A revision of the genus Prionocrangon (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Crangonidae)

Additional specimens belonging to the rare crangonid genus Prionocrangon Wood‐Mason and Alcock, collected from recent deep‐sea expeditions in the West Pacific enable a revision of this poorly known genus. The four previously described species are all valid. The type species P. ommatosteres Wood‐Mason and Alcock, , originally known only from the Andaman Sea, is considered to be also distributed in the Philippines and Indonesia. However, the material previously assigned to “P. ommatosteres” by de Man () and Chace () from Indonesia and the Philippines actually represents a new species, P. demani sp. nov., close to P. pectinata Faxon, . Prionocrangon pectinata and P. curvicaulis Yaldwyn, are still only known by their types. The distribution of P. dofleini Balss, is now extended from Japan to Taiwan. Two more new species are recognized. Prionocrangon formosa sp. nov. from Taiwan is closely related to P. curvicaulis while P. paucispina sp. nov. from Taiwan and New Caledonia is unique in having very few dorsal carapace spines. The genus Prionocrangon is newly diagnosed and a key to the species is provided. Nevertheless, a damaged specimen from the Sulu Sea could not be satisfactorily assigned to any of the above seven species, suggesting that this genus may have even higher diversity.     

Revision of the genus Cylindrommata Tippmann (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The monotypic genus Cylindrommata is revised, and three new species are described from Brazil. Cylindrommata aurantia sp. nov. is recorded from the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, and differs from other species principally by having the prothorax tuberculate at the sides, pronotum subplane and elytra orangish. Cylindrommata lustrata sp. nov. is from Minas Gerais, and has the prothorax without tubercles, rounded at the sides, and elytra short and black with dark-blue reflections. Cylindrommata susanae sp. nov. is from Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, and has the prothorax without tubercles, parallel at the sides, and elytra yellowish. A key to the species is provided, and all the species are illustrated.     

Revision of the sesarmid crab genera Labuanium Serène and Soh, 1970, Scandarma Schubart,Liu and Cuesta, 2003 and Namlacium Serène and Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with descriptions of four new genera and two new species

ABSTRACT

The systematics of the arboreal sesarmid crab genera Labuanium Serène and Soh, 1970 and Scandarma Schubart, Liu and Cuesta, 2003 is revised. Also included is the poorly known genus Namlacium Serène and Soh, 1970, which is morphologically similar to Labuanium and may also be arboreal in habit. The present study restricts Labuanium to its type species, L. politum (De Man, 1887), and congeners are transferred to Scandarma, Geosesarma De Man, 1892, and three new genera established herein: Circulium gen. nov., Shinobium gen. nov. and Mindanium gen. nov. Two new species of Scandarma are described from Papua New Guinea and Madagascar. Sesarma jacquinoti Ortmann, 1894, previously regarded as a synonym of Scandarma gracilipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) (comb. nov.), is here shown to be a junior synonym of Sesarmops angustifrons (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869). Labuanium schuetteii (Hess, 1865) is regarded as conspecific with Scandarma gracilipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) (comb. nov.) and the lectotype of the latter species (here designated) is also selected as the neotype of the former, making the two names objective synonyms. Material which had been identified as ‘Labuanium finni Alcock, 1900’ by Pretzmann (1984) from the South Andaman Islands is actually the poorly known Geosesarma thelxinoe (De Man, 1908), which is here referred to a new genus, Andamanium gen. nov. Sesarma finni Alcock, 1900 s.s. is herein assigned to Scandarma. Namlacium crepidatum (Calman, 1925), the only species in the genus, is redescribed and figured and compared with Labuanium and Scandarma. Keys to species of Circulium and Scandarma are provided.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:414B8DAA-584F-4070-A355-83B583D0D017     

Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)

