Activitéin vivo de dérivés de la thiourée contre le virus de l'influenza

Summary A large number of sulphur-containing compounds bearing the thiourea group -NH-CS-NH-, including substituted thiocarbanilides, 1-acyl-4-arylthiosemicar-bazides, 1-(arylaminothioformyl)-thiosemicarbazides, 4-aryl-1-(arylaminothioformyl)- thiosemicarbazides, and other related substances have been tested for potential antiviral activity. Several of these compounds have been found chemotherapeutically active against influenza virus.

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Communication présentée au Congrès international de Chimie pure et appliquée de Zürich (Juillet 1955).     

Effet de l'hypothermie modérée sur le comportement maternel de la rate

Summary The maternal behaviour in the female white rat was ascertained by the method of spontaneous reactions to several stimuli.The observed rats were divided into two groups, and each of them was refrigerated once a day, by the method of detension, from the fourth to the seventh day after parturition, the body temperature attained being, on an average, 30°C. Females of the first group were refrigerated in recipients of the capacity of 2 1, and females of the second group in recipients of the capacity of 5 1.Disturbances of maternal behaviour were much more pronounced in the females refrigerated in recipients of the greater capacity than of those refrigerated in smaller recipients.     

Dégénérescence rétinienne expérimentale provoquée par le fluorure de sodium

Zusammenfassung Die Einspritzung von NaFl beim Kaninchen verursacht Netzhautveränderungen, welche derRetinitis pigmentosa ähnlich (Fundus, ERG, Histologie), aber auf einen Bezirk beschränkt sind.     

Réaction immunoallergique provoquée chez le rat par l'injection d'extraits chauffés de la tumeur de Walker

Summary When repeatly injected to Fisher Inbred rats, boiled Walker tumour extracts induced non specific and specific reactions; non specific reactions being catabolism, thymus involution, adrenal hypertrophy and perturbation of serum proteins relative distribution. The specific reactions attributable to the presence of the specific tumoral antigen in the tumour extracts are immunoallergic arthritis, liver and spleen hypertrophy, acceleration of serum albumin electrophoretic migratory rate and the apparition of the specific antigen in the liver.

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Travail subventionné par l'Institut du Cancer du Canada.     

Structure moléculaire et activité tuberculostatique dans le groupe des dérivés de la thiourée

Summary A large number of N,N-diarylthioureas and N-aryl-N-pyridylthioureas have been tested forin vitro tuberculostatic activity, and several of them have been found highly active. A series of 1-acyl-4-arylthiosemicarbazides have likewise been investigated, and most of them found to be active at a concentration of 10^–4; this is considered the basic activity corresponding to the molecular grouping -CO-NH-NH-CS-NH-.     

Etude immuno-électrophorétique de l'uromucoïde

Summary Concentrated normal urines were investigated by an immuno-electrophoretic technique using specific antiserum directed against uromucoid (=Tamm andHorsfall's urinary mucoprotein).A single precipitation line was observed, which, however, presented two distinct maxima. The faster antigen appeared to be situated between albumin and ₁-globulin, while the slower antigen seemed to be ana ₂-globulin. Both antigens were immunologically identical with uromucoid, although the latter had been eliminated by salt precipitation from the urines used in this experiment.The above findings can best be explained by assuming the occurrence of a polymer series of uromucoid, of which the lower members would be soluble in 0.58M NaCl, while the higher terms would representTamm andHorsfall's mucoproteinsensu stricto. It is suggested that cylindroids and nubecula represent visible forms of uromucoid.     

Technique d'inclusion et d'ultramicrotomie,destinée à l'étude du développement des organelles dans une cellule isolée

Summary (1) Control of cell orientation and knowledge of the plane of sectioning are indispensable (but generally ignored) requirements for studies of the development of cellular constituents. (2) A simple technique that meets these requirements for the electron microscope is given. (3) As applied toParamecium, it is shown that the ciliary complexes of the new gullet develop outside of the old one, and that invagination begins at the anterior end of the gullet anlage.

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Travail effectué dans le cadre d'une recherche faite en collaboration avec les Instituts d'Histologie et de Biophysique, grâce à une subvention de «Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche-Stiftung zur Förderung wissenschaftlicher Arbeitsgemeinschaften in der Schweiz».     

Inhibition de la cancérogenèse spontanée chez les souris R III et AkR par des implants de tissus cancéreux modifiés

Summary (1) After a 24-h passage in a rabbit, fragments of spontaneous isologous mammary carcinoma were implanted under the skin of young R III females. This procedure was found to prevent the appearance of spontaneous mammary tumours in a high percentage of these animals. The subsequent appearance of carcinoma was to be observed in only 23% of treated animals as compared with 51% in controls.(2) After a 24-h passage in a rabbit, fragments of leukotic isologous tissue, implanted subcutaneously in young AkR females, reduced subsequent spontaneous leukomogenesis from 85 to 38%.     

Action d'une dose unique de rayons X,administrée en irradiation totale ou locale,sur les acides nucléiques de la moelle osseuse chez le rat blanc

Summary The biochemical effects on bone marrow of a same dose of X rays (700 r) induced by a total body irradiation or a local irradiation are compared. The ribonucleic acid and the desoxyribonucleic acid of bone marrow show a fall during days 2 to 14 after irradiation, followed by complete recovery on day 21. A significant difference is noted during this period between animals exposed to a total or local irradiation system. The changes consecutive to X rays induced by a total irradiation are prominenter and remain longer than in local irradiation. The direct effect of X rays is probably associated with secondary injury of physiological connexions or other substances affected in total body irradiation.

