Cd2+、Cu2+对坛紫菜生化效应研究

研究了不同浓度(0．1、0．5、1．0、10、20mg／L)和不同培养时间(12、24、48、72h)下，重金属(Cd2 和Cu^2 )对坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)核酸(RNA和DNA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响．结果表明：1)10、20mg／L Cd^2 、Cu^2 暴露，POD活性先上升(48h前)后下降(48h后)，其它浓度组POD活性均随污染时间的延长而升高．24、48、72h均出现比较良好的剂量一效应关系．2)Cd^2 和Cu^2 对RNA、DNA含量的影响基本上表现为先上升后下降的时间效应关系，同一污染物浓度越大越早出现下降．同时出现随暴露剂量的增加，RNA、DNA含量先上升后下降或全部下降的剂量一效应关系．     

3种有机磷农药对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究

以体长(5.09±0.71)cm、体重(2.09±0.66)g的黑鲷幼鱼为实验动物,采用静水停食实验法,在水温(28.8±1.6)℃条件下,开展了乙酰甲胺磷、辛硫磷、三唑磷对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性实验。结果表明,3种农药对黑鲷幼鱼均呈现以蓄积为主导的急性毒发效应,3种农药对黑鲷幼鱼的毒性大小依次为三唑磷、辛硫磷和乙酰甲胺磷,其中乙酰甲胺磷对黑鲷幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为30.11mg/L,21.83mg/L,17.30mg/L,14.07mg/L;辛硫磷对黑鲷幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为0.50mg/L,0.49mg/L,0.34mg/L,0.30mg/L;三唑磷对黑鲷幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为0.068mg/L,0.060mg/L,0.054mg/L,0.051mg/L。最后,还就黑鲷幼鱼对乙酰甲胺磷、辛硫磷、三唑磷的急性致毒效应特征、药物间的致毒效果及其安全浓度进行了评价。     

两种有机磷农药对沼水蛙蝌蚪抗氧化系统及MDA浓度的影响

研究了两种有机磷农药三唑磷和乙酰甲胺磷对沼水蛙蝌蚪超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)浓度的影响.结果表明:在不同质量浓度(0.2,0.4,1.2,2.0,2.8 mg/L)的三唑磷染毒后,蝌蚪的SOD活性开始被激活,48 h或72 h后活性逐渐达到最高值;随着染毒时间的延长,其活性则被抑制而降低;CAT活性和MDA浓度都随着三唑磷质量浓度的增加和处理时间的延长出现极显著的提高,且MDA浓度与三唑磷质量浓度呈现显著的剂量效应关系.在不同质量浓度(15.0,22.5,30.0,37.5,45.0 mg/L)的乙酰甲胺磷染毒后,蝌蚪的SOD活性在较短的时间(24 h)内出现最高值,随后降低至与对照组相当的水平;随着染毒时间的延长,CAT活性逐渐被抑制而呈减低的趋势,而MDA浓度明显呈现出由低到高的变化过程.两种农药都会不同程度改变沼水蛙蝌蚪抗氧化防御系统,造成毒害作用.     

废旧干电池污染液对泥鳅超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响

将泥鳅暴露于不同浓度的废旧干电池污染液中,于48 h、72 h测定其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,结果显示低浓度、短时间内SOD、CAT活性被诱导,随着废旧干电池污染液浓度的增大和暴露时间的延长,酶活性被抑制.因此SOD、CAT可作为生物标志物来监测水生态系统的污染.     

冷冻胁迫对狭叶四照花苗丙二醛等生理特性的影响

以-2℃为对照分别对二年生狭叶四照花苗在-8℃、-15℃进行24 h、48 h和72 h处理,测定其可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性.结果表明:在-8℃48 h处理下植株轻微冻害,在-8℃72 h、-15℃48 h、-15℃72 h处理下植株大部分或全部冻死.可溶性糖、MDA含量和POD活性在各处理下均有升高,MDA在-15℃48 h最高.狭叶四照花具有一定的抗寒能力.     

