迅速发展中的连续铸钢技术

近几年来连续铸钢技术发展很快,特殊钢厂也已广泛采用,国外新建的小钢厂几乎都是连铸的。本文介绍了连续铸钢生产中的几种新工艺如冷中间罐、钢流保护,电磁搅拌、压缩浇铸、多点矫直及铸坯浸水冷却等。对几种新型连铸机如离心式、水平式、轮式、小间距多流方坯连铸机及一机多流连铸机等作了述评。还介绍了铸坯的在线轧制、分条轧制及改型轧制等新的工艺流程。最后回顾了连续铸钢技术的发展过程,提出了我国连铸技术工作者的任务。     

大方坯凝固坯壳厚度的测定

为确定凝固末端电磁搅拌位置和二冷制度的优化提供可靠的依据,利用"射钉法"对某钢厂大方坯典型钢种42CrMo和GCr15在工作拉速下凝固坯壳的厚度进行了测定。根据凝固理论计算铸坯综合凝固系数,测定出连铸机二冷区域凝固坯壳的厚度及凝固终点的位置,获得了凝固终点位置及凝固系数和拉速的关系。结果表明:铸机拉速0.45～0.5m/min时,42CrMo二冷区综合凝固系数为25.34～26.44mm/min1/2,液相穴长度19～23 m;铸机拉速0.42～0.45 m/min时,GCr15二冷区综合凝固系数为25.24～26.45mm/min1/2,液相穴长度18～21m。同时,验证了二级专家系统的准确性。     

武钢板坯连铸凝固规律的研究

结合武汉钢铁(集团)公司第二炼钢厂板坯连铸机实际生产情况,采用射钉法测量了不同钢种在二冷区内的凝固坯壳厚度.结果表明,铸坯宽度方向液相穴形状呈W形,1/4处凝固坯壳最薄;综合凝固系数控制在22.38～25.43 mm/min1/2,铸坯液芯长度为20.88～22.35 m,铸坯凝固末端位于二冷段八区;钢种、拉速和冷却制度等因素对板坯凝固过程有影响.     

山西省科技情报研究所馆藏文献文摘

矿业·金属·冶金TG335.64 52 1HRB40 0小规格热轧带肋钢筋的试制与开发　 [刊 ] /黄肇信… (青岛钢铁(集团 )公司技术中心 ) / /轧钢—— 2 0 0 1 .1 8(5) .2 5～ 2 7采用 2 5t氧气顶吹转炉冶炼、钢包底吹氩搅拦 ,选用 Nb作为微合金元素 ,用 R5m连铸机生产 1 1 0 mm× 1 1 0 mm方坯 ,用高速线材轧机轧制 ,合理选用辊环材质 ,完全可生产出合格的 HRB40 0小规格钢筋。　　表 3　参 2TF777 52 2H1 3热作模具钢圆铸坯的水平连铸工艺　 [刊 ] /王富国… (北满特殊钢股份有限公司 ) / /特殊钢—— 2 0 0 1 .2 2 (5) .50～ 51应根据钢种性能…     

二维数学模型在研究小方坯连铸二冷工艺方面的应用

本文提出了模拟连铸小方坯凝固的二维数学模型,并验证了它是符合R5.25连铸机小方坯生产实际的。本文以某厂R5.25小方坯连铸机为例计算了不同操作因素(拉速,比水量,浇注温度等)对连铸小方坯凝固的影响,并给出了影响关系的图表。本文通过计算指出:比水量是影响铸坯表面温度的主要因素。对液芯深度影响较小,而拉速是影响液芯深度的主要因素。最后,提出了150~2mm小方坯生产合理二冷工艺的建议,并给出了120~2mm小方坯连俦时过热度与拉速的关系图。     

电磁搅拌提高铸坯等轴晶比率的数值模拟

采用单侧线性电磁搅拌技术进行了铸坯的静态浇铸实验,并对电磁搅拌过程中的电磁场和流场进行了数值模拟,确定了实验条件下获得全等轴晶铸坯的电磁搅拌参数·结果表明,在本实验条件下,当最大电磁搅拌强度为1414AHz,钢液中的最大电磁力及最大流动速度分别达到6386N/m3和022m/s时,获得了等轴晶比率几乎为100%的铸坯·     

连铸方坯动态轻压下位置

为准确确定铸坯凝固末端的位置,合理选择压下区域,为实施动态轻压下提供有效技术手段,利用数值模拟方法计算某炼钢厂2#铸机连铸方坯中温度场,用传热模型分析了45#钢在某工艺下的铸坯温度分布图.固相率0.3为轻压下初始点,压下区间总长度为10 m且拉速0.76 m/min时的压下量为0.7 mm/m.     

连铸方坯动态轻压下位置

为准确确定铸坯凝固末端的位置,合理选择压下区域,为实施动态轻压下提供有效技术手段,利用数值模拟方法计算某炼钢厂2#铸机连铸方坯中温度场,用传热模型分析了45#钢在某工艺下的铸坯温度分布图。固相率0.3为轻压下初始点,压下区间总长度为10 m且拉速0.76 m/min时的压下量为0.7 mm/m。     

结晶器内钢水自旋转搅拌数值模拟与实验研究

本文应用粘性流体力学的基本原理 ,就结晶器内钢水流动、凝固传热和温度场进行了三维耦合数值分析研究。应用作者所开发的能使结晶器内钢水自旋转的“x”形浸入式水口 ,通过对A钢铁公司一炼钢的Q2 35、12MnCu和 16Mn小方坯 (135mm× 135mm和 16 5mm× 16 5mm)工业实验研究 ,证明该方法有利于改善铸坯组织。     

连铸坯截面尺寸对流动、凝固及溶质分布的影响

采用方坯连铸过程三维紊流、凝固传热及溶质传输的耦合模型,在其他模拟条件相同的情况下,研究铸坯截面尺寸对连铸过程的影响·结果表明,截面尺寸大者,入流速度大,更深浸入铸坯内部,带动较多钢液随之流动,在结晶器上部的紊流程度较高·对于FeC二元合金,由温度和溶质浓度共同决定了凝固坯壳的分布·小截面尺寸铸坯,溶质在各截面上偏析更为严重·其凝固坯壳也较薄,为防止拉漏,应采用长结晶器     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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