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Travail effectué avec le concours matériel de l'Institut National d'Hygiène.     

Essais d'inhibition de l'action inflammatoire cutanée du chloroforme chez le rat

Summary (1)—In the rat, total extracts of cortex, cortisone and A.C.T.H. do not retard the fixation of a vital colorant at the level of a cutaneous zone irritated by chloroform.(2)—Phenergan prolongs the delay in the appearance of the blue.(3)—Sodium salicylate selectively inhibits the inflammatory cutaneous action of chloroform, even after adrenalectomy.     

Influence de laβ-mercaptoéthylamine sur la réponse de l'intestin grêle du rat à une irradiation rœntgénienne localisée

Summary Intra-peritoneal injections of 15 mg of B-mercaptoethylamine in rats, with an average weight of 200 g, protect the small intestine against a local irradiation of 500 r on the antero-upper portion of the abdomen.This protection is proved mainly, as compared with the control, by a smaller decrease of cells still in mitosis after 12 and 24 hours and of the migrant cells in resting stage, by a greater precocity and higher quantitative value of the post-radiation normal and subnormal mitotic processes, and by variations in the mitotic formula (namely, in protected animals, a relatively high increase in the amount of metaphases).These experiments seem to prove a certain local and immediate action of the radio-protector, whose effects are not solely limited to the preparation of the generating system of the intestine for the later complete repair of the digestive epithelium.

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(Travail du Centre anticancéreux de l'Université de Liège et du Centre national belge pour l'étude de la croissance normale et pathologique).     

La morphine et le phénobarbital modifient-ils le taux de l'alcoolémie provoquée chez le cobaye?

Summary Neither morphine nor phenobarbital affect the degree of induced alcoholemia in the guinea-pig. The hypnotic effect of these two substances is increased by ethanol, this increase may be due to potentiation or to an increase of sensitivity in the central nervous system⁸.     

De la réaction mitotique de l'épiderme de la tétine de cobaye à la suite d'applications répétées de diverses substances

Summary (1) The majority of substances tested produced a weaker mitotic reaction of the epidermis of the guinea pig nipple after 3 applications (24 h intervals) of the same substance than after a single application.(2) This decrease in the ability of the epidermic cells to be divided has to be attributed, it seems, to a habit-forming processus and not to an exhaustion of the cells; indeed after two applications of geraniol, the application of a substance of different nature, Hormoestrol, produced in the nipple epidermis a mitotic flare up as intense as that obtained in the epidermis of a nipple not previously treated.(3) Aldehyde C₉ alone, among the substances tested, does not produce a decrease of epidermic mitoses after three applications but induces cellular alterations.     

Obtention de lignées cellulaires en culture de tissus d'invertébrés

Zusammenfassung In Gewebekulturen vonBombyx mori -Gonade und und vonHelix aspersa-Bindegewebe abimpfbare Fibroblasten-Zellenstämme wurden erhalten. Die Zusammensetzung der Nährflüssigkeiten ist gegeben, und es wird auf Schwierigkeiten in der Gewebekultur Wirbelloser hingewiesen.     

Spécificité de l'action antiphage de substances synthétiques

Summary The effect of synthetic antiphages has been studied against different types of bacteriophage in the same bacterium, in this caseEscherichia coli. Most substances are active only against typesT ₁, 3, 5, 7 (and our type 207) but not against types 2, 4, 6. Others show activity only against type 1 (and our type 207). The antiphage activity of a substance therefore seems to depend upon a specific relationship between its chemical structure and that of the phage type against which it is active.     

Avantages et inconvénients de la fixation par perfusion du tissu nerveux à la lumière d'une donnée de cytochimie

Summary It has been extensively demonstrated that perfusion is the best fixation procedure for providing good morphological evidence ofstructures, especially in the case of nervous tissue. But it might be questioned if it should also be preferred whencytochemical data have to be obtained or compared.As a preliminary attempt to answer this question, lipoproteic inclusions in nerve cells of vegetative ganglia of adult cat have been considered. These occur in about 25% of cells after immersion in fixative, whereas if perfusion is used, a relation appears between the amount of saline perfused before the fixative fluid and the percentage of cells containing inclusions: this falls to 10% after 300 ml saline, to 1% after 800 ml. In conclusion, though structural artefacts have been avoided and fixation appears excellent, perfusion is significantly responsible for a definite cytochemical alteration.     

Hydrolyse enzymatique de la propionylcholine,de l'acétylthiocholine et de la butyrylthiocholine par le rectus de grenouille

Summary The enzymatic hydrolysis of propionylcholine (PrCh), acetylthiocholine (AcThCh), and butyrylthiocholine (BuThCh), by extracts of the muscle rectus abdominis, was determined. Inhibition of this hydrolysis by D.F.P. and 3318 CT [bis(pipéridinométhylcoumaranyl- 5)cétone diméthiodide] — utilized over a range of concentrations covering both specific and non-specific concentrations—showed that PrCh is hydrolyzed by an acetylcholinesterase (70%) and an Xcholinesterase (30%), AcThCh by the AcChE (70%), the XChE (15%) and a thioesterase (15%) and BuThCh by the XChE (70%) and a thioesterase (30%).     

Végétativisation de l'œuf de l'oursin par la Phénazone

Summary Phenazone employed in various concentrations on the eggs of the sea urchin,Paracentrotus lividus, has a powerful vegetalizing effect on their development. The role of the interference between phenazone and synthetic process of specific proteins is considered.