灰鹤冠状动脉的铸型观察

为了探讨鸟类心脏的血供情况，用血管铸型和组织透明方法观察了研究了灰鹤（Grus grus)心脏左，右冠状动脉的分支分布情况，结果表明，灰鹤心脏左冠状动脉分为前降支和旋支，前降支又依次分山动脉圆锥支，前室间隔支和左缘支，前室间隔支分布于空间隔前1／2部，左缘支主要分支分布于左室侧壁，前降支主干分支分布于左心室前壁，旋支分布于左心室的隔壁及左心房等处。右冠状动脉沿途分出后室间隔支和右室前支及右缘支，其主干延续为右室后支，后室间隔支分布于室间隔后1／2部，右室前支分布于右心室前壁，右缘支分布于心右缘壁，右室后支分支分布于合心室的隔壁。     

大鸨心脏冠状动脉的铸型观察

用血管铸型方法对大鸨心脏冠状动脉的分支分布情况进行了详细研究.发现大鸨心脏左、右冠状动脉均开口于同侧主动脉窦内.左冠状动脉先分出前室间隔支,分布于室间隔前1/3部,主干分为旋支和前降支.旋支先分出左心房支,分布于左心房,主干分支分布于左心室的左缘壁和隔壁及右心室隔壁的部分区域;前降支有两支,前支由左冠状动脉主干根部分出,依次分出后室间隔支和动脉圆锥支,主干延续至心尖,其分支分布于左心室壁面和右心室隔面.后室间隔支分布于室间隔后2/3部,动脉圆锥支分布动脉圆锥及肺动脉干;前降支后支分出左缘支后,主干沿锥旁室间沟下行,沿途发出4,5支平行型分支分布于左心室前壁,左缘支沿心左缘走行,分布于左心室侧壁.右冠状动脉分为浅支和深支.浅支分出窦房结支和右心房支,主干延续为右室后支,窦房结支分布于窦房结和升主动脉,右心房支分布于右心房,右室后支分出右缘支沿心右缘走行,分布于右心室侧壁,右室后支主干分布于右心室的隔壁;深支分出主动脉支分布于升主动脉,主干延续为右室前支分布于右心室前壁及心右缘壁.出后室间隔支,主干延续为右室前支,右室前支向前向下延伸,分支分布于右心室前壁和右心室下缘壁.     

蓝马鸡冠状动脉的铸型观察

用血管铸型和组织透明方法观察研究了蓝马鸡(Crossoptilon auritum)心脏左、右冠状动脉的分支分布情况，结果表明，蓝马鸡的心脏由左右冠状动脉营养，左冠状动脉分为前室间隔支、前降支和旋支，前降支又分出动脉圆锥左支，旋支又分出左缘支，前室间隔支分布于室间隔前1／3部，前降支分支分布于左心室前壁、动脉圆锥的左侧部及右心室上部的小部等，旋支分布于左室侧壁、隔壁的部分及左心房等处，右冠状动脉沿途分出后室间隔支、动脉圆锥右支、右室前支及右缘支，后室间隔支分为三支分布于室间隔后2／3部及左右心室的隔壁等，动脉圆锥右支分布于右室前壁的部分及动脉圆锥的右侧部，右室前支分布于右心室前壁的部分。右缘支分布于心右缘壁，心脏的室间隔由前室间隔支和后室间隔支营养，左右冠状动脉在隔面的分布属于右优势型。     

雀鹰冠状动脉的铸型观察

为了阐明雀鹰心脏的血供,用血管铸型和组织透明方法观察了雀鹰心脏左、右冠状动脉的分支分布情况,结果表明,雀鹰心脏左冠状动脉分为前降支和旋支,前降支又依次支出动脉圆锥支、左缘支和前室间隔支,左缘支分支分布于左室侧壁,前室间隔支分布于室间隔前1／2部,前降支主干分支分布于左心室前壁,旋支分布于左心的左缘壁和隔壁及右心室隔壁的部分,右冠状动脉沿途分出后室间隔支和右室前支,其主干延续为右室后支,后室间隔支分布于室间隔后1／2部,右室前支分布于右心室前壁及心右缘壁,右室后支分布于右心室的隔壁。     

中国新记录种毛细木霉Trichoderma capillare及功能评价

木霉菌株TW22166分离自湖南省洞庭湖滩涂湿地,该菌株分生孢子梗具有长而发达的主轴,二次分枝丰富,不规则,一般单生,分生孢子梗向顶方向着生单个瓶梗。利用ITS、tef1及rpb2序列分析,发现该菌株同Trichoderma capillare同源性达到99%以上;在以rpb2构建的系统发育进化树中,TW22166与Trichoderma capillare strain GJS 06 66 ［JN175530-1］位于同一分支。该菌株在PDA平板上对9种植物病原真菌均有抑制作用,其中对Fusariumoxysporum的抑制率为1000%。菌株具有蛋白酶、几丁质酶及纤维素酶活性,其中蛋白酶活性较高,透明圈宽度达160 mm。该菌株鉴定为毛细木霉Trichoderma capillare,是木霉属中国新记录种,也是一株较有潜力的生物防治菌株。     

