水基钻井液用抗高温聚合物增黏剂的研制及作用机理

以2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸钠(Na AMPS)、N-乙烯基己内酰胺(VCL)、二乙烯苯(DVB)为共聚单体,采用自由基胶束聚合法制备了新型抗高温聚合物增黏剂SDKP,并通过单因素实验对反应条件进行了优化。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外光谱、凝胶色谱分别对SDKP的分子结构和平均分子量进行了表征和测定,并评价了增黏剂SDKP在低膨润土钻井液和无固相钻井液中的抗温增黏性能。评价结果表明,SDKP在2.5%低膨润土钻井液中的抗温能力达230℃,在无固相钻井液中的抗温能力达190℃,其在钻井液中具有良好的抗温性能和增黏性能,抗温增黏效果优于国外同类代表产品HE300。最后通过热重分析、环境扫描电镜观测、高温黏度测试等手段,探讨了SDKP的抗温增黏作用机理。     

稠油油溶性降黏剂ASAM/C/O的合成与评价

分析了造成稠油高黏的原因及降黏剂的降黏机理,对降黏剂的分子结构进行设计.先以丙烯酸(A)、苯乙烯(S)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料合成了中间产物——三元共聚物ASAM,然后以ASAM、多元醇、长链烷基酸为原料通过两步酯化反应合成了一种稠油油溶性降黏剂ASAM/C/O.通过正交实验确定出中间产物ASAM的最佳合成条件:单体质量比m(丙烯酸)∶m(苯乙烯)∶m(丙烯酰胺)为6∶3∶2,引发剂质量分数1.3%,反应时间为6 h.降黏剂ASAM/C/O的最佳合成条件∶m(ASAM)∶m(C)∶m(O)取6∶2∶1.5,长链烷基酸的碳链长度取18,反应温度在110～120℃之间,反应时间为6 h左右.降黏剂ASAM/C/O具有较好的降黏效果;降黏率与温度有关,随温度降低,降黏率升高;加剂处理后稠油体系的活化能大幅度降低,说明体系内的结构强度减弱.     

聚丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂的新工艺合成研究

以丙烯酸及其钠盐为单体,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用不通氮气及不除去丙烯酸中阻聚剂的新工艺,通过接枝聚合合成了聚丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂。文章研究了丙烯酸的中和度、引发剂用量及交联剂用量对聚丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂吸水率的影响,并通过正交实验对该产品进行了最优化合成工艺条件的研究。实验研究表明,以该新工艺合成的聚丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂的最高吸蒸馏水率为1 060g/g。     

油溶性特稠原油降黏剂——PAEH的研制

首先合成了一定分子量的聚丙烯酸,然后再分别连续投加山梨醇和硬脂酸,通过两步酯化反应合成了一种聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯衍生物油溶性稠油降黏剂———PAEH.研究了合成条件对产物降黏效果的影响,得出了最佳合成条件:丙烯酸、多元醇、硬脂酸的物质量比为1∶0.6∶0.6,合成温度110~115℃,合成时间5~7h.讨论了该降黏剂加量和温度对其降黏效果的影响.结果表明,当其浓度为0.8g/L,温度在42.5~50.0℃时,具有最佳降黏效果.PAEH稠油降黏剂生产工艺简单,产率高,对高稠原油降黏效果明显.     

阴离子长链疏水缔合聚合物PAAO的合成及溶液性质

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(AMPS)、丙烯酸正辛酯(OA)合成了阴离子长链疏水缔合聚合物PAAO,考察了PAAO的合成条件。采用傅里叶红外光谱法对分子结构进行表征并对其增黏、抗盐性进行了研究。结果表明:当n(AM)∶n(AMPS)=83∶17,引发剂质量分数为0.09%,反应温度为60℃,疏水单体摩尔分数为1.54%时聚合物PAAO的表观黏度最高。此外强阴离子(-SO2-3)和疏水单体的加入,使PAAO水溶液表现出良好的增黏性、抗盐性。     

稠油油溶性降黏剂的合成与评价

采用丙烯酸十八酯(SA)、苯乙烯(S)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MAH)、丙烯酰胺衍生物(AA)作为聚合反应的单体,通过溶液聚合的方法合成一种油溶性四元聚合物SSAM。在实验中探讨温度、时间和反应物的配比等因素对降黏效果的影响。结果表明:降黏剂加入量为700μg·g~(-1)时,在50℃使春晖稠油的表观黏度下降70%以上,净降黏率到达了40%,有良好的降黏效果。     

阳离子丙烯酰胺型疏水单体与丙烯酰胺共聚物水溶液黏度的研究

将阳离子水溶性表面活性大单体二甲基十六烷基(2-丙烯酰胺基丙基)溴化铵(DHAB)与丙烯酰胺通过自由基混合胶束聚合和溶液聚合法合成了具有不同疏水单体含量、不同缔合强度的疏水聚合物,在80℃条件下用表观黏度法研究了疏水单体含量(0.05 mol%～0.15 mol%)不同的聚合物溶液的缔合强度和温度对聚合物溶液表观黏度及流动活化能的影响.当疏水单体含量为0.15 mol%时,临界缔合浓度约为0.15wt%;实验结果表明外加盐(NaCl、CaCl2)对该类型的聚合物具有明显的盐增黏效应.     

含磺基甜菜碱基团聚丙烯酰胺的合成及其溶液性质

用丙烯酰胺(AM)、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAM)、[3-(甲基乙烯酰胺)丙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸)铵(DMMPPS)和[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵(DMAPS)单体通过氧化还原引发剂引发自由基聚合合成AM-DMMPPS、AM-DMAM-DMMPPS、AM-DMAPS和AM-DMAM-DMAPS 4种两性离子共聚物,并对两性离子聚合物进行表征和性能评价.研究结果表明,实验合成的4种共聚物AM-DMMPPS、AM-DMAMDMMPPS、AM-DMAPS和AM-DMAM-DMAPS都有增黏、抗盐、耐温的效果.在相同的反应条件下,在合成的共聚物中,AM-DMMPPS增黏、抗盐、耐温的效果最佳,其比浓黏度达36.8,dL/g.     

室内胶合板用生物油-淀粉胶黏剂的合成工艺

以生物油、淀粉为主要原料制备绿色环保、价格低廉的生物油-淀粉胶黏剂(BOSA)并用于室内胶合板的制备。以淀粉乳液浓度、丙烯酰胺、过硫酸铵及生物油加入量作为试验因子,以胶黏剂的胶合强度、固含量和黏度作为评价指标,采用正交试验法优选出合成BOSA的最佳合成工艺。结表表明:当淀粉乳液质量分数为40%、丙烯酰胺为20%、过硫酸铵为2.5%、生物油为20%时,胶黏剂的综合性能最好,储存期达到15 d,胶合板胶合强度(1.44 MPa)达到国家标准GB/T 9846—2004中Ⅲ类胶合板(≥0.7 MPa)要求。     

低分子量聚丙烯酸钠的合成研究及表征

由丙烯酸合成低分子量(1000～2000)聚丙烯酸钠是一种性能优良的分散剂。以水为溶剂,丙烯酸为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,异丙醇为链转移剂,采用溶液聚合方法得到不同分子量的聚丙烯酸钠,用粘度法测得粘均分子量。分析单体浓度、引发剂浓度、温度和链转移剂对聚合物分子量的影响,得出了各反应因素对聚丙烯酸钠分子量的影响趋势和程度。并用FTIR分析单体和聚合物的结构,验证聚合物的合成。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has