Recalescence behavior and solidification structure of the undercooled Fe82B17Si1 eutectic alloy

By cyclic superheating incorporated with glass fluxing denucleation method the Fes2Bl7Si1 eutectic al-loy was undercooled up to △ T = 342 K. The relations between recalescence behavior and solidification structures weresystematically studied in the undercooling range of 6-342 K. Two critical undercoolings were observed: mixed eutecticwas the unique growth morphology when the undercooling was less than △T1 = 63 K; but the microstructure transformedto complete undercooled anomalous eutectic when the undercooling was greater than △T2 = 164 K. The two eutecticphases α(Fe,Si) and Fe2B conformed to the non-reciprocal nucleation effect. The boundary of the coupled zone of α(Fe, Si)-Fe2 B system shifted toward the Fe2 B side, and intersected the eutectic composition line at △ T = 154 K and△x T= 264 K, whose valley was at about △ T = 207 K.     

Schrdinger方程一族高精度恒稳差分格式

Schrodinger方程 u t=i 2 u x2,可构造一族含双参数的三层高精度隐式差分格式 当参数α =1/ 2,β =0时得到一个双层格式 证明该格式对任意非负参数α≥ 0,β≥ 0都是绝对稳定的,并且其截断误差阶为O(Δt2 +Δx4) 数值例子表明,文中所建立的差分格式是有效的,理论分析与实际计算相吻合     

甘南高寒草甸物种多样性与生产力的关系

利用甘南高寒草甸植物群落丰富度、多样性、生产力的抽样调查资料,分析了不同空间范围内物种多样性与生产力的关系,探讨了其形成机制.结果显示:丰富度、Shannon-Wiener α多样性指数、Simpson α多样性指数与生产力之问的关系在合作分站和玛曲分站均呈显著正相关,在玛曲县欧拉乡为不相关;Pielou α均匀度指数与生产力的关系在玛曲分站呈显著正相关,在合作分站和玛曲县欧拉乡均为不相关;Whittakerβ多样性指数与生产力的关系在合作分站和玛曲分站均呈负相关,在玛曲县欧拉乡为不相关.综合三个地区的数据分析表明:随着空间范围的扩大,丰富度、三种α多样性指数与生产力趋向于正相关关系,Whittakerβ多样性指数与生产力趋向于负相关关系.如果要改善甘南高寒草甸草场质量、提高草场生产力,那么不仅要保护物种多样性,还要提高物种空间分布的均匀性、减少环境异质性.     

Rapid solidification of undercooled Al-Cu-Si eutectic alloys

Under the conventional solidification condition, a liquid aluminium alloy can be hardly undercooled because of oxidation. In this work, rapid solidification of an undercooled liquid Al_80.4Cu_13.6Si₆ ternary eutectic alloy was realized by the glass fluxing method combined with recycled superheating. The relationship between superheating and undercooling was investigated at a certain cooling rate of the alloy melt. The maximum undercooling is 147 K (0.18T _E). The undercooled ternary eutectic is composed of α(Al) solid solution, (Si) semiconductor and θ(CuAl₂) intermetallic compound. In the (Al+Si+θ) ternary eutectic, (Si) faceted phase grows independently, while (Al) and θ non-faceted phases grow cooperatively in the lamellar mode. When undercooling is small, only (Al) solid solution forms as the leading phase. Once undercooling exceeds 73 K, (Si) phase nucleates firstly and grows as the primary phase. The alloy microstructure consists of primary (Al) dendrite, (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectic and (Al+Si+θ) ternary eutectic at small undercooling, while at large undercooling primary (Si) block, (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectic and (Al+Si+θ) ternary eutectic coexist. As undercooling increases, the volume fraction of primary (Al) dendrite decreases and that of primary (Si) block increases. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50121101, 50395105) and the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (Grant No. CX200419)     

Rapid dendritic growth of Al-Ge hypoeutectic alloy in a drop tube

Abstract Dendritic growth in Al-45% Ge hypoeutectic alloy has been investigated during free fall in a 3 m drop tube. Calculationsindicate that the undercooling obtained for the falling Al-45% Ge droplets ranges from 13 K to 201 K. The maximum undercooling attains0. 27 T_L. With the increase of undercooling, the primary (Al) phase undergoes a "columnar dendrite to equiaxed dendrite" structural tran-sition. According to the current rapid dendritic growth theory, the growth of primary (Al) phase is always controlled by solute diffusion.     