花背蟾蜍胃肠的血供研究

用血管铸型法对15只花背蟾蜍（Bufo raddei)胃肠的动脉和静脉进行了解剖学观察,结果显示：花背蟾蜍胃肠的动脉均来自腹腔肠系膜动脉,胃的营养由胃左动脉和胃右动脉供应;肠由肠系膜前动脉和肠系膜后动脉共同营养,胃的静脉包插胃左静脉和胃右静脉,分别收集胃左侧面和胃右侧面胃壁的静脉血,经肝门静脉回流;肠的静脉有肠系膜前静脉和肠系膜后静脉,前者收集十二指肠和回肠前段肠壁的静脉血,后者收集回肠后段和直肠壁的静脉血,最后经肝门静回流,与此同时,将花背蟾蜍胃肠的血供与其它动物进行了比较。     

The binding of the anticoagulation factor Ⅰ from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus to activated factor Ⅹ

Anticoagulation factor Ⅰ (ACF Ⅰ) from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus prolonged plasma prothrombin time (PPT) with dose-dependent manner and exhibited marked anticoagulant activity only at the concentration higher than its critical concentration (12 nmol/L). It was discovered that ACFⅠ formed a 1:1 complex with activated coagulation factor (FⅩa) in the presence of Ca2+ ions by the method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both native ACFⅠ and decalcified ACFⅠ failed to form complexes with FⅩa in the absence of Ca2+. Sr2+ ions were able to replace Ca2+ ions in the binding of ACFⅠ to FⅩa, but both Ba2+ ions and Tb3+ ions were ineffective. ACFⅠ was a new member of the Ⅸ/Ⅹ-bp family in the C-type lectin superfamily, and had a amino acid composition similar to the other members of this family. It was composed of 251 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 29 603.6 u on non-reducing condition, determined by MALDI-TOF-MS, and a molecular weight of 14.7 ku on reducing condition, determined by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).     

肝内门—腔静脉分流术的应用解剖

目的：为临床进行肝内门—腔静脉分流术提供解剖学基础。方法：在31例成人肝标本上观测肝静脉的汇合类型、开口纵径、横径,肝静脉与门静脉交叉处的长度、横径、两静脉间距离。结果：三条肝静脉注入下腔静脉分三种类型,肝右静脉与门静脉右干及右后上支交叉、肝中、左静脉与门静脉左干交叉。结论：肝内门—腔静脉分流术的首选部位是在肝右静脉与门静脉右干及右肩上支之间;其次是在肝中静脉与门静脉左干之间;肝左静脉不宜行肝内门—腔静脉分流术。     

一种孟氏虫Menziesia sp. 的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察显示：孟氏虫呈长椭圆形，背腹扁平，具1对吸盘样前吸器，前吸器之后为口咽，生殖孔在虫体左侧边缘处．后吸器盘状，无柄，内具3对中央大钩和7对边缘小钩，边缘膜由柱状细胞组成．体表皮褶不明显，腹面体表具感觉乳突和体棘；背面体表密布颗粒状突起．     

Liaoxiornis delicatus gen. et sp. nov., the smallest Mesozoic bird

Recently, a very small and complete bird specimen was collected from theConfuciusornis-bearing Yixian. Formation. This finding represents a new kind of Mesozoic bird, namedLiaoxiornis delicatus. It is characterized by a short skull with teeth, a long neck and a very small sternum with only posterior process; the humeral head is not internally curved, and the hindlimbs are longer than the forelimbs.Liaoxiornis delicatus is not only much smaller thanConfuciusomis, but also smaller thanCathayomis and other early Cretaceous birds. It is the smallest bird known from Mesozoic deposit.Liaoxiornis provides new evidence indicating that the early adaptive radiation of birds is complicated.     

广西金线鲃属鱼类一新种记述

根据采集自广西壮族自治区南丹县和环江县境内的5尾标本鉴定描记了金线鲃属Sinocyclocheilus 1新种,斑点金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus punctatus sp.nov..其形态特征:背鳍末根不分枝,鳍条变粗,下部强硬,后缘具强锯齿;背鳍起点明显后于腹鳍起点,分枝鳍条8;口端位;胸鳍长,后伸超过腹鳍起点;吻须短,后伸不达眼前缘;身体被细鳞,侧线鳞明显比侧线上、下鳞大;侧线鳞45~50;第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙7~8枚;头背面和侧线上半部体侧和背部散布不规则的黑色斑点.这些组合特征可以将新种与同属的其他种区别开来.     

