提取分离活性染料的微乳液膜体系研究

对适用于提取分离水溶液中活性染料的微乳液膜体系进行研究．以三元相图为实验方法，考察了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、油溶剂以及促进迁移载体的选择和用量；分析了不同内水相浓度、温度等因素对微乳液膜的影响．实验结果表明，以OP-7为表面活性剂、异戊醇为助表面活性剂、煤油为油溶剂、N235为促进迁移载体组成有机相，以NaOH溶液为内水相的微乳液膜体系，可有效提取分离活性染料艳蓝-K．     

抗菌性植物精油的复配及其微乳液的制备

针对单一植物源杀菌剂存在高成本、低抗菌性且抗菌谱较窄及植物精油不稳定的问题,设计开发了一种新型的抗菌复方精油微乳液.采用协同指数法确定精油的最佳复配组合,并利用相转化法制备其微乳液,通过分析拟三元相图中微乳液区域的大小研究了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比(Km)及油相含量对微乳液形成的影响.结果表明:在室温条件下,以丁香油-肉桂油-大蒜油复配精油(质量比8∶1∶8)为油相、Tween-80为表面活性剂、甘油为助表面活性剂、蒸馏水为水相,当Km=5∶1、油相和混合表面活性剂的质量比为2∶8时,制备的微乳液抗菌性能显著,且外观及稳定性等均较好.     

十二烷基甜菜碱/正丁醇/正辛烷/盐水体系中相微乳液研究

两性表面活性剂十二烷基甜菜碱（Ｃ１２ＢＥ）,在正丁醇,正辛烷,盐水存在的情况下,能形成多相微乳液．本文系统地研究了表面活性剂,正丁醇和氯化钠的浓度对该体系的中相微乳液的形成及特性的影响,得到了中相微乳液的特性参数（最佳含盐量Ｓ＊,界面张力ｒＥ和盐宽△Ｓ等）．     

油包水微乳液体系的稳定性分析

将表面活性剂Tween80和Span80复配,以环己烷为油相制备高度分散、液滴均匀的油包水(W/O)型微乳液.以最大增溶水量为指标,通过目测及测定体系电导率,研究了表面活性剂复配、四种醇类助表面活性剂、温度和盐度等因素对微乳液体系稳定性的影响,探索该微乳液形成的适宜条件.实验结果表明:当复配表面活性剂中Tween80的含量为60%、乙醇作助表面活性剂、助表面活性剂与复配表面活性剂质量比Km=1.0时,可得到作为微反应器的理想微乳液体系;随温度升高,W/O微乳液体系相图的稳定区域减小,盐度对微乳液稳定性的影响减小.     

微乳液膜萃取废水中酚的研究

研究了P_(204)煤油NaOH组成的微乳液膜配方及其稳定性,通过该液膜体系萃取废水中酚,考察了PP_(204)的浓度、NaOH的浓度、乳水比、外水相pH值、酚的浓度对除酚率的影响.实验结果表明,微乳液膜不仅稳定性好,无明显溶胀和泄漏,而且分离速度快,除酚率高,可自动破乳.当PP_(204)的浓度为1.0mol/L,乳水比为1∶3,含酚废水的pH值为5时,除酚率达99.98%.     

实验与MD模拟探究基于LS-45的超临界CO_2微乳液结构

超临界CO_2微乳液具有特殊的微观结构,这是其在萃取、反应及纳米材料制备领域广泛应用的前提。文中通过相行为实验和分子动力学模拟相结合的方法,测试了基于表面活性剂LS-45超临界CO_2微乳液的临界微乳液浓度及溶水能力。运用分子动力学模拟,从分子级别上考察了微乳液的聚集过程,并分析了聚团的结构信息。实验结果表明,LS-45微乳液体系的临界微乳液浓度为0.002 71 mol/L,体系溶水能力随压力的增大而增大。模拟结果显示,水分子与表面活性剂分子的聚集轨迹基本同步,表面活性剂数量对微乳液内水核的最终聚集程度影响不大。     

SDS／C4H9OH／H2O微乳液,溶致液晶体系中泡沫的稳定性

在ＳＤＳ／Ｃ４Ｈ９ＯＨ／Ｈ２Ｏ体系中，以微乳液为介质制备泡沫，其稳定性随表面活性剂浓度的增加而降低，且以Ｏ／Ｗ微乳液为介质比以双连续结构微乳液为介质制备的泡沫稳定性高。以微乳液－溶致液晶两相体系为介质制备泡沫，其稳定性随液晶含量的增加而增加，但液晶含量过多反而降低了泡沫的稳定性。在微乳液单相体系和微乳液－溶致液晶两相体系中所制的泡沫，其高度随时间的变化符合一级反应动力学方程。     

HCFC141b乳液及微乳液体系水合物生成过程实验研究

为促进制冷剂快速生成水合物,首先利用高剪切混合乳化机制备HCFC141b乳液来增大两相界面,考察了剪切乳化时间、环境浴温度、HCFC141b浓度、"记忆效应"和高浓度表面活性剂对HCFC141b乳液水合反应过程的诱导时间和过冷度的影响.以此为基础,由T20/卵磷脂复配表面活性剂和T80研制热力学稳定的HCFC141b微乳液来提高两相相容性,揭示了HCFC141b微乳液水合反应过程中的晶体生长特征.微乳液中HCFC141水合物晶体均匀快速生长,与乳液水合反应相比,其诱导时间和过冷度大大减小.该研究为有效促进水合物结晶开辟了新途径.     

以反胶束为模板合成导电聚苯胺

选用2—乙基已基琥珀酸钠(AOT)／异辛烷、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚(Triton-X100或OP)／正辛醇／环己烷以及十六烷基三甲基澳化铵(CTAB)／氯仿／正辛醇三种不同类型的表面活性剂形成的反胶束体系为模板进行苯胺聚合．系统地讨论了苯胺与过硫酸铵的物质的量的比、反应时间、氧化剂滴加速率、反应温度、微水相酸浓度及表面活性剂浓度等因素对于反应表现收率及电导率的影响．     

微乳液法制备纳米氧化锌及微乳体系相行为研究

研究了表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与助表面活性剂正丁醇微乳体系的相行为,考察了表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比、油相种类、锌离子浓度对微乳液拟三元相区大小的影响,以确定适宜制备纳米氧化锌的微乳体系.研究表明,当m(CTAB)∶m(正丁醇)∶m(正辛烷)=1.2∶1∶4.4时,微乳体系具有较高的增溶水量.采用该配比,在微乳体系中制备出粒径小、尺寸分布窄的纳米氧化锌,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等对纳米氧化锌的形态和晶体结构进行了表征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that