loess Plateau

The magnetic susceptibility in the Chinese loess is considered to have recorded the history of pedogenesis or land-surface stability, and has thus been used as an acute proxy of the summer monsoon intensity. With regard to pedogenesis, most authors failed to appreciate the complexity of weathering processes. Specifically, not acknowledged are local redox conditions, carbonate concentration and leaching. Pre-depositional pedogenesis may be another factor undermining the legitimacy of using the susceptibility as an acute proxy of the summer monsoon intensity. These factors may not necessarily reflect the degree of pedogenesis although they have definitely affected the susceptibility signature. Some contributors to the susceptibility are demonstrated to be inorganic iron and other organically complexed iron. The organic iron associated with decomposed plant litter is proven to be the most important contributor to the susceptibility in modern loess. But, magnetotactic bacteria are believed to be the major generators of the ultrafine ferromagnetic particles responsible for the susceptibility signature in the Quaternary loess and paleosols. The factors affecting susceptibility signature may well be site- and time-dependent even within the Chinese Loess Plateau. Therefore, a more comprehensive model and a more comprehensive approach are needed to address the relationship between the paleoclimate and the proxy.     

铁帽型含金复合矿直接还原过程铁氧化物行为

对铁帽型含金复合矿煤基直接还原过程的铁氧化物行为进行了研究，提出了将矿粉配入添加剂及煤混合压制团块直接还原－磁选分离－含金尾矿氰化浸出新工艺．采用该工艺处理某铁帽型含金复合矿，可直接从矿石中提取金和海绵铁两种产品，并用粉晶Ｘ射线衍射对其反应机理进行了验证．结果表明，直接还原过程中，不仅包含铁氧化物的还原相变，同时还存在铁氧化物同其它氧化物之间的固相反应．