杨树胶合板材纸浆材新品种鲁林1号、2号、3号选育

通过杨树的天然杂交和人工控制杂交,经过多年多点苗期试验和无性系对比试验,综合评价了筛选出的鲁林1号、2号和3号3个适宜制浆造纸的杨树优良新品种,它们具有生长量大、造林成活率高、抗病虫、材质好等特点,适宜制浆造纸和制作胶合板用材。其中:鲁林1号杨为雌株,是从美洲黑杨228-379(Populus deltoides‘228-379’)优树上采集天然杂交种子选育而成,在莒县和长清区试验点6年生平均单株材积分别超过对照I-107(P.×euramericana‘Neva’)26.5%和14.5%。该品种树干圆满、侧枝细小、出材率高、木材制作胶合板性能优良,特别适合培育大径级胶合板用材,也可培育纸浆材。鲁林2号和3号都是通过室内水培人工控制杂交培育而成,鲁林2号杨为雌株,母本为欧美杨I-72(P.×euramericana‘San martino’)、父本为美洲黑杨PE-3-71(P.deltoides‘PE-3-71’),4～6年生平均单株材积超过对照I-69杨(P.del-toides‘Lux’)24.7%～59.0%,特别适宜培育纸浆材;鲁林3号杨为雄株,母本为美洲黑杨I-69,父本为美洲黑杨PE-3-71,4～6年生平均单株材积超过对照I-69杨25.1%～62.5%,适宜培育胶合板材,也可以培育纸浆材。     

虫害诱导杨树对杨扇舟蛾寄主选择和生长发育的影响

在室内采用选择性和生物测定方法,研究了昆虫取食危害过的杨树对杨扇舟蛾寄主选择行为和生长发育的影响。结果表明:杨扇舟蛾幼虫对虫害处理的叶片表现为忌避行为;取食虫害处理的叶片,使得幼虫的发育历期延长,死亡率增加,对食物的利用和转化效率下降;蛹质量减小;成虫的羽化率降低,产卵量减少。因此,昆虫取食危害能够诱导杨树对杨扇舟蛾产生抗虫性。     

人工林杨树木材材色指标及其变异的研究

对人工林杨树木材Ⅰ-69杨(Populus deltoides cv.Ⅰ-69/55)的材色指标进行了系统的测试.结果表明:Ⅰ-69杨人工林木材材色指标,即CIE表色系统中明度L*、色品指数a*、色品指数b*和孟塞尔表色系统中明度V、色调值H,在各表色系中均有一定的分布范围.对上述材色参数进行相关性分析可以发现,材色参数之间存在一定的相关性,表明了木材材色参数独有的特点.     

超高温热处理对水曲柳板材尺寸稳定性的影响

分别采用窑式常压和罐式带压过热蒸汽对水曲柳板材进行超高温热处理,研究了两种热处理方式对木材平衡含水率、尺寸稳定性、吸湿滞后及干缩系数的影响,分析了两种热处理方法使木材稳定性提高的原因。结果表明：两种热处理均可降低木材的平衡含水率,但罐式带压热处理可以更有效地降低木材在使用中的平衡含水率,减小木材使用环境的相对湿度变化对木材含水率的影响,降低木材干缩系数,更有利于提高木材的尺寸稳定性。提高处理温度可以减小热处理材的吸湿滞后,罐式带压热处理材比窑式常压热处理材的吸湿滞后小。     

杨树新品系J号杨、50号杨、B号杨苗期生长规律

以选育出的杨树新品系J号杨、50号杨、B号杨为材料,利用Logistic方程对苗龄型-根-干苗主要生长性状及苗高、地径年生长规律进行拟合,拟合效果显著,相关系数在0.978 6以上,并以此将J号杨、50号杨、B号杨生长过程分为4个时期,各品系速生期苗高及地径生长量占总生长量比率分别为J号杨59.8%,70.3%;50号杨65.1%,64.6%;B号杨60.3%,68.8%,均高于小黑杨.     

热处理对木材吸湿特性及尺寸稳定性的影响

分别在常压蒸汽与0.45 MPa加压蒸汽条件下,对樟子松和柞木进行热处理,比较了热处理材和未处理材的水分吸湿性及尺寸稳定性差异。结果表明:两种试材经过热处理后不仅吸湿量明显降低,在高湿条件下的吸湿特性也发生了显著变化,当环境相对湿度从69%增至94%时,热处理材的平衡含水率变化率仅为对照材的1/3,细胞壁微观构造在高温条件下的变化可能是造成这一现象的主要原因;吸湿性的降低使热处理材的尺寸稳定性获得了大幅度提高,樟子松试材加压蒸汽热处理后径、弦向湿胀率分别下降了34%和47%,柞木则分别降低了46%和51%;热处理材的弦向抗湿涨系数普遍高于径向抗湿涨系数,表明木材径、弦向的湿胀差异在热处理后也有所缩减;加压蒸汽热处理比常压蒸汽热处理的改性效果更为显著。     

