基于证据理论的协同频谱感知算法

针对认知无线电系统中的有效检测授权用户需求,研究了中心节点未知先验信息时的协同频谱感知问题。为了在中心节点未知先验信息的条件下实现对授权用户的有效检测,基于证据理论,对认知用户的本地感知结果提取证据,在中心节点进行融合并判决,提出了一种新的协同频谱感知算法。仿真表明,该算法能够在中心节点未知先验信息情况下,获得很好的频谱感知性能,在先验信息和感知性能之间取得了很好的折中。     

分簇认知网络中能量有效的协作频谱感知算法研究

针对认知网络中用户节点能量受限问题,提出了一种基于分簇网络的能量有效协作频谱感知算法。该频谱感知算法通过对用户节点分簇,缩短感知结果的传输距离。根据对授权用户信号的本地感知和簇内融合的判决结果,设计两次报告审查规则,减少传输感知结果的认知用户数量。以最小化协作频谱感知能耗为目标,建立多变量非线性优化问题模型,并通过逐一变量优化方法求得次优解。仿真结果表明,在保证检测性能的前提下,该算法能明显降低协作频谱感知的能量消耗和传输时延。     

分簇认知网络中能量有效的协作频谱感知算法

针对认知网络中用户节点能量受限问题,提出了一种基于分簇网络的能量有效协作频谱感知算法。该频谱感知算法通过对用户节点分簇,缩短感知结果的传输距离。根据对授权用户信号的本地感知和簇内融合的判决结果,设计两次报告审查规则,减少传输感知结果的认知用户数量。以最小化协作频谱感知能耗为目标,建立多变量非线性优化问题模型,并通过逐一变量优化方法求得次优解。仿真结果表明,在保证检测性能的前提下,该算法能明显降低协作频谱感知的能量消耗和传输时延。     

基于频谱感知信息的认知无线电网络功率密度约束问题

通过机会式地共享已分配的授权频谱,认知无线电技术可以极大地提高频谱的利用率,解决目前频谱资源日益匮乏的难题。当认知无线电网络与传统的通信网络共存时,首先要保证不会对传统的通信系统产生有害的干扰。为此,就需要考虑认知无线电网络中节点的配置密度,使得其对传统用户（主用户）的干扰低于干扰温度的容限。针对此问题考虑了多个认知用户组网时的最大可达到的功率密度问题,在认知用户与主用户间的距离参数未知条件下,将此距离用认知用户检测到的本地信噪比等价表示,获得了认知用户在不同检测概率条件下的可允许的最大功率密度约束条件,并给出了仿真结果。     

一种基于多个循环频率的联合循环谱感知方法

认知无线电是提高频谱利用效率的一种有效途径,快速可靠地检测到主用户和频谱空穴是认知无线电实现的关键和前提.循环平稳检测是认知无线电中进行频谱空穴检测的可靠方法,可以在低信噪比时有效检测出授权用户是否存在.针对单循环检测不能充分利用信号所包含信息的缺点,提出了将Chair-Varshney数据融合准则的思想应用于循环频谱检测的改进算法,使用多个循环频率处的循环谱进行联合检测.仿真分析表明:改进算法充分利用了各单点循环频率上的循环谱信息,在低信噪比时有更好的检测性能.     

基于迭代支持检测的分布式压缩频谱感知算法

在宽带认知无线电网络中,为了解决频谱感知所面临的诸如高采样速率、信道衰落以及认知无线电用户硬件资源受限等技术挑战,提出一种基于迭代支持检测的分布式压缩频谱感知算法.通过一跳通信的方式,认知无线电用户能够将各自的检测信息扩散到整个网络,并得到全局一致的支持集;同时,认知无线电用户进行本地稀疏信号重构时,利用一致的支持集信息能够保证不同用户的估计结果具有联合稀疏特性,从而得到更为准确的频谱检测结果.仿真结果表明,文中的分布式频谱感知算法能够以低于奈奎斯特准则的采样速率有效地实现频谱检测,并且在不需要融合中心的前提下获得近似最佳的检测性能.     

基于用户集合势估计的认知无线电合作频谱感知

频谱感知技术是认知无线电系统的基本功能,是实现已授权频段的次级动态接入和共享的前提。提出基于用户集合势估计的合作频谱感知方案,旨在通过GEEF（gerschgorin exponentially embedded families）,SPEEF（sam-pled power exponentially embedded families）等算法估计出用户的集合势,即适合参与合作频谱感知的最优用户个数,再从全部合作用户中筛选出相应的频谱观测数据生成全局检测统计量,通过与判决门限进行对比,最终对授权用户状态做出判决。理论分析与实验结果表明,提出的方案能够有效地提高频谱感知的性能。     

基于信噪比加权的协作频谱感知技术

在认知无线电系统中,通过认知用户的彼此协作,可以显著提高频谱感知的性能.在实际工作环境中,由于认知用户之间的差异,其信噪比会不同,每个认知用户的局部判决在融合中心对全局判决的影响也不同,因此本文提出一种基于信噪比加权的感知技术,给不同信噪比的用户能量分配不同的权重,采用间接的动态改变不同信噪比用户的判决门限的方法.仿真结果表明,在一定环境下,该算法能提高协作感知性能.     

宽带认知无线电网络分布式协作压缩频谱感知算法

针对宽带认知无线电网络中压缩频谱感知算法在低信噪比环境下频谱检测性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于高斯过程的分布式压缩频谱感知(PBCS)算法.首先应用层次化的正态分布概率模型来表示压缩频谱的重构,然后各个认知无线电用户交换模型参数并结合本地的压缩采样数据进行压缩频谱感知.有别于其他直接融合频谱感知结果或检测数据的协作式算法,PBCS算法通过模型参数融合来进行协作,能有效减小信噪比低的协作用户的影响,从而提高算法的抗噪性.仿真结果表明,PBCS算法可以在-5dB的信噪比条件下达到检测概率大于0.9、误检概率为0.1的频谱检测性能.     

基于极大似然比频谱检测的认知无线电子载波分配算法

在认知无线电多载波调制系统中,子载波分配是实现主用户与认知用户频谱共享的前提.研究了认知OFDM中基于极大似然比检测(MLD)的子载波分配算法,认知用户采用MLD模型对主用户频谱使用情况进行分布式检测,利用频谱检测信息动态分配子载波,通过认知基站对认知用户子载波频谱感知信息进行融合判决.推导了MLD模型的判决区域上下界阈值、检测概率与虚警概率,并与能量检测进行性能比较.仿真结果表明,相对于能量检测,MLD判决阈值与子载波平均接收信噪比(SNR)有关,检测性能自适应信道变化.MLD用于CR多载波调制中的子载波分配,可明显提高认知OFDM子载波频谱感知性能,从而达到高效利用频谱资源,实现"绿色通信".     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that