Ascidians collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition

Material collected in 1963 and 1964 by the International Indian Ocean Expedition includes ascidians from areas where the fauna is well-known such as the Mozambique Channel and from the relatively unknown southern Arabian Sea. Of the 29 species identified six are described as new to science, including one from a new genus of the family Polyclinidae.     

Some benthic Tunicata from the southern Indo-Pacific Ocean

Forty one species of benthic Tunicata are recorded in the material collected from 87–5760m from the Coral Sea, Tasman Sea and the waters south of Australia and New Zealand, up to 65°S. Several species, recorded for the first time from the region, were previously known from the central and western Indian Ocean. Seven new species are described.     

Ascidians collected during the Spanish Antarctic expedition CIEMAR 99/00 in the Bransfield and Gerlache Straits

During the Spanish expedition CIEMAR 99/00, on board the BIO‐Hespérides, 30 species of ascidians (distributed in 13 genera and eight families) were collected using a rock dredge in the Bransfield and Gerlache straits. Most of them were already known, but one species, Tetrazona ciemari sp. nov., is new for science. Additional morphological data are provided for six species. Five are reported for only the second time and the known distributions of five species are extended.     

Deep-sea tanaidaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Albatross cruises 1885-86 with keys to the suborder Neotanaidomorpha

Previously unidentified tanaidacean material from the US Albatross cruises 1885–86 revealed a number of new species. Most species belonged to the suborder of Neotanaidomorpha, of which two new species were found. Neotanais gardineri n. sp. is described. The species N.insolitus is transferred to the genus Venusticrus. Additional information of previously described species of Neotanais is given. The existence of a cheliped ischium within the Neotanaidae is noted. A species list for the new material from the Albatross Expedition is given as well as complete keys to the females of the suborder Neotanaidomorpha. Species of the suborder Tanaidomorpha were also found. The new species Collettea wilsoni is described (Family indet). Also found were two undesribed species of Anarthruridae (Anarthrurinae), as well as a large number of Agathotanais ingolfi.     

Some anisakid nematodes from marine fishes of Japan and the North Pacific Ocean

A recent collection of anisakid nematodes from marine fishes from Japan and the North Pacific Ocean comprised a total of seven species of two genera; six of them (Raphidascaroides nipponensis Yamaguti, 1941, Hysterothylacium aduncum aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802), H. auctum (Rudolphi, 1802), H. cornutum (Stossich, 1904), H. marinum (Linnaeus, 1767) and H. physiculi sp. n.) parasitize fishes as adults, whereas one (Hysterothylacium sp.) occurred as larvae encapsulated in the host's abdominal cavity. Hysterothylacium physiculi sp. n. from the intestine of the gadiform fish Physiculus maximowiczi (Herzenstein) (family Moridae) from the western North Pacific (Kamaishi Bay, Honshu) is characterized mainly by shape of the lips, presence of well developed lateral alae starting some distance posterior to base of the lips, a short caecum, and markedly short (324-416mum) spicules. SEM study of R. nipponensis, type species of the genus, did not confirm the presence of dentigerous ridges on the lips. All species are briefly described and illustrated and some taxonomic problems are discussed. Several new host and geographical records are presented.     

New deep-sea Nannastacidae (Crustacea,Cumacea) from the Eastern Pacific collected by R.V. 'Vema'

Five new species of Procampylaspis Bonnier, 1896 (P. cornuta, P. jonesi, P. ledoyeri, P. muradianae and P. spinosa) and a new genus and species, Vemacumella heardi, are described from material collected by R.V. ‘Vema’ from the eastern Pacific coast of South America from 1958 to 1962. The new species of Procampylaspis are compared to congeners from the Atlantic. Vemacumella n. gen. is closely related to Styloptocuma Bacescu and Muradian, 1974, but also possesses a few characters in common with Cumella Sars, 1865; Bate, 1856.     

New species of cheilostomate Bryozoa collected by the US Antarctic Research Program

Four new species of cheilostomate Bryozoa are described in the genera Chartella, Ogivalia, Melicerita and Cellarinella. The circumArctic genus Chartella is recorded for the first time from the subAntarctic. Alloeoflustra gen. nov. is introduced for three endemic Antarctic Flustridae.     

