Th-rich zircon from peralka line A-type granite： Mineralogical features and petrological implications

Zircon is one of the most common accessory minerals in igneous rocks, especially in granites. It exists through the crystallization and evolution of grantic magma be-cause of stable physicochemical properties. Trace element abundances (e.g. Hf, Th, U, Y) in zircon are very sensitive to the crystallization environments[1]. Therefore, zircon plays an important role in the granite research. However, although A-type granites are given more and more regards by the geologists owing to their charac…     

Timing of hydrothermal activity associated with the Douzhashan uranium-bearing granite and its significance for uranium mineralization in northeastern Guangxi, China

The Miaoershan uranium(U)ore field in northeastern Guangxi is one of the important granite-related U deposits in south China and is closely related to the Douzhashan U-bearing granite.The Douzhashan granite contains primary U-rich accessory minerals,including monazite(UO2=0.98-1.75 wt%)and xenotime(UO2=1.48-6.14 wt%).Primary monazite and xenotime yield chemical ages of 231±28 Ma and 230±38 Ma by electron microprobe analysis and U-Pb isotopic ages of 220±6 Ma and 211±7 Ma by laser ablation-inductively coupled-mass spectrometry respectively.These ages demonstrate that the Douzhashan granite formed during the period of Indosinian magmatic activity.Back scattered electron imaging shows that monazite and xenotime are commonly altered to assemblages of low-U synchisite and apatite,which was associated with loss of U to hydrothermal fluids.U-Th-Pb analyses of secondary apatite yielded a chemical age of 136±17 Ma,which corresponds to the timing of Cretaceous-Tertiary crustal extension in south China.We suggest that the heat and CO2required for mineralization was the result of Yanshanian crustal extension,and that this triggered the breakdown of U-rich accessory minerals in the Douzhashan U-bearing granite.Uranium remobilization from the Douzhashan granite provided materials for mineralization within the granite and/or surrounding country rocks.Therefore,a combination of Indosinian compression and Yanshanian extensional overprint produced the hydrothermal U deposits associated with the Douzhashan granite.     

相山高分异A型花岗岩的识别及地质意义

传统地球化学判别图解能够较好地区分I-S-M-A花岗岩岩石成因类型,但对于高分异花岗岩的判别并不可靠.相山火山侵入杂岩岩石成因一直存在S型和A型的争议,高度分离结晶作用可能是导致这一争议的原因所在.系统收集了相山火山侵入杂岩相关地球化学数据,进行了高分异花岗岩的地球化学判别及岩石成因类型的判别.结果表明,相山火山侵入杂...     

Oxygen isotope evidence for two-stage water-rock interactions of the Nianzishan A-type granite in NE China

The oxygen isotope ratios of whole-rock, common rock-forming minerals and zircon from Mesozoic A-type granitic pluton at Nianzishan in northeastern China were analyzed by the conventional BrF5 method and the laser-probe technique, respectively. Both whole-rock and rock-forming minerals show large δ18O variations up to 5.5%. with significant oxygen isotope disequilibrium between zircon and the other minerals, whereas the δ18O values of zircon are tightly clustered between 3.12%. and 4.19%. and thus lower than the normal-mantle δ18O values. These results indicate that the Nianzishan A-type granite experienced two-stage water-rock interactions subsequentially. The remarkably low zircon δ18O values are genetically due to sea-water exchange with granite protolith in the first stage, and the oxygen isotope disequilibrium fractionations between zircon and rock-forming minerals are caused by meteoric-hydro thermal alteration in the second stage. It is inferred that the 18O-depleted A-type granitic magma was derived from partial melting of subducted lower oceanic crust which was isotopically exchanged with seawater at high temperatures. In the process of granite emplacement into the upper crust, meteoric-hydrothermal circulation was triggered to overprint crystallizing granite under subsolidus conditions.     