Umbellula encrinus Linnaeus, 1758 and Anthoptilum grandiflorum (Verrill, 1879) are two species of deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) commonly found in the Northwest Atlantic. These sea pens are frequently caught as fishing bycatch, but little is known about their biology. Here we characterise the internal skeleton (axis) of these two morphologically contrasting species, in terms of axis carbonate composition and proportion, morphology and metrics (i.e. cross-sectional area and weight) through gradients along their lengths. Using the conspicuous growth rings present in the axis of U. encrinus we also estimated intra-colonial variation in radial growth rates for this species. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the carbonate portion of the axis is composed of magnesian calcite (Ca, Mg)CO₃ in both species. On average, the axis is composed of 71% carbonate material in U. encrinus, and 65% carbonate in A. grandiflorum. The carbonate proportion was greatly reduced from base (71%) to tip (33%) in the axis of U. encrinus, while in A. grandiflorum changes were less abrupt (~6% difference from base to tip). In U. encrinus, the axis is quadrangular in shape through its whole length, twisting longitudinally. Twisting can occur in both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions. The axis of A. grandiflorum varied from elliptical near the base to cylindrical through most of the remaining length, with no twisting observed. Axes’ cross-sectional areas also decreased with distance from the base in both species, being the largest near the base. Estimated radial growth rates in U. encrinus were variable within a single colony, ranging between 0.04 and 0.08 mm.yr^?1. This is the first study to describe changes along the axes of sea pens, and to characterise the axes in the studied species. It provides a baseline for studies considering sea pens’ skeletons (e.g. ocean acidification and palaeoceanography).     

Description of a new hypogean species of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 from eastern Spain and comments on the Trechus martinezi‐lineage (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae)

Trechus torressalai new species, a cave‐dwelling ground beetle from eastern Spain is described. Ecological data are also included. Diverse morphological characters suggest they belong in the Trechus fulvus‐group. Detailed study of the aedeagus suggests taxonomic affinities with Trechus martinezi Jeannel, Trechus alicantinus Español, and Trechus beltrani Toribio. The close relationship among these species reveals an adelphotaxon‐complex that constitutes the T. martinezi‐lineage, exclusive to the north‐eastern Betic Mountains. An identification key to the species and biogeographical comments on the T. martinezi‐lineage are also included.

Se describe Trechus torressalai nueva especie, carábido cavernícola del Este de España. Se incluyen datos sobre su ecología. Diversos caracteres morfológicos aconsejan su inclusión dentro del amplio grupo de Trechus fulvus. El estudio detallado de la genitalia masculina sugiere su proximidad taxonómica a Trechus martinezi Jeannel, Trechus alicantinus Español y Trechus beltrani Toribio. Las estrechas afinidades entre estas cuatro especies desvela un complejo de adelfotaxones que constituyen el linaje de T. martinezi, exclusivo del extremo nororiental de las montañas Béticas. Se aportan claves de identificación para estas especies. Se incluyen comentarios sobre la biogeografía del linaje de T. martinezi.     

A systematic review of the genus Uroplatus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), with comments on its biology

The gekkonid lizard genus Uroplatus is comprehensively reviewed for the first time. Six species are recognized—U. fimbriatus, U. sikorae, U. lineatus, U. ebenaui, U. alluaudi and U. guentheri—and their potential interrelationships are examined. Numerous bizzare morphological features, characteristic of the highly derived species U. fimbriatus, are found to be shared with other members of the genus, but are not universal for this taxon. Thus, while U. fimbriatus exhibits an overall morphology that has been employed in the past as justification for elevating the genus to monotypic familial status, this represents only an extreme of a continuum. U. guentheri and U. alluaudi are much less unusual in their morphological features. The potential biological roles of the more extreme features found within the genus are considered.     

The fishes of Saint Helena Island,South Atlantic Ocean. II. The pelagic fishes

The pelagic fishes of St Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean (15°58′S 5°43′W) are reviewed. A checklist of 53 taxa of pelagic fishes, with notes on fisheries significance, ecology and geographical distribution, is presented. Twelve of the taxa have not before been recorded at St Helena. Of particular interest are records of three primarily Indo-Pacific species: Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck and Schlegel), Uraspis helvola (Forster) and Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède). Apart from U. helvola, which is known also from Ascension Island, these species are not otherwise recorded in the Atlantic Ocean.

Of the 49 pelagic fishes whose identities are clear, 81·6% are wide-ranging species known from both the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions, 12·2% are pan-Atlantic warm-water species and 4·1% are eastern Atlantic species which reach their western limit in the central Atlantic. In addition, the subspecies Platybelone argalus trachura is found only at St Helena and Ascension.

The principal pelagic species caught by St Helena fisheries are Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares, T. obesus, T. alalunga, Scomber japonicus, Acanthocybium solandri and Pseudocaranx dentex, which together accounted for almost 95% of fish landings in 1982–1983 fiscal year.     

