Optimization of flue gas convective heat transfer with condensation in a rectangular channel

Conservation equations of sensible entarnsy and latent entransy are established for flue gas convective heat transfer with condensation in a rectangular channel and the entransy dissipation expression is deduced. The field synergy equation is obtained on the basis of the extremum entransy dissipation principle for flue gas convective heat transfer with condensation. The optimal velocity field is numerically obtained by solving the field synergy equation. The results show that the optimal velocity field has multiple longitudinal vortices, which improve the synergy not only between the veloctiy and temperature fields but also between the velocity and vapor concentration fields. Therefore, the convective heat and mass transfers are significantly enhanced. Flow with multiple longitudinal vortices close to the optimal velocity field can be generated by discrete double-inclined ribs set in the rectangular channel. The numerical results show that the total heat transfer rate in the discrete double-inclined rib channel increases by 29.02% and the condensing heat transfer rate increases by 27.46% for Re = 600 compared with the plain channel.     

纵向涡强化片式散热器换热性能的数值分析

为提高油浸式变压器用片式散热器的综合换热性能,在散热器空气侧安装新型六边形翼涡流发生器,通过数值模拟研究涡流发生器的纵向间距、攻角以及形状对片式散热器换热性能的影响,并运用场协同原理从速度场和温度场相协同的角度阐述纵向涡强化换热的机理。结果表明：同等面积下六边形翼的阻力因子较矩形翼有所增大,但其努塞尔数的提高更加显著;当六边形翼C涡流发生器布置间距为60 mm、攻角45°时,速度矢量与热流矢量间的夹角最小,速度场和温度梯度场协同性最好,散热器综合换热性能最佳,比普通片式散热器的综合换热性能提高26.52%。     

Optimization of flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube

Conservation equations for sensible and latent entransy are established for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube, and the entransy dissipation expression is deduced. The field synergy equation is obtained on the basis of the extremum entransy dissipation principle for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation. The optimal velocity field is numerically obtained by solving the field synergy equation. The results show that the optimal velocity field contains multiple longitudinal vortices near the tube surface. These improve the synergy not only between the velocity and temperature fields but also between the velocity and vapor concentration fields. Therefore, the turbulent heat and mass transfers are significantly enhanced.     

低速下空气横掠翅片管换热规律的数值研究

用三维适体坐标的网格生成技术对翅片管散热器进行了低速下流动和换热的数值模拟，得到了流速与换热系数的关系，以及不同流速下翅片管流动与换热的温度场、速度场和速度与温度梯度的夹角场，并首次利用场协同原理进行了分析。结果表明：当流速很低时，速度与换热系数几乎成线性变化，场的协同性很好；随着速度的增加，场的协同性变差，换热系数随速度增加的程度减弱。     

强化能量传输与转换过程-场协同与控制

给出了对流换热中速度场与温度场协同的一般公式并推广到湍流情况，阐明了强化对流热传输的物理机制。将场协同原理扩展到经典物理学与近代物理学中，并以实例说明场协同原理是强化能量传递与转换过程的一般原理。     

开缝翅片流动和传热性能的实验研究及数值模拟

对2排X型双向开缝翅片管换热器空气侧的传热及阻力性能进行了实验研究, 在实验的 Re范围内得出了传热和阻力的性能关联式及特性曲线.比较得出,开缝翅片的传热性能远高于平直翅片,与单向开缝翅片相比,X型双向开缝翅片的性能更好.通过数值模拟得出了 X型双向开缝翅片的效率计算曲线.应用场协同原理,对数值模拟得到的气流在2片翅片之间的温度场、速度场、对流换热系数及压降在流动方向上的沿程变化进行了分析.结果表明,开缝翅片有效强化传热的根本原因是翅片开缝后改善了速度和温度梯度的协同性.     

场协同原理强化管外降膜吸收传热特性实验研究

对基于场协同原理设计的两种强化传热管型进行了LiBr降膜吸收水蒸气过程的传热实验研究,并与光滑铜管作比较,考查该传热管型在吸收过程中的强化作用.实验测量参数包括;溶液进出口温度、浓度,流量,冷却水进出口温度、流量等.实验结果表明,两种强化传热管型在低雷诺数时对LiBr降膜吸收传热的强化比分别为20%和50%,而且随着雷诺数的增大而增大.利用场协同理论和降液膜流动的波动特性分析了强化降膜吸收过程传热特性的物理机制,发现速度矢量与温度梯度的夹角及降液膜厚度形成的阻力对对流换热有一定影响.     