Emplacement age and tectonic implications of the Xilinhot A-type granite in Inner Mongolia,China

A new rock type of granite, approximate 45 km^2 in area and located about I0 km south of Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, was found in the Sunitezuoqi (or called Suzuoqi)-Xilinhot tectonic belt and identified as an A-type miarolitic intrusion. The pluton has miarolitic structure and is composed chiefly of perthite, quartz, euhedral albite and potassium feldspar. Various types of textures occur in the pluton, such as perthitie, graphic and myrmekite textures. Only quartz is found in miarolitic cavity. This A-type granite with seagull-shaped REE patterns and obvious negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.24--0.28) is high in SiO2 (76%--77%), K and Na (Na2O K2O=7.75%--8.15%) and low in Ca(CaO=0.20%--0.22%), Fe and Mg. Both petrographical observations and chemical compositions indicate that it is an A-type granite. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb analyses indicate that this A-type granite was emplaced at 276 2 Ma and coeval with the same type of granites in the adjacent areas. Therefore, it suggests that this pluton was likely formed in a post-orogenic extensional setting and probably related to break-off of subducted slabs in Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which indicate that the Sunitezuoqi-Xilinhot belt was tectonically evolved into post-orogenic stage since early Permian.     

Primary Sn-rich titianite in the Qitianling granite, Hunan Province, southern China: An important type of tin-bearing mineral and its implications for tin exploration

The Qitianling calc-alkaline granite in Hunan Province (South China) has attracted much attention since the discovery of the Furong super-large tin deposit. The present study provides new mineralogical data to address their implications for exploration of tin deposits. In the Taoxiwo granite in the southeastern part of the Qitianling granite body, Sn-rich titanite was identified as an important type of Sn-bearing mineral. The titanite commonly occurs with biotite as euhedral crystals, exhibiting typical envelope-like shape and sector-zoning texture. These indicate that the titanite most likely crystallized in the magmatic stage. Electron-microprobe analyses show that the titanite is enriched in tin up to 1.12 wt% SnO₂, with an average of 0.43 wt%. With the crystallization of the granite, primary minerals undertook hydrothermal alteration by magma-derived fluids. Subsequently, in the hydrothermal stage, the primary Sn-bearing titanite was altered (at least partially), but still preserved its typical envelope-shaped outline. Micro-scale cassiterite is a representative product of such alteration; other secondary minerals include fluorite, ilmenite, Sn-bearing rutile and quartz. Therefore, the titanite, commonly present in the calcalkaline granites, can be treated as an important Sn-carrying mineral in the Qitianling granite, reflecting the primary magmatic environment with tin enrichment. The hydrothermal alteration of the primary titanite and subsequent crystallization of cassiterite recorded a process of leaching and accumulation of tin in magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Sn-bearing granite. Thus, this titanite has important implications for tin exploration. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40730423 and 40221301) and Project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 1212010632100)     

四川巴塘县夏塞银多金属矿床特征

夏塞银矿位于川西义敦岛弧造山带燕山晚期绒依措花岗岩体外接触带浅变质岩中,是一个超大型的中低温热液脉型银多金属矿床.通过对该矿床的地质、矿石矿物、流体包裹体与同位素地球化学等进行系统的研究表明,矿体产出严格受断层破碎带控制,矿体主要为脉状、透镜状和浸染状;容矿岩石为上三叠统图姆沟组的浅变质砂岩、粉砂岩和板岩;金属矿物主要有方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、银矿物和硫盐矿物等,脉石矿物为石英、方解石、绢云母、绿泥石等;成矿作用可划分为三期四个阶段;成矿物质来源于围岩和花岗岩,矿床为燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期岩浆期后成矿流体浅成中低温热液充填交代矿床.     

Dual origins of Xiaoqinling gold-bearing quartz veins: Fluid inclusion evidence

Fluid inclusion research in Archean metamorphic rocks, Yanshanian granite and gold-bearing quartz veins shows that regional metamorphic fluids are high temperature and high saline, Yanshanian post-granitic fluids are CO₂-bearing low saline, and ore-forming fluids are also CO₂-rich low saline. In gold-barren/free parts of quartz veins in gold deposits, daughter mineral-bearing high saline inclusions retated with metamorphic fluids remained. This proclaims quartz veins hosting gold ores might have been formed in early metamorphism, and overlapped or mineralized by late Yanshanian gold-bearing fluids.     

