Link between the geomagnetic polarity reversal and global-geology events

The origin of the earth’s magnetic field is one of the five most important unsolved problems in physics, especially geomagnetic polarity reversal remains one of Nature’s most enigmatic phenomena. It is proposed that the geomagnetic polarity reversal links with some global-geology events, although it is difficult to clarify the mechanism of this correlation. The history of continental structures in eastern China would be also linked with some global-geology events.     

New stochastic model for geomagnetic reversals

A non-stationary model for geomagnetic reversals is proposed. From the model, a mean length of all polarity intervals of 1.6 m.y. is predicted.     

Dependence of the duration of geomagnetic polarity reversals on site latitude

An important constraint on the processes governing the geodynamo--the flow in the outer core responsible for generating Earth's magnetic field--is the duration of geomagnetic polarity reversals; that is, how long it takes for Earth's magnetic field to reverse. It is generally accepted that Earth's magnetic field strength drops to low levels during polarity reversals, and the field direction progresses through a 180 degrees change while the field is weak. The time it takes for this process to happen, however, remains uncertain, with estimates ranging from a few thousand up to 28,000 years. Here I present an analysis of the available sediment records of the four most recent polarity reversals. These records yield an average estimate of about 7,000 years for the time it takes for the directional change to occur. The variation about this mean duration is not random, but instead varies with site latitude, with shorter durations observed at low-latitude sites, and longer durations observed at mid- to high-latitude sites. Such variation of duration with site latitude is predicted by simple geometrical reversal models, in which non-dipole fields are allowed to persist while the axial dipole decays through zero and then builds in the opposite direction, and provides a constraint on numerical dynamo models.     

地磁场日变化的空间差异对流动观测通化结果的影响

通过对中国西部、西南部和东部几组相邻的地磁台站各地磁要素日变幅的对比分析，发现各台站的地磁要素日变化具有空间差异性，这种差异性特征是趋势变化一致而幅度不同.结合一些实例，分析了野外观测资料用相邻的地磁台站的地磁要素数据通化时，通化结果有差异，并且这些差异与观测时间和观测季节关系密切.在实例中，磁偏角（D）、水平分量（H）、垂直分量（Z）及总强度（F）的通化值差异一般分别达到0.5′、6 nT、4 nT、6 nT，这样的差异值有可能影响震情研判.因此，在地震地磁监测工作中的定点连续观测十分重要，而流动地磁观测只应该作为一种补充和辅助手段.     

Magnetostratigraphic dating of mammalian fossils in Junggar Basin, northwest China

The first detailed chronology for the late Oligocene to early Miocene continental record in northern Junggar Basin is presented,based on rock magnetic experiments and magnetostratigraphic investiga-tions of a 192 m thick mammal-bearing section in the Ulungur River area. Magnetites and hematites were identified as the main carriers for the characteristic remanent magnetization,and the resulting polarity sequence allows an unambiguous correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS). Furthermore,the Tieersihabahe fauna layer occurs below the Paleocene/Neocene boundary,and the Suosuoquan fauna layer is just above the Neocene onset. Therefore,the age of the Tieersihabahe fauna and Suosuoquan fauna layers can be definitely estimated to be about 25.2 Ma and 22.5 Ma,respectively.     

Upper Jaramillo polarity transition and short geomagnetic event recorded in a loess section at Jingbian, northern China

Detailed rock-magnetic and paleomagnetic investigations have been carried out in a loess-paleosol sequence from the lower part of unit S9 to the bottom of L11 at Jingbian (37.4° N, 108.8°E), which demonstrates that the Upper Jaramillo polarity reversal and a short geomagnetic event bounded within the Jaramillo normal subchron have been revealed. The duration of this short event was about 8.5 ka. The statistical analysis showed that the virtual geomagnetic poles (VGP) paths of the short geomagnetic event are predominantly situated in the longitudinal sector over the America continent and its antipodal longitudes. While the VGP paths of the Upper Jaramillo recorded in the same loess-paleosol sequence exhibit a tight cluster located at western Australia.     

The genesis and environmental significance of red and black sedimentary interlayers in coral reef of well Nanyong 2