增强-染色复合改性杨木的强度和耐光色牢度

【目的】通过木材增强-染色联合改性,提高人工林杨木的物理力学和装饰性能,为人工林速生软质木材的高效增值利用提供技术支持。【方法】将水溶性低分子质量三聚氰胺脲醛树脂(MUF)与酸性大红G复配得到复合染色剂,通过真空加压浸渍处理,对杨木进行增强-染色一体化改性,测试改性材颜色、强度、氙光老化等性能,并利用SEM分析其微观性状。【结果】增强-染色复合改性材的Δa^*、Δb^*、ΔC^*、ΔL^*与ΔE^*等色差指标与水染材基本一致; 复合染色材表面与内部颜色差异小于水染材。与未处理材相比,增强-染色复合改性材的密度、抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、抗弯强度(MOR)和抗压强度分别提高了38.2%、6.28%、20.67%和48.87%,与树脂增强改性材相当。SEM分析结果表明,MUF改性材和复合改性材细胞腔和细胞间隙被改性剂填充; 与水染材相比,复合改性材中的染料颗粒分布更均匀。耐光色率度测试结果表明水染材颜色在10 h内变化最快,50 h开始趋于平缓; 增强-染色复合改性材在光照50～75 h颜色变化加快,75 h后趋于稳定,其耐光色牢度比水染材提高了28.3%。【结论】染料的添加对树脂MUF的增强改性作用无明显影响,染料的加入也不影响水溶性低分子质量MUF树脂的高渗透性,树脂填充细胞腔和细胞间隙使得两种改性材的密度和力学强度均大大提高,树脂对染料的包覆和固结使得复合染色材的耐水色牢度明显提高,增强-染色复合改性材比水染材具有更好的耐光色牢度。将木材功能性改良与染色相结合的杨木增强-染色一体化改性技术,能显著改善速生杨木材料的物理力学和装饰性能。     

发动机燃用煤合成柴油的试验

通过在单缸直喷式柴油机上进行燃用F-T(Fischer-Tropsch)柴油和0号柴油的对比试验,分析了发动机燃用F-T柴油和0号柴油的燃烧特性和排放特性.与燃用0号柴油相比,燃用含50%F-T柴油、75%F-T柴油的混合燃料及纯F-T柴油时的有效热效率、经济性和排放特性都有显著改善,其中有效热效率分别提高4.92%、5.22%和6.38%;燃油消耗率分别降低2.15%、2.61%和2.87%;NOx排放量平均分别降低78.2%、85.6%和90.1%;CO排放量分别平均降低91%、93.7%和96.5%;CO2排放量分别平均降低77.6%、82.3%和87.5%;纯F-T柴油的排气温度比燃用0号柴油平均降低3.5%.试验结果表明,F-T柴油是柴油机良好的清洁代用燃料.     

马尾松半同胞家系纤维形态遗传变异及纸浆材优良家系选择

纤维形态的物理特征是马尾松纸浆材新品种选育的重要性状。该研究以22年生29个马尾松初级种子园半同胞家系的木材样品为材料,对其木材纤维进行了遗传变异分析、相关分析及优良家系选择。结果表明:纤维性状在家系间和家系内均存在一定幅度的变异,纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维长宽比、柔性系数以及壁腔比5个性状的早材变异系数均大于晚材,家系水平的纤维选择主要是针对早材的选择。方差分析表明:家系间平均晚材纤维宽度、平均晚材纤维腔径宽、平均晚材纤维长度以及早晚材平均纤维长度差异显著,家系遗传力为0.38～0.51,家系水平的纤维改良潜力较大。年龄与纤维长、晚材长宽比、纤维壁厚、壁腔比、柔性系数、刚性系数等6个指标呈显著相关或相关显著;年轮宽度与纤维宽、纤维长、纤维长宽比、壁腔比、壁厚、刚性系数和柔性系数等7个纤维形态指标呈显著相关,晚材率与纤维宽、纤维长、长宽比、壁厚、早材壁腔比、早材刚性系数和早材柔性系数等指标相关显著,年轮宽可作为马尾松家系纤维的间接选择指标。通过对生长和纤维含量及质量进行综合评价,113号家系入选为定向培育制浆造纸材的优良家系。     

热处理和改性PU漆对木材光变色性能的影响

采用热处理基材改性和紫外吸收剂涂层改性两种方法改善木材的光稳定性;并利用氙灯照射人工老化的方法,研究了龙脑香、樟子松、杉木3种木材热处理前后的光稳定性,分析了改性PU漆对热处理木材光变色的抑制作用。结果表明:在光老化过程中,热处理木材与素材间色值参数变化规律不同,而且热处理材的光稳定性明显高于素材。氙灯照射100 h后,龙脑香、樟子松和杉木热处理材色差较素材分别下降了38%、29%和59%,改性PU漆可以使木材色差降低14%~61%。3个树种中,龙脑香光稳定性最好,其次是杉木,樟子松最差。因此,户外漆的开发需要针对不同树种考虑不同热处理条件。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with