反抛物势与双光晶格势中的三维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子

提出了一种处理囚禁于反抛物势和双光晶格复合势中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子动力学的能量密度泛函和直接数值仿真相结合的方法.利用静态Gross-Pitaevskii方程和柱对称玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子试探波函数,给出了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚静态涡旋孤子能量密度泛函的解析式,再运用数值模拟含时Gross-Pi-taevskii方程的方法,得到了稳定演化的涡旋孤子;并且通过调控双光晶格势,实现了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子从某一晶格势槽为初始位置到任意位置的操控,为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验和应用研究提供了一定的理论依据.值得指出的是,双涡旋孤子的稳定演化与操控是最重要的发现.     

复合势下三维旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子及其自旋纹理

为了充分揭示复合势下三维旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子的动力学性质及自旋纹理结构,运用能量泛函方法和直接数值仿真耦合Gross-Pitaevskii方程组,在三维抛物势和二维高斯势组成的复合势下构造了多种带有不同拓扑结构因子稳定的自旋为1的三维铁磁态旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子,并分析了它们的动力学特性.选择其中一种暗孤子作为例子,分析了其在关键参量空间中的稳定性,得到了稳定性区域.然后通过计算暗孤子的自旋密度矢量,得到了指向自旋消失圆的三维环形自旋纹理结构和自旋密度矢量大小随空间变化的分布.这为更好地理解玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的磁性性质提供了帮助,也为实验上实现三维旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子提供了理论依据.     

三维复合势下的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子结构及操控

基于二维抛物势、一维光晶格势和二维高斯势所组成的复合势,讨论了一个具有层状结构并带有增益的三维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子结构.应用能量泛函和直接数值仿真,得到了暗孤子结构在关键参量空间中的稳定性区域,并分析了暗孤子结构的动力学性质.结果发现:在线性增益的作用下,暗孤子结构的振幅和脉宽实现了同步变化,这为通过增益调制来控制物质波孤子的动力学行为提供了一种思路.而且,对不同原子数比例下的暗孤子结构的中心位置进行了成功操控,这将对量子信息的存储和处理起到一定的理论指导作用.     

凝聚体隙孤子的动力控制

发展了研究光晶格中波色-爱因斯坦凝聚体线性与非线性激发动力学性质的系统控制方法,得到了周期势下波色-爱因斯坦凝聚体孤子解析解和典型色散关系.通过对孤子解析解的分析,发现原子相互作用强度对波色-爱因斯坦凝聚体孤子的动力学性质有重要影响.     

一维倾斜光晶格势阱中两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的矢量孤子解及其稳定性

用变分方法研究了在一维倾斜光晶格势阱中的两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体,分别得到了对称不分离、对称分离和不对称不分离三种不同类型的矢量孤子,并与数值模拟得到的结果进行比较,两者吻合得很好。进一步通过引入强扰动,研究了凝聚体中孤子的稳定性问题。     

一维光晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的粒子数分布

对捕陷在三维轴对称谐振势阱叠加一维光晶格的组合势中的玻色凝聚气体,基于平均场Gross-Pitae-vskii方程理论,并运用G-P能量泛函和变分方法,得出了非线性薛定谔方程的一维形式,运用数值计算的方法,研究了组合势中子凝聚体的粒子数分布与光晶格深度之间的关系,同时分析了磁势阱对子凝聚体粒子数分布的影响。     

二维双色型光晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的局域化

利用含时变分法研究了二维双色型光晶格中玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中稳定局域态的性质.根据含时变分法利用高斯型试探波函数和Euler-Lagrange方程给出了高斯型局域态的波包宽度随时间变化的二阶微分方程,确定稳定了局域态的波包宽度.利用数值计算方法直接求解了Gross-Pitaevskii方程,给出了稳定局域态的空间分布.结果表明,在原子之间存在非线性排斥和吸引作用,或者非线性相互作用为零时,在二维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中均可以形成稳定的局域态.     

两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中矢量孤子的动力学性质

通过数值求解异种两组分玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体在弱囚禁势中的运动方程来讨论其矢量孤子解的动力学性质.研究表明,种内和种间相互作用强度满足不同的条件时,会形成亮亮孤子、亮暗孤子和暗暗孤子等不同的矢量孤子解.其中亮亮孤子和亮暗孤子是稳定的,而暗暗孤子很不稳定.适当改变种间相互作用强度,亮、暗孤子之间能够相互转换.     

碟形玻色凝聚体满足的G-P方程

通过赝势法得到处于简谐势阱中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的能量平均值,并利用凝聚体的能量平均值,给出了碟形玻色凝聚体系中的玻色子所满足的含时的非线性薛定谔方程。     

理想的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质间的相互作用

运用热场动力学理论研究了一维情况下有限温度的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体杂质问的相互作用,计算了系统的能量和杂质间的相互作用力,给出相互作用力与温度和杂质间距离的关系.研究结果有助于进一步了解玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中杂质所带来的物理效应,并为Casimir效应和玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的实验研究提供参考.     