The results of paleogeomagnetics and geochemistry of the coral reef in well Nanyong 2 of Nansha Islands showed that the bottom of the black sedimentary interlayer corresponds to the conversion boundary line between Brunhes Postive Polarity and Matuyama Reversed Polarity (B/M) and the cold/warm (19/20) climatic conversion bounds on δ¹⁸O curve, 0.78 Ma ago; and the red sedimentary interlayer corresponds to the ReunionⅠpolarity excursion (reversion) of the geomagnetic field, 2.01—2.04 Ma ago. Comparing with the normal light-coloured coral reef rock, the magnetic susceptibility (c), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of MnO and Fe₂O₃ of the black sedimentary layer appeared obviously positive abnormity. The magnetic susceptibility (c), residual magnetization intensity (Mr) and the content of Fe₂O₃ of the red sedimentary layer also appeared positive abnormity. Combining with the analyzing results of paleontology, we hold that this pair of special and typical sedimentary interlayers was relative to the sudden change of paleoclimate, i.e. the global climatic change and its incidental polarity reversal of the geomagnetic field directly affected the living environment of the paleontological species as well as the dispersion and enrichment of some chemical elements, especially the elements sensitive to redox such as Fe and Mn. For example, the elements Fe and Mn concentrated in the glacial period would be largely oxidized and diluted when the climate warmed up suddenly, and the originally oxidized high valence Fe would be condensed again when the climate cooled suddenly. This is possibly one of the important reasons of appearing and disappearing of the red and black sedimentary events of coral reef in well Nanyong 2.     

地球磁场变化与臭氧分布的对比分析

对比分析地球磁场和臭氧层在分布及变化上的一些观测结果,并结合臭氧层的形成机理,初步探讨地球磁场与臭氧分布的联系。结果是地球磁场的分布和变化与臭氧层的分布和变化具有明显的一致性,这种一致性是地球磁场影响的结果。     

地球主磁场的周期性特征

 利用BJ模型和国际地磁参考场(IGRF)模型资料,研究了地球主磁场的周期特点.结果表明,地磁偶极子磁矩变化率、功率谱变化率以及非偶极子磁场各阶球谐系数的平均漂移速率均存在60 a左右的周期.其它与二阶项有关的地磁参数中普遍具有30 a周期,且西向漂移的加权平均项及其二阶项也存在30 a周期变化.因此60 a和30 a周期是地磁长期变化的主要特征周期.     

Pedogenesis affecting the Matuyama-Brunhes polarity transition recorded in Chinese loess?

A detailed record of the Matuyama-Brunhes (M-B) transition has been obtained from the loess unit 8 (L8) at Duanjiapo (34.2°N, 109.2°E),Shannxi Province of China. An investigation of the rock magnetic properties using hysteresis loops, thermomagnetic analyses identifies pseudo- single domain magnetite as the main carrier of the remanence, with a small contribution from maghemite and hematite. The paleo-direction records obtained reveal: (ⅰ) The M-B transition was recorded in the middle and lower part of L8, and comprises of five fast reversals. (ⅱ) The duration of the M-B polarity transition related to the directional change is about 4800 a. (ⅲ) The virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) path during the transition is confined over Africa, peaked 90° away from the sampling site, in contrast with the results obtained from the Weinan loess section. The different VGPs are probably attributed to the pedogenesis.     

Dramatic variations in the Earth’s main magnetic field during the 20th century

Analysis of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) 1900-2000 shows that the Earth's main magnetic field has changed dramatically during the 20th century: its dipole moment has decreased by 6.5% since 1900, the strengths of its quadrupole and octupole have increased by 95% and 74%, respectively, four major planetary-scale magnetic anomalies on the Earth's surface have enhanced by 21%-56%, and the magnetic center has shifted 200 km towards the Pacific Ocean. These time-variation features are similar to the behavior before a geomagnetic polarity reversal.     

特大磁暴时CHAMP卫星质量密度和NRLMSIS00模式在400km高度上的对比及初步研究

本文通过对比特大磁暴时CHAMP卫星探测的的质量密度和NRLMSIS00模式在400km高度上的数据,阐述了特大磁暴时大气密度扰动的一些规律。结果表明：NRLMSIS00模式在特大磁暴时低估了地磁扰动对大气密度变化的影响,不能很好的反映出实际热层大气密度变化。     

动载荷作用下铁磁性试件的磁记忆效应

研究地磁场环境中钢试件在动拉伸载荷作用下表面弱磁信号的变化以及磁记忆效应.分别进行弹性范围的等幅循环正弦加载和幅值递增至强度极限的正弦加载,对试件表面弱磁场法向分量与正弦加载的循环次数、幅值之间的关系进行了分析.结果表明,弹性加载中低频载荷的循环次数对磁信号增长的影响不明显,而幅值递增加载过程中,当幅值增大至塑性加载范围时,磁信号的变化趋势与弹性加载时相反,且信号绝对值显著增加,最终磁信号的分布在发生颈缩处出现梯度很大的过零.     