高温胁迫对条斑紫菜丝状体的生长和生理影响

在不同温度条件下培养条斑紫菜丝状体,观察丝状体生长状态并测定其叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、POD活性、丙二醛含量和可溶性糖含量随时间的动态变化情况.结果表明,在温度低于24℃条件下,条斑紫菜丝状体各生理指标与对照相比没有明显变化.24℃时,丝状体生长状态良好,POD活性在培养初期有所下降,36 h活性有所提高;在28、30℃条件下,培养超过12 h后,叶绿素含量明显下降,丝状体变成棕红色,培养后期细胞内容物外溢,出现死亡.可溶性蛋白、丙二醛、可溶性糖含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势.POD活性低于对照组.该研究结果为进一步揭示紫菜抗高温分子机制和培育抗高温紫菜新品种提供了一定参考.     

硫化物胁迫对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参的急性毒性效应及抗氧化防御系统的影响

以刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参为研究对象,探究了硫化物对刺参的急性毒性效应,试验结果表明硫化物对刺参幼参的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为4.397、3.769、3.001、2.678 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为0.2678 mg/L.研究了在0 (对照组)、0.8(低浓度)、1.6 mg/L(高浓度)硫化物浓度下,暴露24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h时刺参肠道中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和总谷胱甘肽(GSH+GSSG)含量的变化.结果显示:在硫化物暴露下,低浓度硫化物处理组刺参幼参T-AOC始终略高于对照组.而高浓度硫化物处理组在24 h时显著高于对照组,随后随时间不断下降,至96 h,显著低于对照组(P 0.05).SOD和CAT活性均在硫化物暴露72 h内不断升高,至72 h,高、低浓度硫化物处理组均显著高于对照组(P 0.05),72 h后变化不大.硫化物处理下高、低浓度组GSSG+GSH含量始终高于对照组(P0.05).研究结果为探索硫化物胁迫下刺参抗氧化防御机制提供基础参考.     

大豆幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性的耐酸、铝研究

以大豆(029-289,浙春2号)为实验材料,在水培条件下,用不同量的酸、铝(T1:0 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 3;T2:0 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 4;T3:0 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 5;T4:0.5 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 5;T5:1 mmol·L-1Al+pH 5;T6:1 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 3)处理24,,61,2和24 h后,测定大豆幼苗根系的可溶性蛋白质含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性.结果显示:随着酸、铝处理时间的增加,大豆根系的可溶性蛋白质含量及SOD,POD和CAT的活性均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,在酸、铝处理6 h时达到最大值,24 h时达到最小值.在无铝影响下,随着pH的升高,可溶性蛋白质含量及SOD,POD和CAT的活性先升高后降低,在T2处理下达到最大值.在pH 5条件下,随着铝浓度的增加,SOD活性先增大后减小,在T4处理下出现最大值;POD和CAT的活性随铝浓度的增加逐渐增大.在T6处理下,大豆根系SOD,POD和CAT的活性达到各酸、铝处理的最小值,说明该处理对大豆根系的伤害最大.     

苯并(a)芘对蚯蚓细胞色素P450和抗氧化酶影响

研究了苯并(a)芘(BaP)低剂量污染胁迫下对蚯蚓(Eiseniarfetida)体内细胞色素P450酶系和抗氧化酶系的影响.通过滤纸接触染毒法,按指数递增设计暴露质量浓度为10-6到10-2mg·mL-1,染毒时间48h,检测指标分别为蚯蚓细胞色素P450含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.结果表明,在供试质量浓度范围内,蚯蚓体内P450含量和SOD活性与苯并(a)芘污染胁迫存在明显的响应关系,POD活性在BaP的最大暴露质量浓度下(10-2mg·mL-1)被显著诱导,而CAT活性对BaP暴露无明显的指示作用.这表明,BaP的代谢过程诱发了蚯蚓体内P450含量的增加,同时又抑制了SOD酶活性,从而使生物体对活性氧自由基的防御能力下降而更易受到毒害,这可能是BaP对生物体毒性作用的机制之一.     

废旧干电池污染液对泥鳅谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活性的影响

将泥鳅暴露于不同浓度的废旧干电池污染液中,于48小时、72小时测定其谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)的活性,发现低浓度、短时间内GSTs活性被诱导,随着废旧干电池污染液浓度的增大和暴露时间的延长,GSTs活性被抑制。这些结果表明,GSTs可作为生物标志物来监测水生态系统的污染。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that