Formation and propagation of matter-wave soliton trains

Attraction between the atoms of a Bose-Einstein condensate renders it unstable to collapse, although a condensate with a limited number of atoms can be stabilized by confinement in an atom trap. However, beyond this number the condensate collapses. Condensates constrained to one-dimensional motion with attractive interactions are predicted to form stable solitons, in which the attractive forces exactly compensate for wave-packet dispersion. Here we report the formation of bright solitons of (7)Li atoms in a quasi-one-dimensional optical trap, by magnetically tuning the interactions in a stable Bose-Einstein condensate from repulsive to attractive. The solitons are set in motion by offsetting the optical potential, and are observed to propagate in the potential for many oscillatory cycles without spreading. We observe a soliton train, containing many solitons; repulsive interactions between neighbouring solitons are inferred from their motion.     

Collapse and revival of the matter wave field of a Bose-Einstein condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate represents the most 'classical' form of a matter wave, just as an optical laser emits the most classical form of an electromagnetic wave. Nevertheless, the matter wave field has a quantized structure owing to the granularity of the discrete underlying atoms. Although such a field is usually assumed to be intrinsically stable (apart from incoherent loss processes), this is no longer true when the condensate is in a coherent superposition of different atom number states. For example, in a Bose-Einstein condensate confined by a three-dimensional optical lattice, each potential well can be prepared in a coherent superposition of different atom number states, with constant relative phases between neighbouring lattice sites. It is then natural to ask how the individual matter wave fields and their relative phases evolve. Here we use such a set-up to investigate these questions experimentally, observing that the matter wave field of the Bose-Einstein condensate undergoes a periodic series of collapses and revivals; this behaviour is directly demonstrated in the dynamical evolution of the multiple matter wave interference pattern. We attribute the oscillations to the quantized structure of the matter wave field and the collisions between individual atoms.     

Observation of two-dimensional discrete solitons in optically induced nonlinear photonic lattices

Nonlinear periodic lattices occur in a large variety of systems, such as biological molecules, nonlinear optical waveguides, solid-state systems and Bose-Einstein condensates. The underlying dynamics in these systems is dominated by the interplay between tunnelling between adjacent potential wells and nonlinearity. A balance between these two effects can result in a self-localized state: a lattice or 'discrete' soliton. Direct observation of lattice solitons has so far been limited to one-dimensional systems, namely in arrays of nonlinear optical waveguides. However, many fundamental features are expected to occur in higher dimensions, such as vortex lattice solitons, bright lattice solitons that carry angular momentum, and three-dimensional collisions between lattice solitons. Here, we report the experimental observation of two-dimensional (2D) lattice solitons. We use optical induction, the interference of two or more plane waves in a photosensitive material, to create a 2D photonic lattice in which the solitons form. Our results pave the way for the realization of a variety of nonlinear localization phenomena in photonic lattices and crystals. Finally, our observation directly relates to the proposed lattice solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates, which can be observed in optically induced periodic potentials.     

BEC中非线性薛定谔方程的数值研究

通过数值求解非线性薛定谔方程，来分析温度在绝对零度时束缚在谐振子势阱中弱相互作用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的特性．在一维的情况下，利用定态薛定谔方程，得到了一维谐振势下的基态波函数，同时求得单粒子的基态能量，进一步，利用含时薛定谔方程，研究了宏观波函数随时间的演化，特别是当势阱随时间变化或受扰动的情况．研究表明，一维情况下，不论正散射长度还是负散射长度的原子都可以形成BEC，且非线性相互作用在一定范围内时负散射长度原子的解具有孤立子的性质。     

一类非线性Schr(o)dinger方程的门槛条件

研究一类带调和势并具组合幂非线性项的非线性Schr(o)dinger方程.该方程描述了在磁场势下具有相互吸引的Bose-Einstein凝聚.应用势井方法、凹方法和变分原理,给出了该方程Cauchy问题的整体解和爆破解存在的门槛条件.     

Effective mass approach for a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice

We study the stationary and propagating solutions for a Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） in a periodic optical potential with an additional confining optical or magnetic potential. Using an effective mass approximation we express the condensate wave function in terms of slowly-varying envelopes modulating the Bloch modes of the optical lattice. In the limit of a weak nonlinearity, we derive a nonlinear Schrodinger equation for propagation of the envelope function which does not contain the rapid oscillation of the lattice. We then consider the ground state solutions in detail in the regime of weak, moderate and strong nonlinear interactions. We describe the form of solution which is appropriate in each regime, and place careful limits on the validity of each type of solution. Finally we extend the study to the propagating dynamics of a spinor atomic BEC in an optical lattice and some interesting phenomena are revealed.     

饱和非线性超晶格中带隙孤子的特性研究

利用光谱重构法求解了聚焦饱和非线性超晶格半无穷带隙中的基模孤子，并研究了饱和程度和超晶格势场的相对强度对孤子的功率、稳定性的影响。研究结果表明：对于给定相对强度的超晶格势场，当饱和程度较低时，孤子在高功率区域不稳定，并且孤子的稳定范围随着饱和程度的增大而变宽；当饱和程度较高时，孤子功率随传播常数增大快速增大，但孤子是稳定的。此外，对于给定的低饱和程度，孤子的稳定范围随着超晶格中低频格子相对强度的增大而变宽。     

一维Bose-Einstein凝聚中的孤波

 导出了在一维原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)中,原子被约束在谐和柱形陷阱中时的孤波的有关性质.