Larval anisakid nematodes from four species of squid (Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea) from the central and western North Pacific Ocean

Third-stage larvae of two species of the genus Anisakis, A. simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) and A. physeteris Baylis, 1923, and those of two types of Lappetascaris sp. are described from four species of squids from the central and western North Pacific Ocean. Larvae of Lappetascaris sp. Type A were 15-33 mm long and occurred individually free in the mantle musculature of squids, whereas those of Lappetascaris sp. Type B were considerably smaller, only 3–7 mm long, and were found in capsules on the stomach wall, each capsule containing up to 50–60 larvae. It is not known whether both larval types are conspecific or belong to two different Lappetascaris species. Anisakis simplex and A. physeteris larvae were found in Onychoteuthis borealijaponica Okada and Gonatopsis borealis Sasaki, and O. borealijaponica, respectively, whereas Lappetascaris sp. Type A and Type B larvae from Thysanoteuthis rhombus Troschel, Ommastrephes bartramii (LeSueur), Onychoteuthis borealijaponica and G. borealis, and O. bartramii, respectively. The findings represent several new host records and all these parasites are reported for the first time from squids in the central North Pacific Ocean.     

Stephonyx californiensis sp. nov. (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Uristidae), a new bathyal scavenger species from the Central Gulf of California,Mexico, and comments on the bathymetric and geographic distribution of the Stephonyx species group

A new species of scavenger amphipod of the genus Stephonyx is described and illustrated. The specimen was caught at 1150 m depth with a modified rectangular lobster trap positioned on the sea bottom in the central Gulf of California, Mexico. The new species is characterised by the absence of eyes; the lateral cephalic lobes medially developed and acute; antennae subequal in length; gnathopod 1 chelate, dactylus simple with three distal stout setae, inner margin sinuous with minute setae; gnathopod 2 subchelate, carpus with ventral margin crenulate, propodus subovate, palm deeply excavate, and dactylus slightly shorter than palm; maxilliped inner plate laceolate, with seven marginal nodular robust setae, distally; telson, each lobe with two dorsal robust setae, distal margin truncated, with one penicillate and two simple setae, in addition to two short spines. Stephonyx californiensis sp. nov. is morphologically similar to S. arabiensis, S talismani, S. laqueus and S. perexcavatus. The new species increases the number of Stephonyx species around the world to 14, with one species inhabiting from the continental shelf to abyssal depths (to 3000 m), 11 species occurring in bathyal depths (201–2000 m), and two other species restricted to abyssal depths (2001–4000 m).

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:346C3B15-E56A-4E17-9C5F-C9FDBB2AED92     

Bryozoa collected by the United States Antarctic Research Program: new taxa and new records

Thirty-two species of cheilostomate Bryozoa are described and illustrated from 26 stations sampled by the United States Antarctic Research Program, including 29 new species and two new genera. A further new genus is introduced for two species formerly attributed to Osthimosia Jullien, 1888. One station was located in the Ross Sea and three in the cold temperate South Pacific; 14 stations were sampled in the region of the Scotia Arc, south of the Antarctic Convergence, and eight from the subantarctic southwest Atlantic, mostly in the vicinity of Tierra del Fuego. Nine new species were present in the Antarctic samples, whereas those from the southwest Atlantic yielded 18 new species and the two new genera. Three of the new subantarctic species are attributed to genera formerly considered to be Antarctic endemics, while the two newly assigned species of Osthimosia are presently known only from Antarctic localities.     

The Polyplacophora (Mollusca) collected during the First International Marine Biodiversity Workshop for Rodrigues (western Indian Ocean), with the description of a new species