Abnormally large short term and impending earthquake geomagnetic anomaly implies a possibility of earthquake pre warning

The study found that strong magnetic anomalies repeatedly took place before big earthquakes. Based on geomagnetic record analysis results,we discussed a possible pattern of the magnetic anomalies prior to earthquake. In meizoseismal area or epicenter,in a time period of 36 h to about 10 min before earthquake,the exceptional big geomagnetic change increases with the magnitude of earthquake. We calculated that,in a place of 1 km from the epicenter,the magnetic anomaly before destructive earthquakes of Ms 6～9 can reach to 102～104 nT(the magnitude of earth magnetic field is 104 nT) ,rather than the magnitude of 10 nT from seismomagnetic effect theories since 1960s. From this we speculated the abnormal magnetic ULF near epicenter before earthquake seems to be an "intermittent magnetic eruption". Accordingly,we proposed that geomagnetic induction earthquake alarm can be a new pre-warning method to surmount hardship in solving the puzzledom of earthquake imminent prediction.     

地磁场对焊枪高度跟踪的影响及减小方法

应用地球磁场理论对GMR磁传感器在焊接过程中焊枪的高度跟踪问题进行系统分析与研究.实验结果表明,采用模拟实验方法,对GMR和放大电路分别采用屏蔽和非屏蔽措施,在正常的工作电压、焊枪与工件的垂直高度为5.0 mm以及地磁场Z分量为26971 nT时,测得地磁场分量Z引起焊枪的高度变化高达5%,即0.3 mm;此外,结合不同纬度地区的地磁分布情况,得出了桂林与满归两地之间因地磁场影响造成的焊枪高度误差也可高达5.5%即0.3 mm以上.从而证明了这种焊枪高度跟踪检测传感器明显地受地磁地影响.为了减小其影响,采用磁法勘探中磁场补偿原理进行补偿,为电弧焊接非接触检测提供了一种新的方法.     

Secular variations in geomagnetic Field caused by the fluctuations in the fluid flow in the outer-core

The theoretical spatial power spectrum of a dipole located at ( r0, θ60, φ0) can be fitted by a straight line in logarithmic scale when n is larger than 2. Based on the spherical harmonic coefficients of geomagnetic field during 1900-1995, the depth( r0) of source-layer of every 5a is calculated. The results show that r0 decreased from 1900 to 1960; abruptly changed from 1945 to 1950 related to some kind of disturbance; decreased again from 1960 to 1975; increased from 1975 to 1985; and kept stable after 1985. Then the mean energy density (MED) of each year is induced to its corresponding r0. We find that MED of dipole field kept nearly unchanged from 1900 to 1960. While, MED of non-dipole field increased. The change of r0 coinciding with the geomagnetic secular variation, impulse and length-of-day happened around 1970, suggesting that the change of r0 may be related to the impulse. The variation in the fluid flow in the outer-core caused by the core-mantle coupling is a plausible candidate in explaining the changes in geomagnetic Jerk, length-of-day, and r0.     

论石炭-二叠系的界线

本文根据地球生物界发展的阶段性、古地磁学和古冰川学等方面的资料,并着眼于寻求能同时反映劳亚陆块和冈瓦纳陆块重大地史发展阶段的全球统一界线,论证了以Montiparus(或Obsoletes)带之底作为石炭-二叠系界线的合理性。     

地磁感应地电场时频变换快速计算方法

随着中国特高压输电线路的建设,中国电网建设遭受地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced current, GIC)影响的风险将大大增加。基于大地电阻模型利用有限元计算地磁扰动感应地电场(geomagnetic disturbance, GMD)地电场的方法,建模复杂,利用有限元法计算感应地电场成本过高。地磁测深数据得到的视电阻率综合反映了大地的电性结构,现提出基于视电阻数据及地磁台实测数据直接计算GMD地磁感应地电场的方法。仿真实验表明,该方法可以极大缩短计算时间,减小计算成本,对中国电网应对地磁暴侵害提供了有效算法。计算结果表明地磁暴对各地地电场的影响不均匀,与当地的地质电性结构有很大的关系,同时南北走向的电网将产生更大的GIC,更易受到地磁暴的侵害,应作为主要的关注对象。     

甚低频电磁波方法预报地磁暴

通过观察甚低频电磁波的相位变化,预测太阳耀斑的级别.当太阳耀斑爆发时,太阳表面首先会发出大量电磁辐射(主要是X射线),甚低频电磁波能很好地感应到此辐射;其次还喷射出大量带电低能粒子流,这会引起地磁暴,且通常在耀斑爆发1~2d之后到达地球.给出了一个预报地磁暴的实例.两事件的时间间隔约为28h,太阳风的速度约为1 484.1km/s.     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的室内地磁信号处理分析

提出一种利用Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)处理分析室内地磁信号的方法。介绍HHT原理与方法,设计出一种室内地磁信号采集平台,对实际测量的室内地磁信号进行经验模态分解(EMD),并对分解后的固有模态函数(IMF)进行频谱和时频剖析,最后将经过HHT处理的原始信号进行重组。结果表明,HHT能用于描述复杂的室内地磁信号的非线性时变特征,为室内地磁信号的处理分析提供一种可行的方法。