Development of epipods and gills in some pagurids and brachyurans

Sepedon trichrooscelis is a semiaquatic, multivoltine species whose larvae feed on snails of the genus Succinea. The duration of the various developmental periods and larval biology are presented. The egg, three larval instars, and puparium of Sepedon trichrooscelis are described and illustrated. The distribution of the cuticular sensorial receptors, the shape of the hydrofuge setae on the posterior disc, and the details of the egg are illustrated by scanning electron micrographs.     

Contribution to the systematic revision of the African cyprinid fish genus Labeo: species from the Lower Zaire river system

The species of the genus Labeo from the Lower Zaire river system have been revised on the basis of 284 preserved fishes, including type material of 18 nominal species cited or described from this region. Morphometrics, meristic counts, morphological observations and radiographs have been used for this study. All results obtained are supported by statistical analyses. From the 18 nominal species reported, only 12 species are recognized as valid. Two major groups were identified: one group has rows of conical papillae on the inner surface of lips; and the other group presents rows of transverse plicae on the inner surface of lips. The first group has two species: L. lineatus and L. weeksii. One synonymy is proposed: L. lineatus (partim) = L. weeksii. In the second group, 10 species have been identified: L. longipinnis, L. degeni, L. barbatus, L. macrostoma, L. falcipinnis, L. cyclorhynchus, L. parvus, L. greenii, L. nasus and L. sorex. One unidentified taxon apparently represents a species new to science, but this must be confirmed by a wider revision of the genus which is the subject of further research. Some synonymies in this group are proposed: L. brichardi (partim) = L. barbatus; L. lineatus (partim) = L. degeni. Other synonymies already established by Reid (1985), have been confirmed: L. lividus = L. barbatus; L. brichardi (partim) = L. macrostoma; L. variegatus = L. cyclorhynchus. One synonymy has been restored: L. velifer = L. longipinnis. Finally, one synonymy remains in question: L. chariensis = L. parvus. A key to species is provided.     

Pre-ovipositional and ovipositional behaviour of Trichouropoda ovalis (C.L. Koch) and Uroobovella marginata (C.L. Koch) (Parasitiformes: Uropodina: Trematuridae,Urodinychidae) with notes on egg incubation and hatching behaviour

Egg deposition by the soil mites Trichouropoda (= Oodinychus) ovalis (C.L. Koch and Uroobovella (= Fuscuropoda) marginata (C.L. Koch), egg incubation and hatching behaviour were observed using continuous video-monitoring. The oviposition in both species was found to consist of three distinct phases. In Phase 1, both species engage in pre-ovipositional activity prior to the egg being extruded from the genital opening. Phase 1 lasted approximately 7.5 minutes in T. ovalis and about 6 minutes in U. marginata. Phase 2 involved egg deposition and lasted approximately 2.5 times longer in T. ovalis (88 seconds) than in U. marginata. Egg covering occurs in Phase 3, and in both species lasts about 25 minutes. Incubation time in U. marginata (137 hours) was approximately 30% shorter compared to that of T. ovalis, while the hatching time was 2 times longer (150 min) in the latter species.     

The Pacific Iassine cicadellid genus Thalattoscopus (Homoptera)

The Pacific Iassine genus Thalattoscopus is revised and distinguished from Batracomorphus on external and male genitalic characters. Of 21 species included, 12 are newly described and two are treated as nomina dubia. A key to species is given, four new synonymies and eight new combinations are established.     

An identification guide to Eurysternine dung beetles (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae)

An identification guide to the genus Eurysternus is presented. One new species, confusus is described from South America. The synonymies inflexus (Germar) (=planipennis Lucas), parallelus Castelnau (=femoralis Lucas), hirtellus Dalman (=cirratus Harold), calligrammus Dalman (=opacus Lucas), foedus Guérin-Méneville (=claudicans Kirsch), velutinus Bates (=hypocrita Balthasar), and caribaeus (Herbst)(=peruanus Harold) are established, and four previously established synonymies confirmed. Lectotypes are designated for the following species of Eurysternus: mexicanus Harold, plebejus Harold, angustulus Harold, velutinus Bates, hypocrita Balthasar, hamaticollis Balthasar, nebulosus Kirsch, peruanus Harold, sulcifer Balthasar, cirratus Harold, planipennis Lucas, cyanescens Balthasar, femoralis Lucas, and for Onitis deplanatus Germar.

Neotypes are designated for the following species of Eurysternus: magnus Castelnau, marmoreus Castelnau, impressicollis Castelnau, foedus Guérin-Méneville, hirtellus Dalman, opatrinus Perty, parallelus Castelnau, cayennensis Castelnau, and for Scarabaeus caribaeus Herbst.

Type-species are designated for the genera Eurysternus Dalman and Aeschrotes Saint-Fargeau & Serville.     