河南鲤科鱼类咽骨咽齿的比较研究(二)

<正> 本文记述了密鲴亚科鱼类4属4种,鲤卿亚科鱼类2属2种,现分述如下:I密鲴亚科:咽骨较宽,前后角明显。骨长为骨宽的2.5～4.4倍。体长为骨长的14.3～17.0倍。前肢稍长于后肢。前无齿突顶端尖;后无齿突侧扁,顶端园钝。咽齿1～3列,侧扁,先端尖不带钩,内列齿6～7枚,咀嚼面发达。咽齿1列以上者,外列齿细长而弱,容易     

中国脉柄叶蜂族 (膜翅目 :蕨叶蜂科 )—— 一新属新种附已知属检索表(英文)

记述了中国膜翅目蕨叶蜂科脉柄叶蜂族一新属新种 :Abusarbideainfuscata ,gen .etsp .nov .新属新种。新属与脉柄叶蜂族其它已知各属的区别为新属的前翅臀室具倾斜的臀横脉 ,中前胸背板前叶后部 2 / 5平坦并具锐利的中脊 ,唇基前缘截型。     

南方红豆杉紫杉烷7β-羟基化酶基因全长序列的克隆和进化分析

 从南方红豆杉Taxus wallichiana var.mairei的新鲜嫩叶中提取基因组DNA作为模板,利用三组特异引物进行PCR扩增,然后克隆测序得到紫杉烷7β-羟基化酶的基因全长。该基因编码区起始密码子为ATG,终止密码子为TGA,全长1 692 bp;碱基组成为490 A (29.0%),351 C (20.7%),362 G (21.4%)和489 T (28.9%)。将紫杉烷7β-羟基化酶基因全长序列与细胞色素P450基因家族的其它三个成员进行比对,发现它与紫杉烷2α-羟基化酶基因、紫杉烷10β-羟基化酶基因及紫杉烷13α-羟基化酶基因的一致性分别为74%、68%及76%。它们的外显子和内含子的连接区均具保守的GT-AG结构,内含子区的变异性明显高于外显子区。进一步以红豆杉属的13个紫杉烷羟基化酶基因家族成员为对象,利用位点间可变ω(非同义替换率dN和同义替换率dS的比值) 模型对该基因家族的适应性进化进行分析。分支模型、位点模型以及分支－位点模型的分析表明：紫杉烷羟基化酶基因家族的少数分支处于正选择压力下(ω>1),但未检测到正选择位点;而绝大部分位点受强烈的负选择作用(ω<1)。     

Drosophila nurse cells produce a posterior signal required for embryonic segmentation and polarity

The segmental pattern of insect embryos depends on influences from morphogenetic centres near each of the egg poles. In Drosophila, maternal effect mutations are known that impair the normal function of each centre. Injection of wild-type cytoplasm into mutant eggs has revealed that morphogenetic signals localized at the anterior and posterior pole of eggs can be transplanted. We show here that these activities can also be detected during oogenesis. Posterior activity can be recovered at an early stage (stage 10, ref. 5) from the oocyte-nurse cell complex, but anterior activity can only be detected in the mature oocytes (stage 14). We conclude that the bicoid-dependent anterior signal, although produced by the nurse cells, does not become active before it is localized to the anterior egg pole, whereas posterior activity can be detected in the nurse cells before, and therefore independently of, its localization to the posterior egg pole.     

An exceptionally well-preserved fossil Kalligrammatid from the Jehol Biota

A new species of Neuroptera, Sophogramma lii sp. nov. is described and illustrated in this paper. This new species is assigned to Sophogramma Ren of Kalligrammatidae, mainly based on its humeral recurrent veins, the basal cell present between posterior branch of media at base of wing, etc. The new species is distinguished from all other Sophogramma species on the difference of wing venation. This exceptionally well-preserved specimen is recovered from the Yixian Formation, Huangbanjigou, located near Beipiao City, in western Liaoning Province. The genus diagnosis has been emended based on new characters shown in this new species. Based on a summary of localities, distribution and geological ages of all genera and species of the Kalligrammatidae, we suggest that Kalligrammatids might have originated in Eastern Asia, especially in China. Function of the wing pigmentation is discussed briefly. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30430100 and 40872022), Beijing Natural Science Foundation Program (Grant No. 5082002), Scientific Research Key Program (Grant No. KZ200910028005) and PHR Project of of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education, Science-Technology Basic Condition Platform from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. 2005DKA21402)     

赵修复窄腹细蜂新属种记述(膜翅目:窄腹细蜂科)

庆贺赵修复教授八旬华诞和教学与科研六十年,特描记窄腹细蜂科(Roproniidae)的一个新属种命名为赵修复窄腹细蜂Hsiufuropronia chaoi Yang作为纪念,模式标本保存在北京农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

杜氏藻Dunaliellapeircei超微结构研究

两类糖蛋白纤维构成了Dunaliella peirces的细胞外被,鞭毛和基本分别为“9+2”和“9+0”结构,首次发现的中心粒由9个三联体组成,高尔基体1～2个,眼点位于细胞质中,由二排椭圆形小球构成,内质网丰富,线粒体形状多样,在“杯形”叶绿体中发现了雏形的基粒及“杯”上的小孔,叶绿体前端凹凸不平,后端具大型淀粉核一个,细胞核位于“杯形”叶绿体的凹窝中。     

Z字型叠加褶皱

在东秦岭前寒武系变质岩中,发育了许多Z字型叠加褶皱。它们是由近直立的片麻岩和长英质脉形成的。不同于兰姆赛分类中的叠加褶皱。本文主要讨论它的形成条件、形态特征和叠加样式。