Morphology and Thermal Behavior of Polypropylene/Easily Hydrodegraded Polyester Blend Fibers

Ultrafine polypropylene fibers are prepared frompolypropylene/easily hydro - degraded polyester (PP/EHDPET) blend fibers, in which file EHDPET compo-nent is degradable by treating with NaOH - H_2O solu-tion. We investigated the morphology of PP/EHDPETblend fibers before and after stretching and alkalinehydrolysis. Then thermal behavior of the blend has alsobeen studied.     

聚丙烯/聚丙烯酸正丁酯填充IPN共混体系的力学性能研究

采用填充方法合成的第一聚合物网络为非交联的聚丙烯（ＰＰ）多孔网状结构,第二网络为交联的聚丙烯酸正丁酯（ＰｎＢＡ）的结晶／非晶共混体系的应力－应变力学性能和网络ＩＩ弹性体组分ＰｎＢＡ对网络ＩＰＰ组分的增韧作用,探讨了弹性体ＰｎＢＡ的交联剂用量、基质ＰＰ取向等因素对填充ＩＰＮ共混体系力学性能的影响。     

聚合物共混体系的正电子湮没研究

用正电子湮没寿命谱仪对聚丙烯PP和三元乙丙橡胶EPDM的共混体系进行了测量.实验研究表明,正电子湮没寿命灵敏地反映了在95—370K温度范围内PP/EPDM共混物的微观结构变化.经分析得到PP/EPDM是两相共混体系的结论.     

蒙脱土改性聚丙烯共混体系的可纺性及染色性研究

用X-射线衍射仪研究了蒙脱土在聚丙烯中的插层情况；对蒙脱土改性聚丙烯的多组分共混体系的可纺性及染色性作了比较。结果表明，聚丙烯／马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯／有机蒙脱土复合材料的质量分数组成为78．5%／13．5％／1．5％，加入质量分数为6．5％聚酯离聚物的共混体系具有较好的可纺性，且蒙脱土与聚酯离聚物对聚丙烯纤维的染色性改善具有协同作用，较聚丙烯／聚酯离聚物体系的染色性更好。     

不同黏度聚丙烯流动性能及其皮芯型纺黏纤维

研究了不同黏度聚丙烯熔体的表观黏度与切变速率、温度之间的关系,并比较了不同黏度聚丙烯熔体制得的皮芯型纺黏纤维的力学性能和结构。结果表明:随着温度的升高,黏度越大的聚丙烯熔体的表观黏度减小速率越快;随着切变速率的加快,熔体的表观黏度不断减小。在相同的纺黏工艺条件下,低黏度的聚丙烯熔体制得的皮芯型纤维更细,断裂强度更小;与机械牵伸工艺相比,聚丙烯复合纤维的解取向程度改变不明显,黏度越小的聚丙烯复合纤维取向度和结晶度越大。采用不同黏度聚丙烯熔体制备的皮芯型纺黏纤维,仅部分纤维截面会呈现皮芯型结构。     

Modifying the poly ether ester antistatic agent by carbon nanotubes, the antistatic effect on polypropylene fibers

A new antistatic fiber is investigated using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance the antistatic ability of polymer fibers based on the mechanism of the discharging process of polarity macromolecule. Composite antistatic agent (CAA), prepared by dispersing CNTs in an organic antistatic agent carrier containing metallic ions in their main chains, is cospun with polypropylene (PP) to prepare CAA/PP fibers. It is indicated through analyzing the measured dynamic tribo-electrostatic voltages that CNTs can promote the discharging process of polarity macromolecule of antistatic agent carrier and further improve the antistatic ability of PP fibers. It is also indicated that the antistatic effect promoted by CNTs is better than that by conductive carbon black. Moreover, the antistatic effects of the CNTs treated by different methods are also compared.     

Studies of the Rheological Behavior of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blend by Capillary Rheometer

The theological behavior of blend, e. g. polypropylene, PP, with polyamide - 6, PA6, has been investigated. Results show that this blend is a pseudo plastic fluid and the amount of PA6 seems to be a dominator to influence all theological properties. In addition to the expected influence by temperature generally for polymer, it has been found the amount of PA6 is valid in a range, e. g. 0 - 20% corresponding to the PP amount, i. e. in this range, the larger the PA6 added, the larger is the non-Newtonian index, n, and this is obviously especially for PP/PA6 blend with the high shear stress.     