Fluid flow field synergy principle and its application to drag reduction

The concept of field synergy for fluid flow is introduced, which refers to the synergy of the velocity field and the velocity gradient field in an entire flow domain. Analyses show that the flow drag depends not only on the velocity and the velocity gradient fields but also on their synergy. The principle of minimum dissipation of mechanical energy is developed, which may be stated as follows： the worse the synergy between the velocity and velocity gradient fields is, the smaller the resistance becomes. Furthermore, based on the principle of minimum dissipation of mechanical energy together with conservation equations, a field synergy equation with a set of specified constraints has been established for optimizing flow processes. The optimal flow field can be obtained by solving the field synergy equation, which leads to the minimum resistance to fluid flow in the fixed flow domain. Finally, as an example, the field synergy analysis for duct flow with two parallel branches is presented. The optimized velocity distributor nearby the fork, which was designed based on the principle of minimum dissipation of mechanical energy, may reduce the drag of duct flow with two parallel branches.     

高强化活塞内冷油腔振荡传热特性的场协同分析

为研究高强化活塞内冷油腔振荡强化传热机理,应用场协同理论对活塞内冷油腔中机油的振荡流动与传热过程进行分析.采用CFD软件Fluent模拟椭圆形油腔和水滴形油腔内机油的速度场、温度场的分布,得到2种结构油腔的平均场协同数和协同角余弦值在不同工况下的变化规律.结果表明,场协同理论能够很好地解释活塞内冷油腔的振荡强化传热性能...     

Physical quantity synergy in laminar flow field of convective heat transfer and analysis of heat transfer enhancement

Based on the principle of field synergy for heat transfer enhancement, the concept of physical quantity synergy in the laminar flow field is proposed in the present study according to the physical mechanism of convective heat transfer between fluid and tube wall. The synergy regulation among physical quantities of fluid particle is revealed by establishing formulas reflecting the relation between synergy angles and heat transfer enhancement. The physical nature of enhancing heat transfer and reducing flow resistance, which is directly associated with synergy angles α,β,γ,φ,θ and ψ; is also explained. Besides, the principle of synergy among physical quantities is numerically verified by the calculation of heat transfer and flow in a thin cylinder-interpolated tube, which may guide the optimum design for better heat transfer unit and high-efficiency heat exchanger.     

新型强化传热螺杆结构传热性能数值研究及场协同分析

利用CFD软件fluent对普通螺杆结构和新型强化传热螺杆结构在塑化计量段中的三维非等温流场进行数值模拟,研究两种结构流道内熔体的速度场、轴向和径向温度场、对流传热系数及场协同角的不同。结果表明：在塑化过程中,新型强化传热结构存在着径向的对流传质过程,加强了径向的对流传热,因此有较好的径向温度分布;新型结构较普通螺杆结构有较高的对流换热系数和较好的场协同性,从而加强了螺杆的对流传热。     

Physical quantity synergy in the field of turbulent heat transfer and its analysis for heat transfer enhancement

Based on the principle of physical quantity synergy in the field of laminar heat transfer, and according to the models of zero equation and k-ε two equations for the turbulent flow, the synergy equations for both energy and momentum conservation in the turbulent heat transfer are established. The synergy regulation among heat flux, mass flow and fluid driving force, and the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement it reflects are revealed. The synergy principle of physical quantity in the thermal flow field is extended from laminar flow to turbulent flow. The principle is verified to be universal by the calculation of heat transfer enhancement in a tube with an insert of helical twisted tape. Thus, corresponding to the synergy relation among physical quantities in the turbulent flow field, the performance of convective heat transfer and flow resistance for the tubes with different heat transfer components and surface can be compared through theoretical and computational analysis, which thereby provides a guidance for designing heat transfer units and heat exchangers.     

