Sb4O5Cl2阻燃助剂的制备工艺

氯氧化锑Sb4O5Cl2同卤素配合，具有优异的阻燃协效性能．与三氧化二锑、锑酸钠等相比，它还能降低彩色塑料中的色料用量，对高聚物的透明性影响较小．直接以含锑复杂矿的氯化浸出液为原料，经还原后水解，再进一步除杂，从而制得高纯度、高白度的微细Sb4O5Cl2．实验结果表明提高水解搅拌速度可显著减小产品的粒径；混合溶液A(有机酸与无机酸的混合物)对水解产物有显著的除杂效果，能提高Sb4O5Cl2的白度，细化粉末，增强产品的光稳定性；经除杂处理后的微细粉末，平均粒径为4.35μm，白度为96.6，纯度为99.85%，产物颗粒为椭球形；本工艺简便易行，生产Sb4O5Cl2的成本比生产三氧化二锑、锑酸钠的成本低，具有广阔的工业应用前景．     

以高砷精炼铋烟尘为原料制备高纯氯氧化锑

以高砷精炼铋烟尘为原料,采用盐酸浸出、锑粉还原、水解、盐酸溶解、除杂、水解工艺制备高纯氯氧化锑。盐酸浸出高砷精炼铋烟尘,当盐酸溶液与精炼铋烟尘液固比为3：1、反应时间为4 h、反应温度为80℃、盐酸用量为1.2倍理论用量时,Sb,As,Bi和Pb浸出率分别为99.50％,92.79％,95.12％和85.34％;在盐酸浸出液中加入锑粉还原后水解,当水解温度为20℃、水解时间为1 h、稀释比为10：1时,Sb3+水解率达到98.25％;水解产物经盐酸溶解后加入除杂剂,反应1 h后进行二次水解,经过滤、洗涤、烘干所得产品;产品中Sb质量分数达到75.71％,而杂质As,Pb和Bi的质量分数分别为0.081 9％,0.039 2％和0.118 7％。产品为粒度均匀的菱形颗粒,其化学式为SB4O5Cl2。     

铅碱性精炼废渣制取三氧化二锑

研究了脆硫锑铅矿精矿与铅碱性精炼废渣同时浸出制取三氧化二锑的工艺流程,得出了浸出、还原、水解、中和等过程的最优工艺条件.该工艺的技术特点是在浸出过程中,铅碱性精炼锑酸钠渣与脆硫锑铅矿精矿互作氧化剂和还原剂.实验结果表明浸出过程中Sb浸出率为94.56%,Pb入渣率为97.43%,很好地实现了Sb与Pb的分离;浸出液经还原后,冲稀水解率达99.55%;经碱液中和,得到的三氧化二锑颜色呈白色,且其化学成分平均含量中,Sb2 O3为97.69%,As为0.0055%,Pb为0.0034%,As和Pb含量低,在用等离子体法制取超细氧化锑时可作为原料.该工艺具有综合利用程度高、环境污染小、易于实现工业化生产等优点,对于铅碱性精炼废渣的资源化利用,消除因其堆存造成的环境污染,具有十分重要的意义.     

氯氧化锑与三氧化二锑的阻燃应用性能

氯氧化锑(SbOCl,Sb4O5Cl2)的阻燃性能优异,为推广其工业应用,研究了氯氧化锑在不同材料中的阻燃性能及相关性能,并与常用的Sb2O3性能进行了比较.在软质PVC,PE,PP和ABS等高聚物中,与含Cl和Br的化合物配合使用,SbOCl和Sb4O5Cl2的协同阻燃性能都优于超细Sb2O3,且SbOCl的阻燃性能最优.添加SbOCl和Sb4O5Cl2时,材料的发烟量比添加超细Sb2O3的少.研究结果表明与添加Sb2O3的PVC薄膜透光率相比,添加SbOCl的PVC薄膜透光率要高1.0～1.2倍,添加Sb4O5Cl2的要高出0.3～0.5倍;SbOCl和Sb4O5Cl2晶体的折光率分别为1.69和1.74,表明阻燃剂的折光率与高聚物的折光率越接近,其对高聚物的透光率的影响就越小;用SbOCl和Sb4O5Cl2代替超细Sb2O3后,70℃绝缘阻燃PVC电缆料制品的各项指标均符合国家标准GB8815-88,表明SbOCl和Sb4O5Cl2可以替代超细Sb2O3作为该PVC电缆料中的阻燃添加剂.     