The most primitive Scoliidae (Hymenoptera)

Summary

The subfamily Proscoliinae Rasnitsyn, 1977, (Scoliidae) was based on a single male from Armenia. Following discovery of a second species known from both sexes, the Proscoliinae and Scoliinae are redefined as subfamilies of Scoliidae, and keyed. The new species is described and figured; biological observations are given. The relationships of Scoliidae are discussed in the light of recent work. Taxonomic observations are made on the genera Colpa Dufour, 1841 (Scoliidae; Scoliinae) and Paramyzine Berg, 1898 (= Menius Buysson, 1898) (Tiphiidae; Anthoboscinae); new generic and specific synonymies are recorded.     

A revision of the Asian and European species in the subgenus Amiota Loew (Diptera,Drosophilidae) and the establishment of species-groups based on phylogenetic analysis

A total of 53 Amiota (s. str.) species (75% of the world total) from Asia and Europe, including 10 new species, kamui, kimurai and planata from Japan, and aristata, cuii, macai, magniflava, nuerhachii, spinata and watabei from China, are reviewed with designation of two new synonymies and phylogenetic analysis. Based upon the result of cladistic analysis with 31 adult male morphological characters, the following conclusions are deduced: (1) The subgenus Amiota is monophyletic, so far as the Asian and European forms are concerned. (2) Seven monophyletic groups are recognized within this subgenus. Two of them correspond to known species-groups, the apodemata and sinuata groups, and the remaining five are established as new species-groups, the nagatai, basdeni, taurusata, alboguttata and rufescens groups. A key to all the studied species from Asia and Europe is provided.     

Larval development of Pandalus gracilis Stimpson (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) reared in the laboratory

The complete larval development of Pandalus gracilis Stimpson is described based on larvae reared in the laboratory. The species has four larval stages (stages 1–4) and one postlarval stage (stage 5). The survival rate of the postlarva stage is very high. Of the 40 larvae reared individually, 39 larvae moulted to the postlarva stage within approximately 21 days at a rearing temperature of 15°C. Larval morphological characteristics of the species are described and figured. Larval development of P. gracilis is compared with other Pandalus and Pandalopsis species. Komai (1999 Komai, T. 1999. A revision of the genus Pandalus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Pandalidae).. Journal of Natural History, 33: 1256–1372.  [Google Scholar]) divided species of Pandalus into four species groups based on adult morphology. Pandalus gracilis belongs to the P. hypsinotus group. In this study, using larval characters, the P. hypsinotus group can be divided into two groups by the appearance of the mandibular palp and the shape of the telson: the first group contains P. hypsinotus and P. danae, and the second group contains P. gracilis, P. prensor, and P. nipponensis.     

The Old World genera of braconine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

An illustrated key is provided to the Old World genera of Braconinae. In addition, notes are provided on each genus and on a number of characters employed in the key. One new tribe and five new genera based on two existing and three new species are described. The new taxa are as follows: Angustibracon gen. nov. from India (type-species: Bracon leptogaster Cameron, 1899), Bathyaulacini tribus nov. (type-genus: Bathyaulax Szépligeti, 1906), Cassidibracon gen. nov. from West Africa (type-species: Cassidibracon castus sp. nov.), Serraulax gen. nov. from the Afrotropical Region (type-species: Iphiaulax lukombensis Cameron, 1912), Virgulibracon gen. nov. from Australia (type-species: Virgulibracon vulsus sp. nov.) and Vomeribracon gen. nov. from New Guinea (type-species: Vomeribracon amplipenniger sp. nov.). The Pseudodicrogeniini Achterberg, 1976 is synonymized with the Euurobraconini Ashmead, 1900. Ten new generic synonymies are reported: Atanycolimorpha Viereck, 1913 (= Cyanopterus Haliday, 1835), Caenoprymnus Cameron, 1909 (= Soter Saussure, (1890) 1892), Coelodontus Roman, 1912 (= Trigastrotheca Cameron, 1906), Cynodobracon Cameron, 1912 (= Nedinoschiza Cameron, 1911), Iphioilta Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1928 (= Chaoilta Cameron, 1899), Kenema van Achterberg, 1983 (= Trigastrotheca Cameron, 1906), Odontopygia Enderlein, (1918) 1920 (= Trigastrotheca Cameron, 1906), Paraspinaria Cameron, 1905 (= Mesobracon Szépligeti, 1902), Pseudoglyptomorpha Tobias, 1957 (= Pseudovipio Szépligeti, 1896) and Glyptomorpha (Remorpha) Shestakov, 1932 (Pseudovipio Szépligeti, 1896).     

The African species of Zaglyptogastra (Hymenoptera) with a checklist of world species

An illustrated key is provided to the African species of the braconine wasp genus (Zaglyptogastra Ashmead. Four new species are described: Z. afenestrata sp. nov. from Ruanda, Z. levisulcata sp. nov. from Uganda, Z. tenuicauda sp. nov. from Angola, Congo and Zaire, and Z. virgulivena sp. nov. from Zaire. A replacement name, Z. caudatula nom. nov. is proposed for Calliidia caudata Szépligeti, 1914b. Six new synonymies are proposed: Zaglyptogastra basalis (Szépligeti; 1914) (= Z. equitator (Wiedemann, 1824)); Z. leucogaster (Cameron, 1909a) (= Z. nigripennis (Szépligeti, 1908)); Z. stanleyi (Cameron, 1912), Z. maxima (Szépligeti, 1914b), Z. eleganta (Shenefelt, 1978) and Z. tomentosa (Fahringer, 1931) (= Z. tincticanaliculata (Cameron, 1912)). Notes are provided on the African species and species groups. A checklist of world species is given.     