低钛铝合金晶粒细化的凝固计算

基于单个晶粒生长所形成的成分过冷为邻近的形核颗粒提供形核所需成分过冷的假设，提出晶粒细化的相关晶粒尺寸(RGS)判据。0．03％TiB2细化不同含钛量的铝合金的试验数据拟和出的形核过冷度与试验测量结果较一致。分析发现成分过冷区初期其形成的速率正比于抑制生长因子Q，成分过冷参数P可作为柱状晶向等轴晶转变的判据。对于使用强形核颗粒合金的晶粒尺寸可用直接使用抑制生长因子Q来衡量，而弱形核颗粒使用RGS可能更准确一些。     

Rapid growth of primary dendrite in highly undercooled copper-antimany alloy

The droplets of Cu-11wt.%Sb hypoeutectic alloy have been rapidly solidified during containerless processing in a 3 m drop tube. The undercooling and cooling rates are estimated, and both play a dominant role in the dendritic growth of primary Cu phase. Undercoolings up to 200 K (0.16TL, where TL is the liquidus temperature) have been obtained in the experiment. With the increase of undercooling, the microstructural evolution of primary Cu phase proceeds from remelted dendrites to the equiaxed grains. A coarse dendritic grain microstructure can form in the undercooling range of 61～102 K and at cooling rates of 1.35×102～2.66×103 K/s. The segregationless solidification of Cu-11wt.%Sb hypoeutectic alloy occurs when undercooling is more than 176 K. The growth of primary Cu phase is mainly controlled by solute diffusion.     

深过冷Cu-Ni-Fe三元合金自定向快速凝固

利用熔融玻璃净化结合循环过热,在２５～３０４Ｋ过冷度范围,分析了Ｃｕ－３９％Ｎｉ－６％Ｆｅ（ｗｔ％）三元合金凝固过程过冷组织的演化规律。确定了负温度梯度下实现自定向凝固的过冷度条件：下限为能够抑制快速凝固过程中形成的枝晶熟化的最低过冷度,上限为快速凝固过程中枝晶不发生准球状化转变的最高过冷度;就研究的合金而言,过冷度范围为１１０～１８０Ｋ。在定向凝固的过冷度范围内,无需人为控制固液界面前沿的温度梯度,而且,以点触发试样端部,可以获得单晶     

树的费用全染色的近似算法

给定无向简单图G=(V,E)与颜色集C，并且对C中的每一种颜色c设定一个费用值w(c)∈R⁺.全染色是给出图的一个可行染色使得相关联的边和点、相邻的点或边都染不同的颜色.定义了费用全染色问题，即求解最优的全染色f，使得染色费用和最小，对于树图T，给出了一个2-近似算法，该算法的运行时间为O(nΔ²).     

DSC study on the undercooling of droplet solidification of metal melt

In this paper, the influence of cooling rate on the undercooling of droplet solidification of metal melt has been investigated by employing the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The effect of cooling rate on the undercooling as well as its change tendency is analyzed theoretically. It is shown that the undercooling degree increases whereas the change rate of undercooling decreases with increasing cooling rate. Moreover, the change tendency approaches zero when the cooling rate exceedingly increased, indicating that an extremum of undercooling exists with increasing cooling rate.     

钢液非均质形核触媒效用的点阵错配度理论

对钢液凝固温度下各种化合物基底与钢液凝固形核相(δ-Fe和γ-Fe)的二维错配度进行了计算,并对点阵错配度与钢液非均质形核触媒效用的关系进行了分析和讨论.结果表明:基底与形核相的错配度δ越小,越有利于非均质形核.凝固过冷度的对数与基底和形核相的二维错配度近似呈线性关系.基底与形核相的错配度δ<8%,非均质形核效用显著.     

不同eα计算方法对Penman-Monteith公式的影响

实际水汽压eα是Penman—Monteith公式中计算参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的重要过程参数．为了研究在湿度缺测条件下，露点温度法替代相对湿度法计算eα在我国长江三角洲地区的适用性，选用江苏南通2000-2004年的旬气象资料，采用FAO推荐的相对湿度法和露点温度法两种方法计算了实际水汽压ea和旬参考作物蒸发蒸腾量E710，分析了这两种方法计算结果的误差及其与影响因素间的关系．结果表明：这两种方法计算结果间误差较小，有98％以上的计算结果其误差小于20％；实际水汽压间的误差差异与最高最低温差相关关系最强，旬参考作物蒸发蒸腾量间的误差差异与最低温度的相关性最强；在湿度缺测条件下，可以采用露点温度法替代相对湿度法计算eα并进一步计算ET0．     

金属熔体本征过冷度与熔化熵的耦合关系

利用气动悬浮和熔融玻璃净化法对液态纯铁的过冷能力进行研究, 分别获得了340 和281K 的最大过冷度, 表明在气动悬浮无容器凝固条件下液态纯铁的形核更接近于均质形核.根据经典形核理论和Spaepen 界面能公式, 建立了金属熔体本征过冷度(即均质形核对应的过冷度)与熔化熵之间的耦合关系方程. 并根据该方程预测了一系列金属熔体的本征过冷度, 对比结果表明预测值与实验值具有较好的一致性.     