A new species of Halectinosoma (Copepoda,Harpacticoida) from the Isle of Man

Summary

A new species of Halectinosoma Lang, 1948, H. pterinum sp. nov. is described from the Isle of Man. Examination of this and some other species of the genus under high magnifications suggests that the diagnosis of the genus may have to be modified.     

The Cheilostomate Bryozoa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) collected by the Spanish 'Antartida 8611' Expedition to the Scotia Arc and South Shetland Islands

The Cheilostome Bryozoa of the ‘Antartida 8611’ Expedition, collected by the Spanish Oceanographic Institution (Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, IEO) during the Antarctic summer 1986–87 are listed. This expedition collected abundant material of benthic invertebrates at many stations in the Scotia Sea archipelagos and South Shetland Islands, of which 70 yielded Cheilostomate Bryozoa. Of 85 species found, 32 have been collected in areas where they were not previously known. Twenty of them are recorded north of their known limit of distribution and two recorded south. Most of these species are cited for the first time for the Scotia Arc, thus supporting the generally admitted homogeneity of the Antarctic fauna. The presence of Arachnopusia monoceros in the Southern Ocean is confirmed; a previously unknown variability in the colony shape of Kymella polaris is reported and the ovicell of Exochella umbonata is described. In addition, four species have been proposed as new to science, three of them, belonging to the genera Cellaria, Klugerella and Hippomonavella, described in the present work and one, Macropora georgiensis, included in a previous work. Together with the discussion of the new species of Klugerella, the specific composition of this genus is updated, with the assignation of Membraniporella aragoi (Audouin) and Membraniporella marcusi Cook to Klugerella. The examination of the inner side of the orifice and the frontal wall of three species of Hippomonavella reveals that the frontal is at least partially umbonuloid and that this genus is better accommodated in the family Bitectiporidae MacGillivray, 1895 than in Smittinidae Levinsen, 1909. Se presenta un listado de los Briozoos Queilostomados obtenidos en la campana ‘Antartida 8611’ del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia (IEO) durante el verano antartico de 1986-87. Esta expedicion recolecto un abundante material de invertebrados bentonicos en un alto numero de estaciones de los archipielagos del arco del Scotia y las islas Shetland del Sur, de las cuales 70 contenian briozoos. De las 85 especies encontradas, 32 se han recogido en areas en las que no eran conocidas previamente. De ellas, 22 aumentan hacia el norte su limite de distribucion y dos hacia el sur. Muchas de estas especies se citan por primera vez en el arco del Scotia, corroborando la generalmente admitida homogeneidad de la fauna antartica. La presencia de Arachnopusia monoceros en aguas antarticas, que habia sido puesta en duda, se confirma; se describe una variabilidad antes no conocida de la forma colonial de Kymella polaris, asi como la ovicela de Exochella umbonata, que no habia sido encontrada. Ademas, cuatro especies se han propuesto como nuevas para la Ciencia, de las que tres, pertenecientes a los generos Cellaria, Klugerella e Hippomonavella, se describen en este trabajo, y la otra, Macropora georgiensis, se ha incluido en una revision del genero publicada anteriormente. En la discusion de la nueva especie de Klugerella, se actualiza la composicion especifica de este genero, anadiendo al mismo Membraniporella aragoi (Audouin) y Membraniporella marcusi Cook. Se pone de manifiesto que la pared frontal de Hippomonavella es al menos parcialmente umbonuloide y, dadas las caracteristicas de dicha pared y del orificio, se propone que el genero Hippomonavella esta mejor situado en la familia Bitectiporidae MacGillivray, 1895 que en Smittinidae Levinsen, 1909.     

Partial revision of the genus Fabia Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)

Eight species are now assigned to Fabia Dana, 1851. The present partial revision accepts five, F. byssomiae (Say, 1818), F. concharum (Rathbun, 1893), F. emiliai (de Melo, 1971), F. subquadrata Dana, 1851 (type species) and F. tellinae Cobb, 1973, and recommends a future study to determine whether the Brazilian species F. emiliai, is a junior synonym of F. byssomiae. In addition, a new species, F. carvachoi, from the Gulf of California, México is described. The six species are diagnosed and/or described and figured.     

Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) seed-predators of Syzygium and Eugenia spp. (Myrtaceae), with description of the Alcidodes expansitarsis species group (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae: Mecysolobini)

The weevils known to develop in Syzygium and Eugenia (Myrtaceae) fruit are reviewed. These weevils belong to the genera Curculio, Alcidodes, Acythopeus, Apotomorhinus (Curculionidae: Curculioninae, Molytinae and (the last two) Baridinae respectively) and Sitophilus (Dryophthoridae) in the Old World, and Atractomerus (Curculionidae: Anthonominae) in the Neotropics; two undescribed baridine species (one in Australia and the other in the USA) are also known to feed on the fruits, and the Omophorine Teleuropus (Curculionidae: Molytinae) has been found associated with them. Particular attention is paid to species of Alcidodes from aseasonal dipterocarp-dominated forests in South-East Asia. Two Bornean species (Alcidodes janetae sp. n. and A. eugeniophilus sp. n.) are the first of their genus to be reared from the fruit of Syzygium or Eugenia. These species, plus two other (A. expansitarsis sp. n. from Assam, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos, and A. gymnasticus sp. n. from Malaysia) belong to a previously undescribed species group of Alcidodes; all four species are described and keyed.     

Macrobrachium malayanum (Roux, 1934) stat. nov. (Decapoda,Palaemonidae) as a synonym of M. geron Holthuis, 1950, with notes on its distribution

Macrobrachium pilimanus malayanus (Roux, 1934) is synonymized with M. geron Holthuis, 1950 and accorded full species status as M. Malayanum (Roux, 1934) stat. nov. A lectotype is also designated. Variation within M. malayanum and differences between this species and M. pilimanus (De Man, 1879) are discussed, and the taxonomy of the species clarified. New records of M. malayanum are presented for Sarawak and Sumatra.     

Two new bathyal species of Pseudotachidius (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the Beaufort Sea (Alaska,U.S.A.)

Summary

Two new species of harpacticoid copepods are described from the northeastern coast of Alaska, U.S.A. Pseudotachidius brevisetosus sp. nov. and Pseudotachidius bipartitus sp. nov. co-occurred at depths from 659–1144 m. Pseudotachidius brevisetosus is unique in the armature of the ♀ P₅ and the ♂ P₂ endopod. Pseudotachidius bipartitus, with a 2-segmented P₁ endoped is also unique. The setal arrangements of Pseudotachidius coronatus T. Scott and Pseudotachidius similis T. Scott are discussed. The correct setal formulae for all species and a key to the genus are given.     

A description of the song of Chorthippus cazurroi (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with notes on its taxonomic position and distribution

The highly characteristic calling and courtship songs of Chorthippus cazurroi are described for the first time and are used, together with a number of morphological characters, as a basis for discussing the differences between this species and C. pullus, C. pulloides, C. nevadensis and Omocestus llorenteae, with which it has been or might be confused. Despite the superficial resemblance between cazurroi and these species, clear and reliable characters are described for distinguishing it from all of them. The distribution of cazurroi is also discussed and it is suggested that its inclusion in the Libro Rojo de los Ortópteros Ibéricos as extinct or in danger is, as the authors of that work suspected, unduly pessimistic. A lectotype is designed from the type material of C. cazurroi.     

A revision of the genus Siamthelphusa Bott, 1968 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae), with descriptions of five new species from Thailand

The taxonomy of the northern Peninsular Malaysian and Thai freshwater crab genus Siamthelphusa Bott, 1968 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae) is revised. Nine species are recognized: S. improvisa (Lanchester, 1901), S. holthuisi Naiyanetr and Ng, 1990, S. retimanus n. sp., S. paviei (De Man, 1898), S. acutidens n. sp., S. faxoni (Rathbun, 1905), S. transversa n. sp., S. nan n. sp., and S. variegata n. sp. A neotype is designated for S. improvisa (Lanchester, 1901), the type species of the genus.     

Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) from the Ría de Ferrol (NW Spain)

Eleven species of cribrimorph Bryozoa are recorded from the Ria de Ferrol (NW Spain). One of these species is new to science (Puellina parva sp.nov.). Distansescharella seguenzai is reported for the first time outside the Mediterranean, and three species (Puellina modica, Puellina directa and Puellina bifida) are new to the Iberian coast. Study of museum specimens confirms the presence of Puellina radiata in the Atlantic Ocean.