The generic affiliation of Japanese species of the subfamily Psyllinae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) with a revised checklist

The generic affiliations of all the Japanese species of the psyllid subfamily Psyllinae are re-examined under the current generic recognition of the subfamily based mainly on adult morphological characters. Twenty-two species of the genus Psylla Geoffroy are newly combined with the genus Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson. Psylla wulinensis Yang and Aphalara akebiae Shinji are newly synonymized with Psylla multipunctata Miyatake and Cacopsylla hakonensis (Kuwayama), respectively. In addition, Cacopsylla toddaliae (Yang) is newly recorded from Japan. In all, 62 species of the Japanese Psyllinae are recognized and classified into three genera Psylla, Cacopsylla and Chamaepsylla Ossiannilsson, which include 11, 50 and one species, respectively. A key to Japanese psylline genera and a revised checklist of all the Japanese species of Psyllinae are presented with their distribution and host plant information and also with their synonymies.     

Review of the Neotropical genus Physiomorphus Pic (Coleoptera: Mycteridae: Lacconotinae), with description of the larvae of three species

The Neotropical lacconotine genus Physiomorphus Pic (Coleoptera: Mycteridae) is reviewed, and redescribed. Larvae are described and illustrated for three species, based on reared specimens. Detailed information is included on biology, rearing and habitat. New synonymies presented are: Physiomorphus Pic 1917 = Batobiomorphus Pic 1920; Laccoderus melanurus Champion 1916 = Batobiomorphus laticollis Pic 1920; Physiomorphus atricolor Pic 1917 = Physiomorphus rufotinctus Pic 1921. The following new species are described: Physiomorphus rufolineatus; P. antennatus; P. angustus; P. mimeticus, and P. subcostulatus, bringing the total number of known species to eight. Comparisons are made between larvae and adults of Physiomorphus and other described lacconotines. Details are given on Brazilian localities where Physiomorphus larvae were collected.     

In search of the true Tydeus (Acari,Tydeidae)

The early history of the genus Tydeus, the type genus of the family Tydeidae, is complex and convoluted and, subsequently, even the identity of the type species of the family remains unclear. First, the literature is thoroughly analysed and morphological characters of some species are reappraised. After studying Oudemans' types, two species inquirendae, Tydeus croceus and T. cruciatus, are redescribed and a third, T. spathulatus, removed from synonymy and reinstated as a valid species. A fourth species, confused with T. spathulatus, is described. A lectotype is designated for T. spathulatus and a neotype for T. croceus. After discussion, the genus Lorryia Oudemans, is re‐established in its pristine state. As the redescribed species were designated as type species by Oudemans, the following new generic synonymies are proposed: Raphitydeus Thor, and Lorryia Oudemans, sensu Ka?mierski (, ) are junior synonyms of Brachytydeus Thor, ; Homeotydeus André, (partim) and Pseudolorryia Ka?mierski, are junior synonyms of Calotydeus Oudemans, ; Brachytydeus Thor, (partim), Calotydeus Oudemans, (partim), Tydeus Koch, sensu Oudemans, (partim), Orthotydeus André, , and Tydeus Koch, sensu Ka?mierski, are junior synonyms of Tydeus Koch, . To stabilize the usage of the names, especially that of the genus type of the family Tydeidae, the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature will be asked to set aside all previous type species designations for Tydeus and to designate Tydeus spathulatus as the type species, with Oudemans' specimens from Italy as primary type material.     

A revision of East Asian Acanthomysis (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae) and redefinition of Orientomysis,with description of a new species

Twenty species of Acanthomysis s. l., distributed in Japanese, Korean and Chinese coastal waters, are revised. These species are distinguished from Acanthomysis s. str. by the following characters: the carpopropodus of the endopod of the third to eighth thoracic limbs divided into three to eight subsegments; the exopod of the fourth male pleopod with two long subequal terminal setae; the telson long linguiform or triangular without basal dilated portion and armed with spines throughout margins. On the basis of these characters, the genus Orientomysis, which was revived by Holmquist () and comprised O. japonica and O. mitsukurii, is redefined and recognized to contain the following 18 valid species: O. aokii, O. aspera, O. crassispinosa, O. fujinagai, O. hwanhaiensis, O. koreana, O. leptura, O. meridionalis, O. okayamaensis, O. pseudomitsukurii, O. robusta, O. rotundicauda, O. sagamiensis, O. serrata, O. sheni, O. tamurai, O. tenella, and O. tenuicauda. Acanthomysis longicauda and A. nakazatoi are synonymized with O. rotundicauda and O. japonica, respectively. A new species, O. arenaria, is described from Japan.