强化对流传质的物理机制及其控制

根据对流传质强度与流体中存在的各种内场及其外场的关系，阐明了降低浓度边界层厚度、增加流体扰动和增加近壁面速度梯度的强化对流传质方法的物理机制，其本质是控制流体中内场及其外场之间的相互协同。进一步给出了强化传质场协同控制方法，以此可指导发展强化对流传质单元的新方法。     

后置客车发动机舱温度场试验

针对后置客车发动机冷却系统散热不良的情况,通过客车道路试验实测了后置发动机舱空间各点温度分布情况,并分析了温度场分布的原因.对比了在不同车速下百公里油耗和发动机舱温度场分布的关系,分析温度场分布随车速变化的规律.指出在保证冷却系统冷却能力的情况下,冷却空气流量与散热器散热量成正比.并利用场协同理论,分析发动机舱内流场和传热特性,指出发动机舱内布置要减少涡流并尽量使温度梯度与流动方向一致.     

强化对流换热场协同唯象理论

根据现代热力学流与力的热力学线性唯象关系，导出了对流换热强度与流体中存在的各种内场及外场的关系，从唯象上阐明了降低热边界层厚度、增加流体优动和增加近壁面速度梯度的强化对流换热方法的物理机制。结果表明，强化对流换热的本质是控制内场和外场方向的协同，并从此可指导发展强化对流换热的新方法。     

锥形床亲和层析过程的场协同分析

为了对亲和层析过程的强化提供理论依据,应用非平衡热力学唯象理论,分析了该过程中温度场、化学势场及重力场等各种场之间的协同关系,以及各自场内不同分量之间的协同关系.得到了亲和层析过程的总熵变表达式,多场协同条件下质量通量和热量通量的唯象表达式以及相应的传质和传热系数.分析结果表明:重力场的存在,维持了体系的非平衡状态、保证了锥形床的稳定操作,避免了柱子堵塞及压密化.上流锥形床亲和层析在多场协同下,其传质、传热以及吸附反应相互影响,过程的最终传递方向将取决于各场之间综合作用的结果.     

转轮式全热回收器的数学模型与变工况性能分析

建立了转轮式全热回收器的数学模型,与现有文献对比验证了该模型的正确性,并利用此模型研究了迎面风速、新排风比、新风温度(含湿量不变或相对湿度不变)、新风含湿量的变化对转轮热回收效率的影响.结果表明,随迎面风速的增大,转轮的显热效率、潜热效率与全热效率均降低;随排风量与新风量之比增大,或新风温度的升高(相对湿度不变时),转轮的显热效率、潜热效率与全热效率均增大;随新风温度的升高(含湿量不变时),转轮的显热效率增大,潜热效率与全热效率降低;随新风含湿量增大,转轮的显热效率不变,潜热效率与全热效率升高.     

场协同原理在强化换热与脉管制冷机性能改进中的应用(上)

简要地介绍了场协同原理的基本思想，综述了文献中应用数值分析方法讨论场协同原理在强化单相对流换热分析中的应用情况，说明场协同原理可以将现有文献中关于强化单相对流换热的3种说法统一起来，因而是强化单相对流换热的统一理论。     

不同倾斜角新型板式换热器特性及场协同原理分析

通过三维CFD数值模拟软件ANSYS-CFX模拟分析一种新型波纹板式换热器——复合人字形板式换热器,分析其倾斜角β为20°～70°的传热和阻力特性,并对不同倾斜角的复合人字形板片进行场协同理论分析。数值计算结果表明:在β=60°时复合人字形板式换热器比普通人字形板式换热器的摩擦阻力系数低8%左右,综合性能提高25%左右;β=20°时速度场、温度场和压力场协同最好。     

Application of a multi-field synergy principle in the performance evaluation of convective heat transfer enhancement in a tube

For laminar and turbulent convective heat transfer, the synergy among vectorial physical quantities of a fluid particle is analyzed to reveal the relation between the multi-field synergy mechanism and heat transfer enhancement. Additionally, the efficiency evaluation criterion (EEC) is proposed to evaluate the overall performance of heat transfer enhancement. Meanwhile, using synergy angles α,β,,γ and η, a unified evaluation system and corresponding evaluation indexes for heat transfer enhancement are suggested. A model of a heat-transfer-enhanced tube inserted with poles in a triangular configuration is built, and a corresponding numerical simulation is conducted to verify the proposed evaluation system and criterion. The calculation results show that there is correlation between synergy angles reflecting the direction of heat transfer enhancement and evaluation criterion reflecting the effect of heat transfer enhancement. In the Re number range of 300-1800, the performance evaluation criterion PEC lies in the range of 1.2-2.3, but the efficiency evaluation criterion EEC lies in the range of 0.33-0.45.