内蒙古大苏计斑岩型钼矿赋矿岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征研究

为研究内蒙古大苏计斑岩型钼矿床赋矿岩体的形成年龄、地球化学特征及构造背景, 对3种岩体(石英斑岩、花岗斑岩和正长花岗岩)的样品进行锆石U-Pb定年和主量元素、微量元素分析。结果显示, 石英斑岩、正长花岗岩和花岗斑岩分别形成于231, 227和225 Ma, 为印支期产物。3种岩体属于高钾钙碱性−钾玄质系列, 为高分异的I型花岗岩。岩石组合特征与区域地质背景揭示, 大苏计地区在印支期处于伸展环境, 软流圈上涌导致不同深度的地壳发生部分熔融作用, 产生与大苏计斑岩型钼矿成矿相关的母岩浆。这些母岩浆向上运移过程中萃取前中生代形成的矿源层中的成矿元素, 并在结晶分异过程中不断地富集钼元素, 当岩浆挥发分达到过饱和时发生流体相与熔体相的分离, 钼进入流体相。岩浆热液沿裂隙充填, 在演化过程中发生沸腾作用, 导致大量钼和石英沉淀, 形成大苏计钼矿床。     

内蒙古林西三叠纪花岗岩中黑云母地球化学特征及成岩意义

关于内蒙古林西地区早中生代岩浆岩产出的构造背景尚有争议。作者选择林西地区早三叠世新林镇花岗闪长岩和晚三叠世四力本黑云母花岗岩为研究对象,在岩相学研究的基础上,利用电子探针对花岗岩中黑云母的化学成分进行分析,探讨岩石成因和成岩大地构造背景。研究表明:新林镇花岗闪长岩中的黑云母为镁质黑云母,四力本黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母为铁叶黑云母,总体均显示富铁(TFeO质量分数为22.81%~36.65%)、贫镁(MgO质量分数为2.44%~10.56%)的特征。新林镇花岗闪长岩成岩温度为785~805℃,压力为5.39~8.88MPa,lgfO_2为-13.2~-13.8,属造山带钙碱性花岗岩;岩浆物质以壳源为主,兼具幔源特征,形成于早三叠世碰撞造山阶段。四力本黑云母花岗岩成岩温度为690~710℃,lgfO_2为-16.3~-17.1,为非造山带碱性花岗岩;花岗岩的物源以壳源为主,形成于晚三叠世造山期后的演化阶段。早三叠世林西地区处于强烈的接触碰撞阶段,在晚三叠世则进入造山期后的伸展演化阶段。     

与碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床成矿作用研究进展

综述与碳酸岩?碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床的基本特征和成矿作用研究进展。根据矿化特征, 该类矿床大体可以分为原生岩浆型和热液型, 前者稀土矿物是从碳酸岩岩浆中直接结晶出来, 矿化主要产于碳酸岩岩体中; 后者稀土矿物通常与方解石、萤石、重晶石、石英等矿物共生形成脉体, 穿插于碳酸岩杂岩体及围岩中, 或作为裂隙或空洞充填物, 或呈细粒多晶集合体叠加在碳酸岩中早期形成的矿物之上。以往的研究对于稀土富集成矿的主要机制是碳酸岩和硅酸岩岩浆的液态不混溶作用或碳酸岩岩浆中碳酸盐矿物的分离结晶作用, 还是岩浆期后热液蚀变或不混溶的碳酸岩质流体的萃取作用, 存在很大的争议; 同时,与稀土成矿相关的碳酸盐体系选择性地富集轻稀土, 该类矿床中很少见到重稀土矿物, 亦是有待解决的问题。因此, 加强稀土元素在富挥发份的碳酸岩熔体和碱性硅酸岩熔体或流体之间, 以及碳酸盐矿物及共沉淀相与碳酸岩熔体之间分配行为的高温高压实验研究, 将是揭示该类稀土矿床成因的关键。     