P(BA-co-AA)-g-(PMMA-GMA)三元接枝共聚物及其锌离聚体共混研究

利用P（BA－co－AA）－g－（PMMA－GMA）三元接技共聚物及其锌离子聚合体,在布拉本达密炼机内与聚环氧乙烷（PEO）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙稀（PP）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）进行机械共混,得到一系列共混物。讨论表征了所得共混物的力学性能,解释了共混物中出现的协同效应、抵消效应。     

The Manufacture of Structured Flax/Hemp Fiber Thermoplastic Composites and Its Flexural Properties

Flax and hemp fibers were used as reinforcing materials to commingle with polypropylene (PP) fiber to realize the mixture of two materials at the stage of yarn.Meanwhile,PP filaments were introduced to produce a corespun yarn with flax/PP as core and PP filament as outer sheath.The commingled yarns were woven into 2D fabric which was used as the prefabricated material.The composite laminates were prepared by hot press technology.The effects of manufacture technology, yam structure,and fiber weight fraction on flexural properties of composites were investigated.     

官能团化聚丙烯改性Al(OH)_3/PP复合材料的力学性能

用熔融挤出法制备了不同接枝率的官能团化聚丙烯（ＦＰＰ）,研究了ＦＰＰ对改性的Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３／ＰＰ复合 材料的力学性能与断裂形态的影响、并对ＦＰＰ在复合材料中作用机理进行了初步探讨．观察到随Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３ 用量增加,ＰＰ的拉伸强度和弯曲强度逐渐降低,断裂伸长率明显降低．ＦＰＰ加入有利于Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３／ＰＰ复合材 料力学性能改善、填料分散和增强填料与基体界面相互作用,尤其在高填料中功效更加明显．     

熔融电纺制备PE/PP共混纤维

针对聚乙烯（PE）与聚丙烯（PP）共混体系熔融电纺，研究了PE／PP的质量比和接收距离对熔融电纺纤维形貌和直径的影响．结果表明，稀释剂的作用使电纺PE／PP纤维的表面较为粗糙，提高接收速度有助于减少粗糙程度，也可使纤维直径下降．差示扫描量热测试结果表明，电纺PE／PP纤维中PE和PP的结晶程度随PE／PP质量比的不同而变化较大．由于不使用溶剂，熔融电纺可望成为超细纤维形成的实用方法．     

Photo-Grafting Copolymerization of PP Nonwoven Fabric and Its Application for Acidic Dye Adsorption and Filtration

The monomer methacrylamido propyl trimethy ammonium chloride（ MAPTAC） was copolymerized onto the fiber surface of polypropylene（ PP） nonwoven fabric under ultroviole radiation. The weak acid red GN dye adsorption and adsorptive filtration performance of the resulted PP fabrics were investigated.The results showed that the grafting copolymerization preferred to happen in the inner layer of the fabrics. The water flux of the grafted fabrics decreases with the increase of grafting yield. The collapse of the grafted polymer chains causes the flux increase in acidic condition,or vice versa at alkaline version. The coiling of the polyelectrolyte chains upon the dye adsorption seems to violate the routine assumption of the rigid substrate, and this gets the adsorption energy constant negative. The static adsorption process follows the Lagergren＇s pseudo-second order kinetic equation. The removals of circa（ ca.） 100% of the total permeation volume3 500 mL simulated dye wastewater was reached during permeation.The dye adsorbed fabrics were regenerated by the mixed media of the cationic surfactant / ethanol /water. The grafted fabric assumes stable fabric integrity and stability during permeation,and presents excellent dye adsorption capacity,easy desorption, and repeatable utilization.     

Preparation of Acid Dyeable Polypropylene Fiber

A series of basic copolyamides has been synthesized withadipic acid(AA),hexamethylene diamine(HMDA)anddiethylenetriamine(DETA).Intrinsic viscosity determi-nation,thermal analysis and infrared spectrum analysisof the copolyamide indicates that molecular weight,ther-mal stability reduce whereas alkalinity increase with theincreasing fraction of DETA.Then acid dyeable polypro-pylene fibers are prepared by admixing polypropylene(PP)with those copolyamides prior to extrusion.Lowconcentration of the additive affects slightly on the crys-tallinity and the mechanical property of PP fiber.Themodified PP fibers have a nice acidic dyeability.     

不同增容剂对动态固化PP/EPDM/EP 共混物结构与性能的影响

将动态硫化技术应用于环氧树脂(EP)增强聚丙烯(PP)/三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)体系中,研究了不同增容剂对动态固化共混物结构与性能的影响.实验结果表明,马来酸酐接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)增容的动态固化PP/EPDM/EP共混物是三相结构,即EPDM分散相、EP颗粒分散相和PP连续相.共混物具有较高的拉伸强度和弯曲模量,冲击强度变化不大.马来酸酐接枝EPDM(EPDM-g-MAH)增容的动态固化共混物是“核-壳”复合分散相和PP连续相结构,其中EP颗粒为核,外面包覆着EPDM-g-MAH和EPDM.这种“核-壳”结构变相地提高了EPDM橡胶的体积分数,使得共混物具有较高的冲击强度,同时保持一定的强度和模量.     