A total of seven species of Polyplacophora, namely Parachiton hylkiae mauricejayi Schwabe, 2002 Schwabe E 2002 A new subspecies of the genus Parachiton Thiele, 1909 Thiele J 1909 Revision des Systems der Chitonen. I. Teil Zoologica Stuttgart 22, 1–70, pls?1–6  <!--${googleScholarLinkReplacer: %00empty%00 book +Zoologica+Stuttgart+ author%3DJ+Thiele 1909 ++%0AThiele+++J+++++1909++++Revision+des+Systems+der+Chitonen.+I.+Teil++++Zoologica+Stuttgart+++++++22%2C+1%E2%80%9370%2C+pls%E2%80%891%E2%80%936+ %00empty%00 %00null%00}--> from the Indian Ocean Of Sea and Shore 24(4), 220–223  [Google Scholar], Callochiton deshayesi Thiele, 1909 Thiele J 1909 Revision des Systems der Chitonen. I. Teil Zoologica Stuttgart 22, 1–70, pls?1–6  [Google Scholar], Callistochiton barnardi Leloup, 1981, Lucilina indica (Leloup, 1981), Onithochiton maillardi (Deshayes, 1863 Deshayes G. P 1863 Catalogue des mollusques de l'Ile de la Réunion (Bourbon) in L. Maillard (ed.) Notes sur l'Ile de la Réunion (Paris: Dentu), pp.?1–144, pls?28–41  [Google Scholar]), Choneplax indica Odhner, 1919 Odhner N. H. J 1919 Contribution à la faune malacologique de Madagascar Arkiv för Zoologi 12(6), 1–52, pls?1–4  [Google Scholar] and Cryptoconchus oliveri n. sp., were collected during a survey of marine biodiversity at Rodrigues. For all the species taxonomically relevant characters are described, and for the first time are illustrated in detail using SEM photography. The taxonomic status of Lucilina indica (Leloup, 1981) is clarified, and it is rejected from the synonymy of Lucilina carnosa (Kaas, 1979 Kaas P 1979 The chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) of Mozambique Annales of the Natal Museum 23(3), 855–879  [Google Scholar]).     

New species of Doliodrilus and other Limnodriloidinae (Oligochaeta,Tubificidae) from Hainan and other parts of the north-west Pacific Ocean

Thirteen species of Limnodriloidinae (Tubificidae) are recorded from marine and brackish-water habitats of Hainan Island, southern China, including 11 species of Doliodrilus and two species belonging to Limnodriloides. Eight species are new to science: D. bisaccus sp. n. (types from Japan), D. longidentatus sp. n. (types from Hong Kong), D. ciliatus sp. n., D. adiacens sp. n., D. fibrisaccus sp. n. (also from Fiji), D. brachyductus sp. n., D. bidolium sp. n. and D. chinensis sp. n. In addition, material of D. puertoricensis Erséus and Milligan, 1988, from New Caledonia, is briefly described. This study shows that Doliodrilus is unexpectedly species-rich in Asian seas, in particular, around Hainan. Including an unnamed species from this island, the known members of this genus increase from three to 12.     

Three new species of Pogonophora,including two vestimentiferans,from hydrothermal sites in the Lau Back-arc Basin (Southwest Pacific Ocean)

Hydrothermal fields on the Valu Fa Ridge at about 22°32′S, 176°43′W, were explored by the submersible Nautile during the French BIOLAU expedition in 1989. Pogonophorans were found during six of the 12 dives, at depths of about 1900 m. They were exposed to the influence of hydrothermal fluids but probably did not experience elevated temperatures. One new species of sediment-living perviate pogonophore was collected. Two new obturate pogonophores (vestimentiferans), one belonging to a new family, lived attached to hard substrata. There is a complete faunistic separation of the Lau Basin vestimentiferans from the eastern Pacific vent faunas. Families as well as genera are different, and the Lau species appear to have more in common with cold seep faunas.     

Amphipoda from the South Pacific: Niue Island

A new family (Epimerellidae) and a new genus (Enisella) are characterized. Keys are provided to the families of the Oppioidea and to the genera and species of the new family.     

A record of Randiella from New Caledonia,the first known occurrence of the marine interstitial family Randiellidae (Annelida; Oligochaeta) in the South Pacific Ocean

Five specimens morphologically indistinguishable from Randiella caribaea Erséus and Strehlow, 1986, previously known only from the Caribbean in the Atlantic Ocean, are reported from a sandy beach at Touhou, New Caledonia. The new material reveals that R. caribaea and probably also the closely related R. minuta Erséus and Strehlow, 1986 have dorsal spermathecae, an assumedly apomorphic condition vis-à-vis the lateral spermathecae of the other species of Randiellidae. The number and position of the gonads in this family are unclear, but the new material of R. caribaea appears to have at least one testis in segment X and one ovary in segment XII.     