电阻应变片贴装方位偏差对测量结果的影响

认为电阻应变片可以测量构件受的力、力矩、压力等物理量 ,贴装方位不准确是造成应变测量误差的主要原因 ,分析讨论了电阻应变片在一维、二维应力状态下贴装方位偏差所造成的测量误差及其变化规律 :一维情况下 ,相对误差γ不仅与角偏差△α有关 ,而且还与主应变方向的夹角α和所测件泊松比μ有关 .特别的 ,在α =0 ,△α <5°时 ,γ <1 % (μ =0 .2 85 ) ;α≠ 0时 ,随着α的增大 ,△α对所测γ的影响就越大 .二维 ,电阻应变片贴装方位偏差△α造成测量误差γ与两主应变之比ρ及α角有关 ,当ρ一定时 ,α角越大 ,偏差角△α对测量的影响就越显著 .最后 ,设计了实验 ,对一维应力状态下的分析结果进行了验证 .为实际测量工作及传感器设计、制造提供了参考依据     

不同e_a计算方法对Penman-Monteith公式的影响

实际水汽压ea是Penman-Monteith公式中计算参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的重要过程参数.为了研究在湿度缺测条件下,露点温度法替代相对湿度法计算ea在我国长江三角洲地区的适用性,选用江苏南通2000~2004年的旬气象资料,采用FAO推荐的相对湿度法和露点温度法两种方法计算了实际水汽压ea和旬参考作物蒸发蒸腾量ET0,分析了这两种方法计算结果的误差及其与影响因素间的关系.结果表明:这两种方法计算结果间误差较小,有98%以上的计算结果其误差小于20%;实际水汽压间的误差差异与最高最低温差相关关系最强,旬参考作物蒸发蒸腾量间的误差差异与最低温度的相关性最强;在湿度缺测条件下,可以采用露点温度法替代相对湿度法计算ea并进一步计算ET0.     

Density and structure of undercooled liquid titanium

For liquid Ti, it is difficult to achieve high undercooling because of its chemical reactivity; as a result, there is little information available on its properties and structure in the undercooled state. In this study, we investigate the density and structure, using molecular dynamics method, for the undercooling and superheating ranges 0-743 K and 0-457 K. The density increases quadratically for undercooling. At the melting temperature, the density is 4.14 g/cm3, and first and second temperature coefficients are obtained. The pair correlation functions and coordination numbers indicate that the short range degree of order becomes increasingly significant with increasing undercooling.     

葡萄糖醛酸内酯结晶过程研究

采用静态平衡法测定葡萄糖醛酸内酯在水中4～50℃下的溶解度;采用激光光强分析法,测定在不同降温速率下葡萄糖醛酸内酯在水溶液中的介稳区,降温速率为15,℃/h时,过冷度约为10,℃;降温速率为5,℃/h时,过冷度约为5,℃.在不同温度下,葡萄糖醛酸内酯溶解度及其温度敏感性存在差异,葡萄糖醛酸内酯的介稳区宽度随着降温速率的改变而不同,降温越快,介稳区越宽.采用MSMPR稳态法建立了葡萄糖醛酸内酯在水中的结晶动力学模型:成核速率B0=2.53exp(?2.8 1×10 4/RT)S 0.9 9M T1.45,R=0.92;生长速率G=2.80×10?7 exp(?2.96/RT)S1.42,R=0.93.     

肿瘤坏死因子α基因-238G＞A及-857C＞T多态性与河南汉族群体原发性高血压

目的:探讨肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)基因-238G＞A及-857C＞T多态性与河南汉族原发性高血压(EH)的相关性.方法:ELISA法检测260例高血压患者和394例健康对照者血浆TNF-α水平,采用限制性扩增片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)的方法检测TNF-α基因-238G＞A及-857C＞T多态性.结果:与正常...     

Non-catalytic nucleation coating for undercooled Cu50Ni50 melt

A non-catalytic nucleation coating (B-F3) was prepared by the high temperature curing process of the sol-gel glass film based on the viscous flow mechanism of the coating. X-ray diffraction technology was adopted to study the crystallization behavior of the coating as a function of treating temperature. It was evident that no crystallization phenomenon happened on the coating which kept stable after the heat treatment of 60 min at 1773 K. The purified melt of Cu₅₀Ni₅₀ was selected to evaluate the effectiveness of undercooling heredity of the coating in the undercooling experiments. The maximum undercooling of the melt solidified in the coated mold could reach 236 K. Based on the solidified microstructural evolution at different undercoolings, a single crystal of the alloy Cu₅₀Ni₅₀ was achieved with no aid of the selection process of the crystal in the mold with the B-F3 coating by means of undercooling technology.     

零维液态金属快速凝固过程的热力学和动力学

分析了零维液态金属快速凝固过程中的热流规律,计算了零维数滴在真空条件下的冷却速度,并建立了零维液滴单晶形核的过冷度方程,结果表明,零维液滴的凝固过程由形核前所达到的过冷和系统向环境 散热共同控制,零维液滴在真空条件下的冷却速度在１０＾５～１０＾８Ｋ／ｓ之间。