贝壳珍珠层动态的文石板片厚度及其新结构模型

利用扫描电镜对大珠母贝、合浦珠母贝及三角帆蚌壳中区珍珠层自然断面微结构进行了系统的研究,首次发现贝壳珍珠层纵向文石板片厚度在不同部位具有明显的差异,大珠母贝、合浦珠母贝及三角帆蚌珍珠层从内层面到外层面文石板片最大厚度差分别达到462、246、26nm;并根据SEM观察结果初步建立了一种新的连续可变厚度型珍珠层结构模型,这对生物矿物学、物理光学及仿生材料学方面的相关研究具有重要指导意义.     

金黄色海水珍珠的无损检测

对金黄色海水珍珠(简称金珠)和颜色经过加工处理的金色珍珠(改色金珠)进行了检测和分析.放大观察下,金珠的表面光滑,颜色分布均匀,改色金珠表面损伤严重,纹理明显,局部有颜色富集.拉曼光谱中,金珠在275 cm-1有很明显的拉曼位移,改色金珠的谱线荧光背景明显高于金珠,275 cm-1处的拉曼位移基本被荧光谱线覆盖.紫外可见吸收光谱中,金珠在284、357 nm处有明显的紫外吸收,改色金珠在近紫外区没有特征吸收.根据放大检测、拉曼光谱以及紫外可见光谱的区别,可快速、无损、有效地鉴定区分金珠和改色金珠.     

褶纹冠蚌贝壳结构特征及其珍珠层呈色机制研究

采用反射光谱仪和扫描电镜(SEM)对淡水褶纹冠蚌贝壳壳层微结构及珍珠层彩虹色成因进行较系统研究,对珍珠层构色机制进行了理论模拟。结果表明:贝壳棱柱层为棒柱结构,且与珍珠层呈近垂直交接;同一贝壳的珍珠层,生长端存在明显的彩虹色,且反射波长位于蓝绿波段,而成熟端无明显颜色和反射波长;构成珍珠层成熟和生长端文石板片厚度存在明显差异,且两者厚度分别约为1 483 nm和426 nm;珍珠层中文石板片与蛋白质周期排列构成一光子带隙结构,该结构与蛋白质色素的共同作用是其颜色产生的直接原因。     

翡翠贻贝贝壳的微结构研究

双壳纲贝壳是一种天然的有机一无机复合材料,具有优异的力学性能.为了解翡翠贻贝贝壳的矿物组成和微结构,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对贝壳进行分析,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)对其生长区和成熟区珍珠层微结构进行观察.结果表明,该贝壳珍珠层、棱柱层及其过渡区域均由文石组成;首次发现该贝壳珍珠层由帽状和平板状文石板片构成,其弯曲度和...     

马氏珠母贝天然珍珠的结构分析

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对30颗直径约为2 mm的马氏珠母贝天然海水珍珠进行了显微结构和超微结构的观察,结果表明:在马氏珠母贝天然珍珠的中心区域无不定型基质,也无棱柱层,其完全是由文石单晶层构成;珍珠的珍珠层内部结构与人工养殖珍珠相似,珍珠层存在断层现象;靠近珍珠表面的文石晶片层厚度为(0.24±0.03)μm,呈"砌墙式"排列,排列非常整齐、均匀致密,并与珍珠表面平行;珍珠内部的文石晶片层的厚度为(0.28±0.03)μm;珍珠表面的晶层融合状态良好,单晶体的顶面观呈近正六边形,彼此间结合紧密且光滑.     

浙江雷甸淡水珍珠矿物成分特征

研究了矿物成分的差异对淡水珍珠质量的影响．采用光学显微镜观察珍珠显微特征;采用粉晶Ｘ射线衍射仪测物相组成;用红外显微镜微区分析观察了珍珠物相组成的空间分布特征．结果发现,淡水珍珠物相组成与海水珍珠不同;并首次在淡水无光珠中发现了球文石．优质珍珠由单一的文石组成,未观察到方解石或球文石;无光珠有通体无光与部分无光２种,其中球文石与文石的含量随无光珠的种类不同而发现变化．自然界珍珠中球文石粉晶衍射强线Ｄ值由强至弱排列为３．２６６,２．７２３,３．５５３,１．８１１,２．０５７．球文石的含量、矿物颗粒的大小、排列方式、空间分布位置以及珍珠层的杂质含量是影响珍珠品质（颜色、透明度、光泽）的主要因素．     