氟化无纺聚丙烯驻极体滤膜用于变压器油净化的过滤性能

变压器油的绝缘性能是影响电力设备安全运行的关键因素。采用氟化和直流电晕充电处理聚丙烯无纺布,并将其用于变压器油的净化,考察其过滤性能。结果表明：在氟化过程中,聚丙烯的部分C-H键被C-F键取代,同时聚丙烯纤维的平均直径减小,粗糙度增加,制备得到了超疏水滤膜。将氟化后的滤膜进行电晕充电并用于变压器油的净化发现,过滤后的油样相对于用原始滤膜过滤后的油样绝缘性能得到更多恢复,击穿电压升高,微水含量、相对介电常数和介质损耗因数降低。     

聚丙烯与聚酯共混物的流变性能研究

本文对聚丙烯(PP)与阳离子可染聚酯(CDPET)在组成为97/3,95/5,90/10、85/15和80/20以及与对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)组成为90/10共混物的流变行为、共混物形态结构与流变性质的关系作了研究。结果表明,PP与CDPET、PBT的共混物熔体均为切力变稀的幂律流体。共混物PP/CDPET熔体表观粘度对剪切速率的依赖性比PP/PBT小,而对温度的依赖性则比PP/PBT大。PP/CDPET共混物随着第二组分含量的变化其表现粘度在5(质量)％时出现极大值,这与共混物熔体中分散相的形态结构物有关;CDPET百分含量越大,PP/CDPET共混物熔体粘度对温度越敏感。     

聚丙烯纤维高温阻裂机理

通过研究不同纤维掺量自密实混凝土高温情况下的宏微观性能，探讨高温时材料内部的物理化学变化，以及不同温度状况下由微观结构变化所带来的宏观性能变化．试验中，待试样进行不同的高温处理过后，采用汞压力测孔法和扫描电镜对材料进行微观性能研究，并量测了高温后材料的气渗性能．同时，聚丙烯纤维的作用机理也得到了探讨．试验结果表明，纤维熔解能改善材料内部孔隙的连通性能，从而提高材料的气渗性能，降低了材料内部由升温集聚的孔隙压力．进一步，气渗性能的测量能作为评价纤维添加效果的有效手段．同时，研究中还发现熔解过程中聚丙烯纤维的工作机制，将有助于进一步的相关研究．     

直线式双组分熔体微分电纺“月牙状”聚丙烯纤维制备

搭建直线式熔体微分电纺设备，制备了聚丙烯（PP）和聚乳酸（PLA）双组分纤维，将所制样品放入丙酮水溶液中作浸泡处理，溶解PLA组分获得PP单组分异形纤维；然后对PLA添加增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯（ATBC）进行降黏处理，以达到改变PLA熔体流动速率（MFRs）的目的，探究不同MFRs差异所产生的不同包裹现象。研究结果表明，两种组分的MFRs差异对双组分纤维的包裹现象产生显著影响，且通过实验可知，当ATBC质量分数为6%的PLA与PP共纺时，可得到形貌最佳的PP组分异形纤维。     

核壳胶粒增韧改性聚丙烯研究Ⅰ.反应共混

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝改性聚丙烯（ＰＰｇＧＭＡ）作为界面改性剂,采用粒径可控的反应性核壳胶粒与ＰＰ进行反应共混,研究了反应共混物的结构与性质．用化学分离结合光谱表征的方法,对熔融共混时发生的原位反应进行了表征;以共混物平衡扭矩为参数考察了界面改性剂对共混物熔体扭矩的影响;用示差扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）研究了共混物中ＰＰ的结晶行为．结果表明,红外谱图上１　４９３ ｃｍ － １及２　７００～３　０００ ｃｍ － １处的吸收峰可用于共混反应的鉴定;与非反应共混相比,反应共混使熔体的平衡扭矩升高;ＰＰｇＧＭＡ对ＰＰ结晶有促进作用,反应共混物中ＰＰ结晶温度的升高可归结为ＰＰｇＧＭＡ与核壳胶粒在促进ＰＰ结晶方面所表现出的协同作用     

PP接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯低聚物的制备及应用

利用半频哪醇休眠基在热、光作用下的再引发特性,将带有半频哪醇休眠基的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯低聚物（PGMA-BPH）与聚丙烯进行熔融接枝,从而在聚丙烯大分子链上引入反应性环氧基团,实现聚丙烯的功能化改性。初步探讨了接枝反应的机理和反应时间对接枝率的影响。通过FTIR对接枝产物进行表征,证实了接枝反应的发生。XRD和DSC的测试结果表明接枝聚丙烯的晶型由纯聚丙烯的α晶与β晶的混合体变为单纯的α晶型,并且其熔点、结晶度及结晶完善程度都有一定程度的提高。将所得接枝聚丙烯用作聚丙烯和尼龙6的共混相容剂,分散相尼龙6的相畴尺寸明显减小,两相的相容性提高。