基于孤立点和初始质心选择的k均值算法的改进与应用

针对聚类中广泛应用的经典k均值算法随机选择初始质心和易受孤立点影响的不足,给出了二次改进的k均值算法.首先使用距离法移除孤立点,然后采用邻近吸收法对初始聚类中心的选择进行改进,并做了改进前后的对比实验.结果表明,改进后的算法比较稳定、准确,受孤立点和随机选择质心的影响也有所降低.     

基于Leader的K均值改进算法

研究了K均值算法中初始聚类中心的选择对算法本身聚类精度及效率的影响,并提出了改进的算法(LK算法,Leader+K-means).LK算法中的初始聚类中心选择不是随机的,而是利用Leader算法得到若干个初始类中心,然后选择包含数据项最多的k个类中心,作为K均值算法的初始类中心.实验结果表明,LK算法在聚类结果的稳定性和正确率方面都是有效可行的.     

改进的k-均值算法在聚类分析中的应用

介绍了在聚类中广泛应用的经典k-均值算法,并针对其易受随机选择初始聚类中心和孤立点的影响的不足,给出了改进的k-均值算法。首先使用距离法移除孤立点,然后采用邻近吸收法对初始聚类中心的选择进行了改进。并做了改进前后的对比实验和应用。结果表明,改进后的算法比较稳定、准确,受孤立点和随机选择初始聚类中心的影响也有所降低。     

改进的基于模糊C-均值聚类的图像分割算法

目前的FCM类型的算法聚类数目的确定需要聚类原形参数的先验知识,否则算法就会产生误导.为了提高图像分割算法的抗噪性能,用K均值聚类算法简单、快速的优点对模糊C均值聚类算法进行改进.结合图像的邻域信息,对图像的直方图作均衡化处理,改善图像质量,通过自适应滤波,降低噪声对分割效果的影响.先用K均值聚类算法对图像进行分割,快速的获得较为准确的聚类中心和初次分割图像,避免了FCM算法中初始聚类中心选择不当造成的死点问题.用邻域灰度均值信息代替传统模糊C均值聚类算法中的灰度信息,对K均值聚类得到的图像作二次分割.该方法能更好的抑制噪声的干扰,提高了聚类算法的分割精确度.     

一种改进的模糊C均值图像分割算法

针对传统的模糊C均值(FCM)图像分割算法效率较低和分割结果对噪声敏感等问题,提出了一种改进的模糊C均值图像分割算法,可以有效地根据图像灰度分布信息选取初始聚类中心,同时充分考虑了邻域像素对于聚类的影响.结果表明,该算法能够根据图像特征自动初始化合适数量的近似聚类中心,对噪声图像具有较好的分割效果.     

基于半监督的模糊C-均值聚类算法

通过将半监督学习的思想引入到模糊C-均值聚类方法中,提出一种基于半监督的模糊C-均值聚类算法,有效解决了模糊C-均值聚类算法随机选取初始聚类中心导致聚类结果局部收敛的问题,能客观获取最佳聚类数目和初始聚类中心.实验结果表明,与传统模糊C-均值聚类算法相比,基于半监督的模糊C-均值算法在一定程度上减少了迭代次数,降低了对初始聚类中心的依赖性.     

一种鲁棒的无监督聚类图像分割算法

针对目前基于模糊C-均值聚类图像分割算法的噪声敏感问题, 提出一种基于无监督可能性聚类的自动加权图像分割算法. 该算法先应用均值漂移迭代确定可能性C-均值聚类算法的初始化中心, 利用可能性聚类的模式搜索性质自动确定聚类划分; 然后根据像素间灰度值关系进行图像加权, 通过将加权系数与像素噪声的可能性相关联, 降低噪声对图像分割的影响. 实验结果表明, 相对于基于模糊C-均值聚类的图像分割算法, 该算法不仅取得了较好的分割效果, 而且无监督分割时计算效率更高, 对噪声的鲁棒性更强.     

一种鲁棒的无监督聚类图像分割算法

针对目前基于模糊C-均值聚类图像分割算法的噪声敏感问题, 提出一种基于无监督可能性聚类的自动加权图像分割算法. 该算法先应用均值漂移迭代确定可能性C-均值聚类算法的初始化中心, 利用可能性聚类的模式搜索性质自动确定聚类划分; 然后根据像素间灰度值关系进行图像加权, 通过将加权系数与像素噪声的可能性相关联, 降低噪声对图像分割的影响. 实验结果表明, 相对于基于模糊C-均值聚类的图像分割算法, 该算法不仅取得了较好的分割效果, 而且无监督分割时计算效率更高, 对噪声的鲁棒性更强.     

一种优化初始聚类中心的k-means算法

随机选择初始聚类中心的k-means算法易使聚类陷入局部最优解、聚类结果不稳定且受孤立点影响大等问题.针对这些问题,提出了一种优化初始聚类中心的方法及孤立点排除法.该算法首先选择距离最远的两点加入初始化中心,再根据这两点将原始簇分成两个聚簇,在这两个簇中挑选方差较大的簇按照一定的规则进行分裂直至找到k个中心,初始中心的选择过程中用到孤立点排除法.在UCI数据集及人造含一定比例的噪音数据集下,通过实验比较了改进算法与其他算法的优劣.实验表明,改进后的算法不仅受孤立点的影响小、稳定性好而且准确度也高.     

一种改进的全局K-均值聚类算法

将快速K中心点聚类算法确定初始中心点的思想应用于全局K-均值聚类算法,对其选取下一个簇的最佳初始中心的方法进行改进,提出选取下一个簇的最佳初始中心的一种新方法.该新方法选择一个周围样本分布相对密集,且距离现有簇的中心比较远的样本为下一个簇的最佳初始中心,得到一种改进的全局K-均值聚类算法.改进后的算法不仅可以避免将噪音点作为下一个簇的最佳初始中心点,而且在不影响聚类效果的基础上缩短了聚类时间.通过UCI机器学习数据库数据以及随机生成的人工模拟数据实验测试,证明改进的全局K-均值聚类算法与全局K-均值聚类算法及快速全局K-均值聚类算法相比在聚类时间上更优越.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of