河蚌壳的微结构及红外光谱分析

对河蚌壳珍珠层进行TEM观察,发现有机质中矿物桥的存在,在珍珠层片层中还初次发现了大量层错,其呈随机分布.对珍珠层及棱柱层进行红外光谱分析,结果表明:棱柱层二重简并的反对称伸缩振动ν3的频率与天然无机文石相比存在蓝移,蓝移值为9.29 cm-1,珍珠层文石不存在蓝移现象;珍珠层与棱柱层的面外弯曲振动ν2的频率与天然无机文石相比都存在明显的蓝移现象,蓝移值分别为6.83 cm-1和2.9cm-1.     

金黄色珍珠的光谱学特征

分别选取典型的天然金黄色珍珠与金黄色染色珍珠样品,在透射光下对比观察两种珍珠的表面特征,并采用激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外一可见一近红外分光光度计和荧光光谱仪对它们进行了测试分析.结果表明:金黄色染色珍珠的染色痕迹明显,有团块状、片状瑕疵;金黄色珍珠样品的拉曼光谱谱线稳定,具有典型的文石特征峰,而金黄色染色珍珠样品的拉曼光谱谱...     

差热分析方法在鉴别珍珠粉与珍珠层粉中的应用

采用差热分析法(DTA)对28批珍珠粉与珍珠层粉进行热谱扫描分析,为珍珠粉与珍珠层粉的快速鉴别提供方法。结果显示珍珠粉与珍珠层粉的DTA图谱存在明显差异,可将淡水珍珠(层)粉与海水珍珠(层)粉鉴别开,也可作为淡水珍珠粉与淡水珍珠层粉的鉴别依据。根据珍珠粉与珍珠层粉差热图谱的差异,差热分析方法可以用于珍珠粉和珍珠层粉的快速区分和鉴别。     

珍珠珠层厚度测量方法探讨与实践

国家为养殖珍珠的生产、贸易、质量评价等活动制定了《珍珠分级》国家标准,其上标明的珠层厚度测量方法在实际操作中可能会出现有损作业。本文阐述了在珍珠厚度检测方面,旨在为珍珠分级提供行之有效的数据特征。     

贝壳中文石晶体择优取向的XRD分析

贝壳珍珠层独特的结构是其优异力学性能的重要原因.采用X射线衍射法(XRD)对贝壳珍珠层及柱状晶的晶体结构及择优取向进行了详细的探讨.结果表明:珍珠层中文石晶体在沿珍珠层面上存在两种定向排列,即(002)和(012),具有择优取向性,柱状晶层结构的无序性比珍珠层大.     

The relationship between nacreous layer color and CaCO3 crystal orientation

The pearl or nacreous layer of mollusk shell is composed of CaCO₃ aragonite crystals. The factors affecting their color are very complex, such as metal elements, chromoprotein, and nucleation materials, we analyzed the crystal orientation of nacreous layers with different color prepared from fresh water clamsHyriopsis cumingii Lea by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the crystal CaCO₃ orientation on specific plane is responsible for the color of pearl and nacreous pearl color. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Morning Sunlight Program of Wuhan City Government. Jiang Xinnong: born in 1970, Lecturer     

Dynamic analysis of preferential orientation of aragonite crystals in nacre from mollusk shell

Based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, it is confirmed that the nacre is composed of aragonite crystals and organic matrix with interlaced arrangement, showing ordered "brick-mortar" structure. The dynamic analysis of preferential orientation of aragonite crystals in the nacre from the abalone (Haliotis diverscolor supertexta) with different shell ages is systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Experiments reveal that, in the nacre from the juvenile mollusk shell, there exist three kinds of orientations of aragonite crystals: (113), (002) and (012). However, along with the growing of the mollusk shell, the intensity of (012) and (113) becomes weak, and the (002) becomes the preferred crystal orientation of aragonite in the nacre from the adult mollusk shell, which means that the c axis of aragonite crystals is perpendicular to the nacreous layers. The results obtained show that the nacre possesses a highly ordered structure at the micrometer/nanometer multiscale levels.     