副矿物地球化学研究进展

副矿物广泛分布于各类火成岩、变质岩和沉积岩中,对寄主岩石的形成环境有很高的敏感度。以锆石、金红石和磷灰石为例,分别从结构特征、微量元素地球化学特征和同位素年代学等方面介绍副矿物地球化学的主要研究进展。锆石中U和Th的含量、Th/U值、Zr/Hf值等均与锆石成因类型有关,但共生矿物的存在和蜕晶化等因素可能会对这些微量元素产生影响,也可能导致不准确的同位素年龄结果。金红石以高Nb和Ta为特征,不同类型岩浆岩中Nb/Ta值差异较大,Cr-Nb二元判别图解也可以用来判断变质原岩类型。Mn2+、Eu2+、Sm3+、Dy3+、Er3+等微量元素会使磷灰石在受到阴极射线的激发下产生黄、绿或蓝色的光,因此磷灰石的发光特征可以反映其化学组成。不同类型岩石中的副矿物REEs的组成特征明显不同,说明受后期地质活动影响较弱的副矿物仍能精确指示其形成环境。由于锆石中的Ti和金红石中的Zr均是温度的函数,因此是重要的地质温度计,而榍石中的Zr对压力较敏感,常被用作地质压力计。锆石、金红石和磷灰石均为高铀矿物,均可进行U-Pb同位素定年,副矿物Sm-Nd、Lu-Hf也已逐渐成为常规定年法。热年代学得到快速发展以来,高-中-低温同位素体系与地质温度计和压力计的配套使用,不仅能够获取更准确的年龄值,还能提供更完整的地质体演化p-T-t曲线。副矿物地球化学将会更注重于尚未深入研究的其他副矿物在岩浆和高温变质过程中、在油气成藏演化的不同阶段中、在微生物活动影响下的内部结构和成分变化,新的同位素体系、纳米技术和精度更高的分析仪器等的发展会为副矿物研究带来更多突破。     

米仓山区碱性花岗岩的物质组分

古老的碱性花岗岩在地壳中较为罕见。分布在米仓山区的碱性花岗岩属晋宁期同源岩浆演化后期的产物，其岩石化学成分以富碱（Ｋ＿２Ｏ＋Ｎａ＿２Ｏ＞８．０％）为特征，且Ｎａ＿２Ｏ＞Ｋ＿２Ｏ；含多种稀土、稀有分散元素。副矿物种类繁多，人工重砂中重矿物达３２种之多。稀土、稀有分散元素赋存状态多样。详细研究其物质组成及其特征对深入探索区内岩浆演化规律、元素地球化学特征及其成矿作用具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

河北围场小扣花营锰银矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

小扣花营锰银矿床是一个浅成低温热液脉状矿床,主要物质成分为石英,碳酸盐和硫化物。     

Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope of Quanyishang A-type granite in Yichang: signification for the Yangtze continental cratonization in Paleoproterozoic

Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope, and major and trace element compositions were reported for granite at Quanyishang, which intruded into the Kongling complex in Yichang, Hubei Province. The results show that the Quanyishang granite is rich in silicon and alkalis but poor in calcium and magnesium, and displays enrichment in Ga, Y, Zr, Nb but depletion in Sr and Ba, exhibiting the post-orogenic A-type affinity. 90% zircons from the granite are concordant, and give a middle Paleoproterozoic magmatic crystallization age (mean 1854 Ma). Initial Hf isotope ratios (176Hf/177Hf)i of the middle Paleoproterozoic zircons range from 0.280863 to 0.281134 and they have negative eHf(t) values with a minimum of -26.3. These zircons give the depleted mantle model ages (TDM) of 2.9―3.3 Ga (mean 3.0 Ga), and the average crustal model ages (Tcrust) of 3.6―4.2 Ga (mean 3.8 Ga). A Mesoarchean grain with 207Pb/206Pb age of 2859 Ma has a slightly high TDM (3.4 Ga) but similar Tcrust (3.8 Ga) to the Paleoproterozoic zircons. All these data suggest that the source materials of the Quanyishang A-type granite are unusually old, at least ≥2.9 Ga (even Eoarchean). The event of crustal remelting, which resulted in the formation of the Quanyishang granite in the middle Paleoproterozoic, recorded the cratonization of the Yangtze conti-nent. The process may have relation to the extension and collapse of the deep crust with Archean ages, in response to the transition stage of the assembly and breakup of the Columbia supercontinent.     