辉锑矿直接制备焦锑酸钠

焦锑酸钠又称酸性焦锑酸钠或锑酸钠等,其组成为Na2H2Sb2O7·XH2O（X＝0~6）,Sb的质量百分数为47．1％－60．3％。焦锑酸钠在工业上主要用于高级玻璃、光学玻璃、电视机显像管玻璃和搪瓷、陶瓷制作时的消泡剂、澄清剂、增白剂以及阻燃剂、难燃剂;是钢材用抗酸漆的重要成分及铸件用漆的不透明填料;还用作离子交换体等。多年来,国内外生产焦锑酸钠的方法大都是采用金属Sb或Sbo。为原料,以火法氧化熔炼或湿法氧化制取。本工艺以辉锑矿直接合成焦锑酸钠,获得满意的结果。该法工艺操作易于掌握控制,无严重腐蚀,无污染物排放,产品质…     

在油酸钠分散体系中用平炉尘制备超细Fe3O4

包头钢铁公司的平炉尘含铁量高．粒径微细，以γ-Fe2O3为主．经过提纯分级可以作为生产超细磁性材料的原料．研究了平炉尘在油酸钠分散条件下制备超细Fe3O4．结果表明．加入表面活性剂可以降低超微粒子的表面能，减少其团聚倾向．得到粒径更细且均匀的超细Fe3O4粉末．     

溶胶-凝胶法制备SnP_2O_7粉体

为简化SnP2O7的制备工艺,以SnCl4·5H2O和H3PO4为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备SnP2O7材料.经粒度分析粒径对凝胶与磷酸反应的影响;采用X-射线衍射和扫描电镜对SnP2O7粉末进行形貌和微观组织结构分析.结果表明,原料配比n(H3PO4): n (SnCl4)=1: 0.5,在850℃制备的SnP2O7粉末颗粒细小且颗粒尺寸较均匀,平均粒径在330nm左右.     

铅锑复合渣于低温真空蒸发直接制备纳米Sb2O3

以铅锑复合渣为原料,用低温真空蒸发法直接制备纳米Sb2O3.通过XRD、激光粒度仪、SEM和白度仪分别对Sb2O3的结构、形貌、粒度和白度进行表征,探讨温度、残压、时间等对Sb的蒸发率以及Sb2O3的纯度、白度和粒度的影响.研究结果表明：在温度为893 K、残压为250 Pa和时间为2 h的条件下,纳米Sb2O3具有立方晶型,其平均颗粒粒度为72 nm,比表面积为15.5 m^2/g,白度为90.0%,纯度为98.50%.     

超细焦锑酸钠的制备及粒度调控

以Sb_2O_3为原料,采用配合氧化法制备超细焦锑酸钠。采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光粒度分析对焦锑酸钠的结构、形貌和粒度进行表征,并对焦锑酸钠成分进行分析。研究搅拌速度、酒石酸(C_4H_6O_6)和氯化钠(Na Cl)用量以及浆化反应时间对焦锑酸钠粒度的影响。研究结果表明:在浆化阶段加入酒石酸将Sb_2O_3溶解生成配合物,再在碱性条件氧化可显著抑制焦锑酸钠颗粒的长大速度,颗粒粒度从39.62μm降至2.61μm,形貌由四方转变为球形颗粒。焦锑酸钠晶体生长存在沉淀-溶解动态平衡。在搅拌速度为400 r/min,物质的量比即n(C_4H_6O_6):n(Na Cl):n(Sb_2O_3)=5:12:1,浆化反应时间为120 min的条件下,可得到平均粒度为2μm左右,晶形完整的焦锑酸钠产品,锑质量分数为49.02%,纯度大于99%。     

NiZnCu铁氧体纳米粉末的红外特征及磁性能

采用PEG溶胶-凝胶法制备Ni1-xZnxFe2O4,Ni0.65-xZn0.35CuxFe2O4纳米粉末,在不同温度下进行热处理,测定其磁性能;对NiFe2O4纳米粉末,测定XRD谱、TG-DTA曲线和红外吸收光谱,分析其物理、化学过程;测定其红外漫反射谱,分析其红外特征.结果表明,凝胶自燃烧后有机物已全部去掉;200-600℃之间的热处理对粉末的长大和晶化过程的影响,并不表现明显的差异;800℃处理后,晶化程度增强,粉末粒径也显著增大;红外漫反射谱可以较好地反映粉末的尺寸效应和形态效应,粉末粒径越小,漫反射函数值越大;铁氧体纳米粉末的磁性能与热处理温度、化学组成、粉末的形态及粒径大小有着十分密切的关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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