Dynamic analysis of preferential orientation of arasonite crystals in nacre from mollusk shell

Based on the scanning electron microscope （SEM） observations, it is confirmed that the nacre is composed of aragonite crystals and organic matrix with interlaced arrangement, showing ordered ＂brick-mortar＂ structure. The dynamic analysis of preferential orientation of aragonite crystals in the nacre from the abalone （Haliotis diverscolor supertexta） with different shell ages is systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and high resolution transmission electron microscope （HRTEM）. Experiments reveal that, in the nacre from the juvenile mollusk shell, there exist three kinds of orientations of aragonite crystals： （113）, （002） and （012）. However, along with the growing of the mollusk shell, the intensity of （012） and （113） becomes weak, and the （002） becomes the preferred crystal orientation of aragonite in the nacre from the adult mollusk shell, which means that the c axis of aragonite crystals is perpendicular to the nacreous layers. The results obtained show that the nacre possesses a highly ordered structure at the micrometer/nanometer mulUscale levels.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2薄膜及其光学特性

采用溶胶 -凝胶方法在二氧化硅玻璃基片上制备了TiO2 薄膜 ,通过测量薄膜在紫外 -可见光波段的透射率和反射率光谱 ,对其光学特性和吸收边缘进行了研究 .实验结果表明 ,吸收边缘大约在 35 0nm附近 ,并且随热处理温度的升高 ,吸收边缘向长波方向移动 ,锐钛矿相的禁带宽度比金红石相的禁带宽度高 0 .15eV     

马氏珠母贝外套膜组织培养

用本实验室已建立的贝类组织培养技术对马氏珠母贝外套膜组织成功地进行了体外培养,在外套膜组织中最先迁出的是颗粒细胞,紧随其后为透明细胞,在培养到２０ｈ时,圆形的上皮细胞开始迁出,上皮细胞很快在组织块圆形形成生长晕,继而铺满整个培养瓶底面,培养４ｄ以后,上皮细胞开始分泌颗粒状的物质,这时的上皮细胞从形态上发为Ａ型和Ｂ型两类,Ｂ型上皮细胞含有许多颗粒物质,而Ａ型上皮细胞不含或含少量颗粒物质,反映了其合成     

大豆过氧化物酶催化合成水溶性聚苯胺

在十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）胶束微环境中,用大豆过氧化物酶（soybean peroxidase,SBP）催化合成了水溶性聚苯胺．在pH（4-5）,0．1％-1．0％SDS胶束微环境中,SBP能催化苯胺聚合,产物在720nm处有一明显的吸收峰．由于苯醌和苯环的变形振动,其红外光谱在1594cm^-1和1497cm^-1处有明显的吸收峰．由于C-H面外振动,在824cm^-1处有一单吸收峰．测量结果表明产物为头尾相连结构．     

Vaterite or aragonite observed in the prismatic layer of freshwater-cultured pearls from South China

A prismatic layer is present in both freshwater-cultured pearls and seawater-cultured pearls. The phase structure of the prismatic layer of freshwater-cultured pearls is investigated for the first time and novel findings are reported in this paper. X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and micro-infrared (IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the crystallized layers of high and low-quality freshwater-cultured pearls. Results show that there is no calcite in the prismatic layer of freshwater-cultured pearls, which is different from what was found for seawater-cultured pearls. We found that an aragonite phase was present in the prismatic layer of high-quality freshwater-cultured pearls and that a vaterite or aragonite phase was present in low-quality pearls. Based on this study an internal factor that influences the quality of freshwater-cultured pearls is discussed.     

Inhomogeneous deformation and recrystallization behavior of through-thickness tantalum sheet under one-cycle clock-rolling

Effects of low clock rolling passes on through-thickness deformation and recrystallization behavior of the Ta sheet have been investigated. The clock-rolled samples with one cycle (8 passes) were systematically examined under different thickness layers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray diffraction line profile analysis (XLPA) showed that the extremely inhomogeneous texture evolution generated and the bulk stored energy existed in the through-thickness clock-rolled Ta sheet after 8 passes. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results revealed the misorientation of the grains in the deformed samples, indicating that grain subdivision in the surface and center layer was more serious than that in the quarter layer. High intensities misorientation indicates the presence of microshear bands in the surface and center layer. During annealing, the difference of the stored energy and the fragmentation of deformation microstructure along the thickness led to a heterogeneous driving force for the nucleation of the grains, resulting in subsequent different recrystallization rate in the different regions of the sample.