A new species of Crepidula (Mollusca: Mesogastropoda: Calyptraeidae) from Chile: additional characters for the identification of eastern Pacific planar Crepidula group

A new species of Crepidula is described. It was collected together with Pagurus edwardsii Dana and Pagurus perlatus H. Milne Edwards, inhabiting the inside of empty shells of Tegula euryomphala Jones and other gastropods. The shell is low convex-oval in juveniles, low convex-oblong in males and concave-oblong elongated in females. In the adult phases the apex projects slightly at the posterior border. The sinusoidal septum is ‘V’ shaped at its centre, with a smooth sulcus in the left quarter. The osphradium has 2–13 digitiform leaflets according to phases of the life cycle. The characteristically thin, external-lateral teeth of the taenioglossate radula possess a row of denticles. In addition, evidence is given that: (1) males have a lanceolate penis with a spermatic tube; (2) the intracapsular-embryonic development starting with many embryos, occurs with a decrease at the larvae-protoconch stage, each one with an adhered-vitelline mass, and culminates with a few prehatching juveniles of 1 mm size. In the expression of the consecutive-protandric hermaphroditic sexuality, the male phase is truly separated from the female phase by a transition period at the population level. The shell and radular morphology, intracapsular development and ecological antecedents allow the proposal of Crepidula coquimbensis as a new species, and suggest a future taxonomic revision of the group based, moreover, on osphradium structure and new characters of the reproductive system, such as penis morphology.     

New and unusual abyssal gammaridean Amphipoda from the north-east Pacific

Seventeen species of gammaridean amphipods were identified from sediment trap collections in the north-east Pacific, off the central California coast from depths of 3450–4050 m. Four new monotypic genera, Anisocallisoma (Family Scopelocheiridae), Triquetramana (Family Eusiridae), Octomana and Macroarthrus (Family Pardaliscidae) and eight new species, Cyphocaris latirama, Schisturella spinirama, Paracallisoma spinipoda, Anisocallisoma armigera, Triquetramana brevipalpa, Octomana hadromischa, Macroarthrus victoriae, Oedicerina denticulata are described. A number of new and unusual morphological characteristics were discovered, most notably in the family Pardaliscidae, where two of the new genera belong. In addition, new distributional and/or depth records are established for the following species: Procyphocaris indurata (K. H. Barnard, 1925), Scopelocheiropsis abyssalis Schellenberg, 1926a, Rhachotropis distincta (Holmes, 1908), Cleonardo biscayensis Chevreux, 1908b, Cleonardo macrocephala Birstein and Vinogradov, 1955, Pardaliscopsis tenuipalpa Chevreux, 1911, Halice aculeata Chevreux, 1912 and the genus Oedicerina Stephensen, 1931. In order to assist future identification, the new species are fully diagnosed and illustrated. Three tables for comparing characters and a key to the species of Oedicerina are also provided. Additional morphological information and figures are given for existing species that hitherto were poorly described and illustrated. Sediment traps normally employed in studying organic matter fluxes are herewith used for the first time as a source of deep-sea amphipods, and this potentially exciting method is discussed. The high proportion of new taxa illustrates the deficiencies in our knowledge of the abyssal fauna in this area, emphasizes the importance of continued collecting in the deep-sea, and demonstrates the need for increased taxonomic effort to document this diversity.     

Deep-water crisiids (Bryozoa: Cyclostomata) from the northeast Atlantic Ocean

Eight Crisia and two Bicrisia species are recorded from the Celtic Sea (330–1175 m, Thalassa, 1973) and from both sides of the Straits of Gibraltar (110–903 m, Cryos, Balgim). Two new species are described: Crisia pyrula n. sp., and Bicrisia gibraltarensis n. sp. Systematics and morphology of five other species are detailed. A southern morphotype of C. aculeata is distinguished. Except for the boreal species B. abyssicola, all species occur both in Atlantic and Mediterranean localities. The upper bathyal crisiid fauna (>200 m) is richer in the Celtic Sea than in the Gibraltar area (6 spp. vs. 3 spp). Only three crisiids seem to be true deep-water species. The crisiid stock from stations located in the Gulf of Cadiz in Atlantic water is twice as rich as (1) that from stations of the same area washed by the Mediterranean water outflow; (2) that from the Alboran Sea.     

New xenophyophores (Protista) from the bathyal and abyssal north-east Atlantic Ocean

Eight species of xenophyophores, seven of them new, are described from epibenthic sledge material collected in the north-east Atlantic by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences. A new genus is established for two of the new species, Homogammina lamina and H. maculosa. The other five new species are Galatheammina discoveryi, G. microconcha, Psammina delicata, P. fusca and P. sabulosa. The eighth species is Reticulammina labyrinthica Tendal, 1972, first described from the south-west Pacific. The material considerably expands knowledge of north-east Atlantic xenophyophores, emphasizes the dominance in this area of the order Psamminida, and suggests a considerable degree of endemism. All specimens are highly fragmented and it is therefore difficult to correlate the species described from the samples with those appearing in simultaneously taken bottom photographs.