完全匹配层吸收边界条件的研究

边界反射是数值模拟中的一个关键问题.构建完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件是消除边界反射的理想方法之一.此方法是在研究区域的边界上加入吸收层,使边界上传入吸收层的波随传播距离按指数规律衰减,不产生任何反射,达到消除边界反射的目的.首先给出了二维声波方程完全匹配层的公式,然后通过地面地震模型和井间地震模型数值算例与常规吸收边界条件进行了比较.结果表明,PML边界条件具有吸收更干净、相位对应关系好且能够吸收各种角度的边界反射等优点,从而验证了完全匹配层吸收效果的优越性.     

基于M-PML边界的Lebedev网格起伏地表正演模拟方法及稳定性分析

贴体网格作为一种"边界拟合网格",能改善传统有限差分处理起伏地表时由阶梯状网格存在所产生的虚假绕射。此外,完全匹配层(PML)技术被证明是一种能够有效消除虚假反射的重要边界条件,但采用自由地表模拟面波时,传统PML易产生不稳定现象。为实现起伏地表自由边界条件下稳定的地震波场模拟,发展一种基于弹性介质的全交错-Lebedev网格有限差分方法,并将边界条件扩展为多轴完全匹配层(M-PML)。在实现算法的基础上,通过模型试算验证新方法的正确性;并对比几种不同完全匹配层技术的稳定性差异,解释PML边界产生不稳定的机制。正演模拟结果表明,M-PML在处理起伏地表面波模拟中有更好的稳定性。     

波动方程正演模拟边界条件的比较分析

通过数值模拟研究了透明边界、Clayton-Engquist边界和完全匹配层边界的吸收效果,得出如下结论:在反射角和频率相同的情况下,完全匹配层边界条件效果最好,ClaytonEngquist边界效果次之,而透明边界条件的效果最差。以边界条件对100 Hz模型边界垂直反射的吸收效果来衡量,完全匹配层边界条件与Clayton-Engquist边界条件的效果分别是透明边界条件的16.5倍和3.5倍。在40 Hz的低频范围内,或者在反射角65°的情况下,Clayton-Engquist边界相对透明边界的吸收效果相对优势显著变弱。而完全匹配层边界的吸收效果则在150Hz频率范围内和75°反射角范围内始终保持稳定的相对优势。     

完全匹配层吸收边界条件的研究

边界反射是数值模拟中的一个关键问题。构建完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件是消除边界反射的理想方法之一。此方法是在研究区域的边界上加入吸收层,使边界上传入吸收层的波随传播距离按指数规律衰减,不产生任何反射,达到消除边界反射的目的。首先给出了二维声波方程完全匹配层的公式,然后通过地面地震模型和井间地震模型数值算例与常规吸收边界条件进行了比较。结果表明,PML边界条件具有吸收更干净、相位对应关系好且能够吸收各种角度的边界反射等优点,从而验证了完全匹配层吸收效果的优越性。     

柱坐标声波方程正演两种PML边界加载方式的对比

分析了地震波场模拟中直角坐标系下一阶声压速度方程完全匹配层边界的两种不同的添加方式,讨论了其等价性。进而针对柱坐标系下一阶声压速度方程的特殊形式,推导出在柱坐标系下进行波场模拟的完全匹配层边界的特殊形式,指出柱坐标一阶方程中两种完全匹配层添加方式的不等价性。最后通过数值试验对两种不同的边界条件的实际应用效果进行了比较,结果表明变量复值化这一吸收边界实现方式在相同参数设置下的实际应用效果要优于直接引入衰减系数。     

一种截断Cole-Cole色散媒质CPML的FDTD方案

近年来,基于帕德(Padé)近似法,一种面向一般Cole-Cole色散媒质的时域有限差分(FDTD)方案被提出.为了应用该方案处理实际的电磁问题,发展了一种对应的卷积完全匹配层(CPML)吸收边界.该吸收边界具有复杂度低的优势,便于问题空间和吸收边界的统一处理.通过一维、三维2个算例,初步证实了该边界的良好吸收效果.     

CFS-PML在探地雷达FDTD法模拟中应用

探地雷达(GPR)数值模拟中,为了使截断边界处不产生人为的反射波,需要加载边界条件.目前常用的完全匹配层(PML)边界对隐失波、低频波、掠角波等不能很好地吸收.为此,在时域有限差分(FDTD)法中引入复频移卷积完全匹配层(CFS-PML).从二维TM波的Maxwell方程组出发,阐述了CFS-PML边界条件的原理,推导了CFS-PML边界加载的离散差分公式,给出了CFS-PML边界条件的参数选取原则.应用均匀介质中GPR波场快照,对比了截断处没有加载边界条件、加载3种不同边界条件的边界处反射波的强弱,实例说明单轴各向异性完全匹配层(UPML)、CFS-PML边界条件具有较好的吸收效果.为了进一步对比UPML与CFS-PML的吸收效果,设置了双层介质狭长模型,通过波场快照与全局反射误差证明了CFS-PML对隐失波、低频波、掠角波的吸收较UPML效果更佳.     

弹性波时域仿真的两个问题

为了解决医学超声探测的动态计算机仿真问题，将计算电磁学的时域有限差分(FDTD)方法应用于弹性机械波的模拟．建立了模拟弹性波时的有限差分模型，给出了弹性媒质运动学方程的FDTD离散形式，提出了复杂媒质边界的处理方法，用完全匹配层吸收边界截断计算区域．数值实验验证了上述模型和计算方法的有效性．     

TI介质地震波场数值模拟边界条件处理

地震波场数值模拟研究中,边界条件处理非常重要,它直接影响模拟地震数据的精度.针对TI(Transversely Isotropic)介质一阶速度—应力弹性波动方程组,利用时间域分裂法给出了PML(Perfectly matched layer,完全匹配层)吸收边界条件,其基本思想是在所研究的区域外引入吸收层,地震波从有效计算区域传播到吸收层时不发生任何反射,且在吸收层内按传播距离呈指数衰减,不发生反射.利用交错网格高阶差分技术对PML吸收边界条件求解,对比不同边界条件数值模拟结果表明,PML吸收边界条件较应用广泛的Clayton吸收边界有更好的吸收效果,能更好地满足地震数值模拟的需要.     

起伏地表复杂地质模型的格子法声波方程正演模拟

利用声波方程格子法,结合非规则网格完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界,对具有起伏地表、强速度对比的模型进行了正演模拟.模拟结果表明,采用依据波速改变尺度的非则网格对模型进行离散化,不仅能够精确刻画地表、反射界面,避免阶梯近似带来的数值散射现象,而且能有效克服规则网格离散化带来的空间、时间过采样问题,节省了存储空间,提高了模拟效率.非规则网格PML方法以及相应的坐标转换方法的应用,可对所关心的区域周围设置曲线吸收边界,避免了常规PML方法中处理拐角时的麻烦.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with