粤北诸广山南部同构造花岗岩的厘定及其与铀成矿作用关系

粤北诸广山岩体为印支-燕山期形成的多期多阶段复式岩体,其南部发育浅层次热隆伸展构造。本文根据该岩体密下水地区出露岩性的宏观韧性变形与镜下微观证据、岩石学特征及构造年代学约束,认为区内燕山期花岗岩为同构造侵位岩体,能为区域热隆伸展构造的形成与演化提供可靠的年代学约束,可准确限定热隆伸展构造活动的时间下限。研究表明,区域热隆伸展运动启动于燕山早期(~160 Ma),较前人利用中基性侵入脉岩限定的时限提早了约20 Ma;区域铀成矿时代从早期(~150 Ma)至晚期(~40 Ma)与区域伸展构造活动的时间具有高度耦合性,揭示出区域热隆伸展构造的形成与演化过程对区域铀成矿具有控制作用;同时,该期同构造花岗岩与构造前花岗岩的接触带是早期高温铀成矿的有利部位。     

Emplacement age of the postorogenic A-type granites in Northwestern Lesser Xing’an Ranges, and its relationship to the eastward extension of Suolushan-Hegenshan-Zhalaite collisional suture zone

A great amount of alkali-feldspar and alkaline granites have been found around Nenjiang, Northwest Lesser Xing’an Ranges, but their forming ages have been a controversial subject due to the lack of reliable geological and isotopic geochronological evidence. The zircon U-Pb isotopic dating results conducted in this note indicate that these granites emplaced at 260—290 Ma, coeval with the late stage of Late Paleozoic. Studies of mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry show that they are post-orogenic A-type granites, and consist of the northeastern extension of huge belt of Late Paleozoic A-type granite along North Xinjiang- Southeast Mongolia-Central Inner Mongolia. Therefore, we can determine that the Suolunshan-Hegenshan-Zhalaite collisional suture zone extends northeastward to Heihe with the collision age of Carboniferous.     

花岗岩地区地下水溶质的形成机制探讨

通过对可寺省东部花岗岩地区水－土壤－岩石相互作用过程中地质地球化学特征的研究分析,阐明了花岗石地区地下水的水化学特征,并指出花岗岩工区地下水溶质主要来源于土壤与水的相互作用。     

洞庭盆地第四纪气候演变的沉积物地球化学记录

对洞庭盆地安乡凹陷东南部两护村ZKC1孔上新世末—第四纪沉积物的主量、微量和稀土元素以及粒度进行了分析,进而探讨洞庭盆地第四纪气候演变。曲线协变性及相关系数表明,ZKC1孔沉积物化学蚀变指数(CIA)与Cr、Ga、V、Nb、Be、Li、Sc、Th等微量元素含量呈明显的正相关。从陆相沉积物CIA及微量元素含量与温度和湿度正相关的概念出发,结合其他资料,重塑洞庭盆地第四纪气候演变过程:早更新世为冷干→暖湿→冷干→暖湿,中更新世为冷干→暖湿→冷干—温湿→暖湿,晚更新世为寒冷→温湿→寒冷,全新世总体为温湿—暖湿。这一结论与ZKC1孔孢粉组合特征反映的气候演变过程及中国东部第四纪气候演化基本吻合,说明沉积物CIA和微量元素含量较好地记录了第四纪气候演变信息。相关性分析表明洞庭盆地沉积物粒度对CIA无明显影响;CIA与沉积物粘土含量呈弱的正相关关系,应与湿热气候条件下有更强烈的风化和更多粘土矿物形成有关。     

Late Paleozoic magmatism in South China:Oceanic subduction or intracontinental orogeny?

A gneissic granite with an U-Pb age of 313±4 Ma was found in northeastern Fujian Province,South China.It is an S-type granite characterized by high K2O,Al2O3 and low SiO2,Na2O contents with high A/CNK ratio of 1.22 for the whole rock.Zircons with stubby morphology from the gneissic granite yield 206 Pb/238 U ages ranging from 326 to 301 Ma with a weighted average age of 313±4 Ma,and negative εHf(t) values from -8.35 to -1.74 with Hf model ages (TCDM) of 1.43 to 1.84 Ga.This S-type granite probably originated from late Paleoproterozoic crust in intracontinental orogeny.Integrated with previous results on paleogeographic reconstruction of South China,the nature of Paleozoic basins,Early Permian volcanism and U-Pb-Hf isotope of detrital zircons from the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks,we suggest the occurrence of a late Paleozoic orogeny in the eastern Cathaysia Block,South China.This orogenic cycle includes Late Carboniferous (340-310 Ma) orogeny (compression) episode and Early Permian (287-270 Ma) post-orogenic or intraplate extension episode.Therefore,the late Paleozoic magmatism in the southeastern South China probably occurred during the intraplate orogeny rather than the arc-related process.